南京农业大学考研真题-英语二外

朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页试题编号：221试题名称：英语（二外）注重：答题一律答在答题纸上，答在草稿纸或试卷上一律无效PartIClozeTest(20points)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,thereare4choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwiththeletterA,B,C,orD.FormanyWesterners,theChinesedinnertableis“anunknownland”.Thereareno_1___orknivesfortheWesternerstouse.TheChinesehostmakesgreat,sweepingarmmovementsthatgooverlarge2ofthetablepassingoverbothfoodandfriendsalike.The3isfantastic,butitleavesmanyforeignersata4forwhattodo.InmostWesternrestaurantsandhomestherearerulesabouthowtotalk,eatandsitthatarehighly5,andtheycreateanatmospherethatiscompletelydifferentfrom6wefindhereinChina.Inmychildhoodhome,dinnerwasenjoyedwithlowvoices,andthetopicsopenfor7wereverymuchrestricted.Wewerenotallowedto8anythingthatwaspotentiallyunappetizing.IfIhadtoleavethe9tousethetoilet,Ihadtoverballyexcusemyselfwithoutmentioningwhatitwas10Iwasgoingtodo."11,please?Ineedtowashmyhands."Iwouldsay.Everythingmustbedoneasquietlyaspossible.12,wehadtoeatwithourmouthsclosed.Ifanysoundwhateverwascreatedbyourintakeof13orbeverage(饮料),itconstitutedbad14!Withthatinmind,itwas,ofcourse,unthinkabletospeakwithone'smouthfulloffood,so15onlyoccurredbeforeorafteronehadtakeninfoodandswallowedit.WhenaguestcomesfromtheWesttoenjoyamealwithyou,itwouldbeagoodideaforyoutoexplaintoyourguestwhatwill16atdinnerandtofindoutifaforkwouldbeeasiertouse17chopsticks.InmytimeinChina,IhavecometoenjoyChinesetablemannersfarmorethanthose18bymyownculture,butformanyitisimpossibleto19.Thebestpolicyistoaskyourguestquestionstofindoutwhatheorsheis20with.1.A)spoonsB)forksC)chopsticksD)plates2.A)areasB)placesC)sectorsD)sections3.A)sceneB)tableC)foodD)host4.A)questionB)puzzleC)lossD)doubt5.A)freeB)restrictiveC)activeD)inactive6.A)thatB)thoseC)theseD)what7.A)discussionB)talkingC)sayingD)telling8.A)bringoutB)bringinC)bringupD)bringwith9.A)dinnerB)mealC)seatD)table10.A)thatB)whichC)whenD)why11.A)MayIexcuseB)MayIbeexcusedC)WillyouexcuseD)Willyoubeexcused12.A)MoreoverB)HoweverC)ThereforeD)Meanwhile13.A)spoonsB)forksC)chopsticksD)food14.A)mannersB)waysC)fashionsD)types15.A)washinghandsB)usingthetoiletC)askingforleaveD)speaking16.A)doB)happenC)looklikeD)serve17.A)orB)insteadofC)thanD)ratherthan18.A)prescribedB)preservedC)preventedD)prevailed19.A)adoptB)adjustC)admireD)acquire20.A)awareB)interestedC)comfortableD)accustomedPartIIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestionsorincompletesentences.ForeachquestionorsentencetherearefouranswersorchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerorchoicetoeachofthequestionsorincompletesentences.ThenwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwiththeletterA,B,C,orD.Passage1EmmyisfromUganda(乌干达),acountrywhereAIDSistheleadingcauseofdeath,killingmorethan300peopleaday.Heisjustoneofanestimated1.7millionAIDS-relatedorphansinUganda,whichhasthelargestnumberofAIDSorphansofanycountryintheworld.Emmy,20yearsoldnow,

