2022届新高考英语一轮复习 过关检测 题型一 阅读理解三 推理判断题

题型一阅读理解

专题三推理判断题

过关检测

Passage1[2020新高考I（山东）,C]

语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间

一本关于旅游见闻的

说明文298★★★7分钟

书

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.He

leftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,

stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthe

disappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,

ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksabout

aroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeen

destroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingto

astrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely

24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,his

hostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,but

alsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitectural

wonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhen

suspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬礼）followed

byastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,

diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,making

histaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.Hisjudgment

andreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthor

explains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.

Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsian

traditions.

8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends9invitation.

B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.

D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.

B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.

C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.

B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.

D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

Passage2[2019全国UI,C]

语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间

说明文报业的发展变化299★★★7分钟

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsin

America,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,

butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,

newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,

mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theywere

dullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830s

wouldchangeallthat.

Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"一atermreferringtopapers

madewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhaps

moreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthe

street.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)

tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhad

togodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmost

unknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbe

commonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny

一usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged一andsomeoftheolderwell-known

paperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper*1caughtthepublic's

fancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet**didnotbeginwell.

Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyin

business,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethe

tradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.

28.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?

A.Academic.B.Unattractive.

C.Inexpensive.D.Confidential.

29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?

A.Theywouldbepricedhigher.

B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.

C.Theycouldhavemorereaders.

D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.

30.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?

A.Localpoliticians.B.Commonpeople.

C.Youngpublishers.D.Richbusinessmen.

31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?

A.Itwasadifficultprocess.

B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.

C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor.

D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.

Passage3[2019江苏,C]

语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间

对新科技作用的误

说明文418★★★8分钟

判

Whocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheinternethashadmoreimportant

influencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemore

impressedbythemostrecentchanges?

Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.

However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.

ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)

revolution,representedbytheinternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswrongly

concludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.

Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety'1hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheir

manufacturingsector(制造业),withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.

Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeinternetbypeopleinrich

countrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"

betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesand

individualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentand

internetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedeveloping

countriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuch

asdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashing

machineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptop

computerorsettingupinternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthose

thingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancy

programmeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsof

alternativeusesoftheirmoney.

Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethat

therecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationareso

revolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld11.Asaresult,inthelasttwenty

yearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappening

todayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbelike

tryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveput

anendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,

labourandgoods,withpoorresults.

Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigning

economicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingthe

rightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,

andourunder-valuationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusin

allsortsofwrongdirections.

61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.

A.alackofconfidenceintechnology

B.aslowprogressintechnology

C.aconflictorpublicopinions

D.awasteoflimitedresources

62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.

A.takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccount

B.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeople

C.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupport

D.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities

63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?

A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.

B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.

C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.

D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.

64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.

B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.

C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.

D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.

Passage4[2018天津,B]

语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间

参观艺术博物馆,误闯民

记叙文398★★8分钟

宅

WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,

oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthe

communitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandI

droveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavetheaddress?”"No,butI'll

recognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine."

"Oh,stop.Thereitis!0

Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehall

stoppedtalkingandstaredatus.

"MayIhelpyou?”amanasked.nNo,nIsaid."We'refine.”Tourguidesgoton

mynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthat

interestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（爱窥

探的），keepingtheireyesfixedonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isaw

somenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.

"Wheredoyouthinkyouare?'1heasked.Iturnedsharply."TheMcNayArt

Museum!"Hesmiled,shakinghishead."Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfels

Street.""What'sthisplace?11Iasked,stillconfused.nWell,ifsourhome.”Myheart

jolted（震颤）.Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout,"Sally!Comedown

immediately!"

"There'ssomereallygoodstuff（艺术作品）upthere."Shesteppeddown,looking

confused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,nSorry,

pleaseforgiveus,youhaveareallyniceplace."Outside,whenItoldSallywhat

happened,shecoveredhermouth,laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletus

lookaroundwithoutsayinganything.

TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.

VanGogh,Picasso.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusual

happened.

Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace."Excuseme,did

youeverenteraresidence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?"

“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone/1

“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,I

neverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthought

itwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.Fvealwayswanted

tothankyou."

41.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?

A.Shewasapainter.

B.Shewasacommunityleader.

C.Shewasamuseumdirector.

D.Shewasajournalist.

42.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?

A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.

B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.

C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.

D.Shemistookhimfbratourguide.

43.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?

A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.

C.Frightened.D.Delighted.

44.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?

A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.

B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.

C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.

D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.

45.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.

B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.

C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.

D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.

Passage5[2017乙卷（全国I）,B]

语篇类型主题词数难度建议时间

记叙文救助野生动物291★★7分钟

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationat

BaileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreatures

canbeheailbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimply

beautiful.

IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl（猫

头鹰）ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeen

placedinacarrierforsafety.

Iexaminedthechick（雏鸟）anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imight

havebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestand

anchoritinatree.

Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepine

branchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickin

thenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.

Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethe

homeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethe

presenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingas

well.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhat

newsthenightmightbring.

Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!

Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idrove

overandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwas

accompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH!Theparentshaddone

theirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.

24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.Effortsmadeinvain.

B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.

C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.

D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.

25.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?

A.Torescueawoman.

B.Totakecareofawoman.

C.Tolookatababyowl.

D.Tocureayoungowl.

26.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?

A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.

C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.

27.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?

A.Ifsunexpected.B.Ifsbeautiful.

C.Ifshumorous.D.It'sdiscouraging.

Passage6[2017浙江,B]

语篇类

主题词数难度建议时间

型

青少年晚睡的坏习

说明文297★★5分钟

惯

GettinglesssleephasbecomeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingto

anewsurvey（调查）bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18go

tobedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.Last

yeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidtheyfelttired

duringtheday,andthat15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.

Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest;

mostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formost

school-agechildren,tenhoursisideal（理想的）.ButthenewNationalSleep

Foundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreight

hours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobeforebedtime?

WatchTV.

"MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemore

opportunities（机会）tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetandthephone,"

saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.

Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthem

tocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changing

levelsofbodychemicalscalledhormonesnotonlymaketeenagers9bodiesdevelop

adultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.

Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshave

decidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schoolsin

Edina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto8:30am.Students,parents

andteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.

25.WhatisthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?

A.Americankids'sleepinghabits.

B.Teenagers9sleep-relateddiseases.

C.Activitiestopreventsleeplessness.

D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.

26.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?

A.7hours.B.8hours.

C.10hours.D.18hours.

27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?

A.Theyareaffectedbycertainbodychemicals.

B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.

C.Theyfollowtheirparents'examples.

D.Theydon'tneedtogotoschoolearly.

专题三推理判断题【答案速查】

Passage1BDBAPassage2BCBAPassage3DABB

Passage4ADADCPassage5ACABPassage6ACB

Passage1

曾在乌兹别克斯坦当过志愿者的TomBissell出于对这个国家的兴趣几年后

回到这里，并写了一本书叙述其在该国旅行中的见闻。本文对这本书进行了简要

介绍。

8.B考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句中的"stillattractedtothecountry,he

returnedtoUzbekistan"可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了这里，

故B项符合题意。

9.D考查代词指代。根据第一段第三句中的"stillattractedtothecountry,he

returnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea"nJ

知,TomBissell回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的的文章。

画线词"that"指代上文中提到的“写文章"这件事。

10.B考查推理判断。根据文章第三段尤其是第一句中的"madeoffriendliness

andwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety"可知,TomBissell在乌兹别克斯坦的

旅行充满了变故。eventful意为"充满大事的，多变故的"，符合文意。A项在文中没

有体现,C项与D项表述片面，故选Bo

11.A考查写作意图。文章开头引出TomBissell写书的背景，后面三段介绍了这

本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价。全文围绕这本书展开，目的就是向读

者推荐这本书，所以选A项。

Passage2

本文讲述了十九世纪上半叶美国报业的发展变化。

28.B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittlein

themthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding"

可知，在十九世纪三十年代前，大多数报纸对广大读者缺乏吸引力。故选Bo

academic"学业的";unattractive"不吸引人的tinexpensive"不昂贵的";confidential"

机密的"。

29.C考查推理判断。根据第二段首句"Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"penny

paper'—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic"以及第三段

匚口的"However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplace

ineasterncities”可推知，“便士报”指的是公众可广泛购得的报纸，便士报有更多的

读者，而正是街头销售使其变得随处可见。

30.B考查细节理解。第四段首句中的“themanonthestreet"指普通人。故选B。

31.A考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplace

overnight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapers

before1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficeto

purchaseacopy"及第四段的内容可知，"便士报"的发展变化绝非发生在一夜之间，

而是经历了一个艰难的过程。故选A。文章只是描述了“便士报”当时的状况，并未

对其作出成功与否的评价，故B项错误;C项和D项均曲解了文意。

Passage3

对新科技作用的误判可能会误导人们对已有技术的认识和使用，影响对社会

的认知。

61.D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"However,theyhaverealimpacts,asthey

resultinmisguideduseofscarceresources"可知,对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀

缺资源的误用，故选D。

62.A考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisis

whatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoseless

fashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksand...inrural

villages"可推出，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本需求，而不要片

面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故本题答案为A。

63.B考查细节理解。根据第五段可知，人们认为随着通信和交通运输技术的发

展，我们生活在一个“无国界的世界"，由此许多政府取消了一些必要的规则，故本题

答案为B。

64.B考查推理判断。通读全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段中的“However,our

fascination...wrongdirections"可知，我们对于最新技术的入迷，和对于已经普遍存

在的技术作用的低估可能或已经将我们引向错误的方向，即传统的技术在当今仍

有着重要的作用。故选B。

Passage