hasasimpleresponsewhenaskedabouttheimpactofAIDSinhishomeland:"Itleftmeparentless,"hesays.Despitehispersonaltragedies,EmmycountshimselfasamongtheluckyoneinUganda.HeisoptimisticabouthisfutureandgratefulforthefactheisabletoliveinoneofUganda'sDaughtersofCharityOrphanages."Livingintheorphanagewasaprivilege,asmostoftheorphansinUgandadon'thaveanyonetotakecareofthem.Whenyouareinanorphanage,youhavesomeonetotakecareofyou,youhaveclothing,shelter.Youfeelcomfortedandhavefriendswhoaresimilartome,"saysEmmy.ThepersonwhoprovidedthemthemostcomfortduringtheiryearsintheorphanagewasanunnamedSisterRoseMuyinza,whofoundedtheDaughtersofCharityOrphanagesin1972,withtheaimofcaringforchildrenwholosttheirparentstowar,AIDSandotherdiseases.ItwasthroughhisfatherthatEmmylandedintheDaughtersofCharityOrphanage.“Mydadusedtoworkfortheprimaryschoolattheorphanageinthecapital,Kampala.HewassickandaskedforleavetogohometothenorthernpartofUgandaashecouldn'tmanagetoworkanymore,becausehewastooweak,"Emmysays."SisterRoseaskedmyfathertoleavemewithher.Ithinkshelikedme."Emmywasthenfiveyearsold."Atfirst,whenIwasyoungIdidn'tthinkabouthimdying.Ijustthoughthewassick.Ithoughthewouldcomebackatanytime.Butafterafewyears,theycameandtoldusthatmyfatherhaddied.Icriedverymuch.SisterRosecomfortedmeandtoldmethinkofyourmom."ButforEmmy,SisterRosebecamehismother.ThankstoEmmy'ssponsor,he'snowstudyingattheElCentroCommunityCollegeinDallasandwantstostudybusinesslaw,majoringinaccounting.Forhim,thereisnoquestionabouthisfuture.WhenhefinishesstudyingintheUShewantstoreturntoUgandatogivesomethingbacktohishomeland.Fromthepassageweknowthat_______________.A)Emmy’sfatherandmotherdiedwhenhewasfiveyearsoldB)Emmy’smotherpassedawayafewyearsafterhisfatherdiedfromAIDSC)Emmy’sfatherpassedawayafewyearsafterhismotherdiedfromAIDSD)EmmylivedwithhismotherwhenhisfatherdiedfromAIDSTheDaughtersofCharityOrphanagesisaorganizationwheresomepeople__________.A)providefoodandshelterforchildrenwhocannotfindtheirhomeB)lookafterchildrenwhoseparentsaretoopoortotakecareofthemC)takeresponsibilityofchildrenwhoseparentshavediedofdiseasesorbeenkilledinwarD)offermedicalcareforchildrenwhosufferfromdiseases,especiallyAIDSThesentence“Livingintheorphanagewasaprivilege”(Line10)impliedthat____________.A)onlyafewparentlesschildrenareadmittedtotheorphanageB)onlytheorphansfromrichfamiliesareadmittedtotheorphanageC)onlythechildrenwhohaverelationswithSisterRoseareadmittedtotheorphanageD)onlythechildrenwhosufferfrompersonaltragediesareadmittedtotheorphanageThecomfortEmmygotintheorphanageareallthefollowingexcept__________.A)foodandshelterB)clothesandwarmthC)friendshipandloveD)highereducationAccordingtohismajor,Emmywouldprobablyengagein_________whenhefinisheshisstudyingintheUSandreturnstoUganda.A)agriculturalscienceB)economicsC)hightechnologyD)medicalcarePassage2TheKissimmeeRiverusedtorunwild,twistingfromOrlandodowntoLakeOkeechobee,zigzagging(蜿蜒穿过)acrossitsfloodplainlikeadrunkenunicyclist.ThentheArmyCorpsofEngineerstamedit,cuttingoffitssharpturns,lockingitintoastraightandreliablechannelthatneveroverfloweditsbanks.Itwasn'treallyariveranymore.ItwasrenamedtheC-38Canal.NowtheCorpsanditspartnersintheSouthFloridaWaterManagementDistrictaresettingsomeoftheKissimmeefreeagain.InJune2000,LouToth,thewaterdistrict'stopbiologist,usedanexplosionandblewuponeofthedamsholdingtheC-38inplace.Today,theseven-milestretchofcanalthatTothturnedlooseisa14-milestretchofriver,twistingandturninganddoublingbackagain,re-creatingwetlandsandrestoringwildlife.This$518millionprojectisthemostambitiousriverrestorationeverattempted.IthasbeenvisitedbyJapanese,British,Brazilian,ItalianandHungarianofficialshopingtofixtheirownrivers.AndCorpsandwaterdistrictleaderscallitamodelfortheir$7.8billionComprehensiveEvergladesRestorationPlanafewmilessouth.IftheEvergladesisthetestofhowecological(生态的)mistakescanbefixed,theysay,theKissimmeeisproofthatsuccessispossible.WhydidtheArmyCorpsofEngineerstametheKissimmeeRiver?A)Toprotecttheareasagainstflood.B)Togetmorewaterfromtheriver.C)Tomakeitstraightformoreland.D)Tobuildachannelforthedryland.WhywastheKissimmeeRiverrenamedtheC-38Channel?A)Becauseitisnolongerzigzagginglikeadrunkenunicyclist.B)Becauseitscoursehasbeencompletelychanged.C)BecauseitisrunningdowntoLakeOkeechobee.D)BecauseitissonamedtogivehonortotheArmyCorpsofEngineers.WhatdidLouTothdotothedamsinJune2000?A)Hecutoffitssharpturnsandmadeitrunsmooth.B)Hebuiltadamforirrigation.C)Hestoppedtheconstructionofthedams.D)Hedestroyedoneofthedamswithanexplosion.WhathappenedtotheriverafterToth’sefforts?A)Therivernowrunsevenfartherthanitusedto.B)Therivernowturnswildandfloodslargeareas.C)Thewetlandnowreappearsandwildlifereemerges.D)Alargereservoirhasbeenformedclosetotheriver.Whatisthepurposeforthe$518millionproject?A)Toturntheriverintoatouristspot.B)Tomakeuseoftheriverforirrigation.C)Torestorethewetlandwithinthewaterdistrict.D)Totesttheecologicalmistake.Passage3Asix-monthbanonsmokinginallpublicplacesreducedthenumberofheartattacksinaUStownbyalmostahalf,anewstudyhasrevealed.Theresearchersattributethedramaticdroptothe"nearelimination"ofharmfuleffectsof"second-hand"smoke—passivesmoking.Asmoke-freeenvironmentalsoencouragessmokerstoreducesmokingorquitaltogether,theteamadds.StatisticianStantonGlantz,attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,andcolleaguesstudieddiagnosesofheartattacksinthetownofHelena,Montana,wherethebanwasimposed."Thisstrikingfindingsuggeststhatprotectingpeoplefromtoxins(毒素)insecond-handsmokenotonlymakeslifemorepleasant,itimmediatelystartssavinglives,"Glantzsays.Theresearchersclaimthestudyisthefirsttoshowthatsmoke-freepoliciesrapidlyreduceheartattacks,aswellashavinglong-termbenefits."Thisclearlyshowsthegreatneedforcontrolsonsmokinginpublicplaces,"saysAmandaSandfordofUKpressuregroupActiononSmokingandHealth."Passivesmokingisakiller.Thepubliccertainlyunderestimatestheimpactofpassivesmokingontheheart."ThesmokingbaninHelenawasintroducedinJune2002butwassuspendedaftersixmonthsbecauseofalegalchallenge.GlantzandresearchersatStPeter'sCommunityHospitalinHelenacomparedthehospitalchartsofheartattackpatientsadmittedfromthesmoke-freetownwiththosefromneighboringareas,aswellaswithrecordsfromHelenainthefouryearsbeforetheban.Duringanaveragesix-monthperiod,heartattackadmissionstothehospitalhadaveragedjustundersevenpermonth.Butthisfelltolessthanfouramonthduringthesmokingban.Thestudysuggeststhatalthoughsecond-handsmokedeliversonlyasmalldoseofharmfulchemicals,itappearstohaveaveryheavyimpactonhealth.Thisparadoxhaspuzzledscientistsbefore,saysRobertWest,anexpertonsmokingcessation(停止)atStGeorge'sMedicalSchool,London,"buttherearenowplausiblemechanismsforthis".WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheeffectofbanonsmokinginallpublicplaces?Thenumberofheart-attackpatientsreducedbysome50%.Manysmokersreducetheirsmokingconsiderably.Somesmokersevengiveupsmoking.Theharmfuleffectofpassivesmokinghasbeeneliminatedtothezero.Thepurposeofbanonsmokinginthepublicplacesisto___________.reducetheimpactofpassivesmokingreducetheheartattackprotectthehealthofallthesmokersmakethetownwithoutsmokingItisimpliedthat_______________________.peopleinHelenasupportedthesmokingbanwithgreatenthusiasmpeopleinHelenadidnotsupportthesmokingbaninthepublicthepolicymakersmetsomelegalproblemsintheintroductionofthesmokingbanthesmokingbanwasacceptedbyothertownsToshowtheeffectoftheban,theresearcherscompared_____________.thenumberofheart-attackpatientsinHelenawiththatintheneighboringareasthenumberofheart-attackpatientsinHelenaduringthesmokingbanperiodwiththatinthepastfouryearsthenumberofheart-attackpatientsinHelenawhoweresenttohospitalduringthesmokingbanperiodwiththatinthepastfouryearsthenumberofpatientsinHelenawhodiedfromheartattackduringthesmokingbanperiodwiththatinthepastfouryearsThesecond-handsmokerefersto______________.takingthecigarettewithtwofingerstakinginthesmokewhenotherpeoplearesmokingofferingcigarettestootherpeopleinthepublicplacesbuyingcigarettesfromsmallshopswhichsellcigarettesatalowpricePassage4TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen,andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricedsystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillriseandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertymeansnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.36.InLine8,Para.1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes”meansthat__________.A)AmericansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomesB)AmericanstendtooverstatetheirincomesC)AmericanswanttohavetheirincomesincreasedD)Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes37.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat_______________.A)producersdecidethepricesofproductsB)consumersdecidethepricesofproductsC)supplyanddemandregulatepricesD)societydecidestheprice38.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby___________.A)privatepropertyandrightsconcernedB)manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrolC)ownershipofproductiveresourcesD)freecontractsandprices39.Theproductwillberelativelyhighinpricewhen___________.A)consumersneedmoreB)therearefewerconsumersC)producersincreasetheproductscostD)therearemoreconsumersandfewerproducts40.Thepassageismainlyabout____________.A)howAmericangoodsareproducedB)howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoodsC)howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsD)howAmericaneconomicsystemworksPartIIIShortAnswerQuestions(10Points)Directions:Inthissectionthereisashortpassagewithfivequestions.Readthepassagecarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).YouranswermustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.Whydostudentscutclassessofrequently?Icancitetheimmediatecauses,butIfirstwanttonotethattheycancutbecausetheyareallowedto.Theycutbecauseoftheclimateofacceptancethatcomesfromourbeliefthatresponsibilitycanbedevelopedonlywhenoneisfree,freeeventoactagainstpersonalbestinterests.Thatthatisamisappliedbeliefinthiscasecanbeeasilydemonstrated.Whensubstantialnumbersofstudentsdonotattend,classroomlearningisdepreciated(贬值),studentandteachermoralesuffers,andacademicstandardsarecompromised.Studentswhomissclassesunnecessarilyarehurtingmorethanthemselves.Theyareunderminingwhatcollegesanduniversitiesareallabout.Studentscutfortwogeneralreasons.Theyhavethingstodothatappearmoreimportantthantheclass,ortheywishtoavoidwhattheyfearwillbepainfulconsequencesiftheyattend.Inregardtothefirst,nursinganillnes