2019年高考英语语法填空题实战训练(带详细答案)

2019年高考英语语法填空题实战训练

（名师剖析解题技巧与法+真题实战练习，建议下载练习）

语法填空的考查范围：

i.语境（上下文）；

2.语法：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式），名词，代词，

冠词，介词，固定搭配，情态动词，复合句，形容词和副词的比较级最高级及

构词法、倒装等。

一、动词（谓语/非谓语）

给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式，

首先抓住主谓结构，确定主句，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是句子，仍然

有主谓结构，就用非谓语；是谓语就思考时态、语态、主谓一致，是非谓语

就看主动被动，有否先后关系。

1....MsChen（teach）meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy

2....IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI(tell)bymyclassmates

thatshelovedhotf

3....Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,

(change),

4.1hadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe(break)

5.Thechild,NicoleHobson,(take)byhermothertoChildren's

MemorialHospitalabout11p.m.,

6.Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould(make)aradiocalltothe

7.AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsBaidthatChinafollowsan

educationalpolicythat(encourage)

8.Oneofthemwasavisitor,sayinghewouldn'thavebeenthereifhe

(watch)

9.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionofthe.rperson(receive)the

gift.

10....Withtheproblem(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.

11....IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleftcomplete)therest.

12.There，(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish，weretwonickels

andfivepennies一

13.(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswho

wentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,

14.StormssweptalongNewMexico'sborderwithTexasonFriday,

(destroy)

15.Wemustpractisespeakingand(write)thelanguagewheneverwe

can.

16....butitisnotenoughonly(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.

17.Thetelevisionviewermakesnochoiceandnojudgment.Heiscompletely

passiveandhaseverything(present)

Keys：1.hastaught/hasbeenteaching/hadtaught/hadbeenteaching2.was

told/hadbeentold3.waschanged4.hadbroken5.wasbeingtaken6.havemade

7.encourages8.hadwatched9.receiving10.solved11.tocomplete

二、代词

挖掉代词，句子的结构受到破坏，句子不连贯。

1....Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathing

2.Thelittleboypulledrighthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumber

3....thedriverdidtohelpandevenstoppedoncetopickupmore

passengers.

4.Ifyougiveyourchildren...thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,then

5.Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000of

6.Firstly,wemustunderstandthe

Keys：

三、定语从句的引导词

必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断，从而补出引导词，这本身

就是考查逻辑思维能力。

1....Theexam,wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,was

2...ThenIwenttothedepartment

3.Itwasapoemaboutme,

4.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents

camebacktoChinaafterstud

5.MoreandmoreChinesestudentsgoabroadforstudy,issupported

Keys：

四、连词（从属连词/并列连词）

A）引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what,who,

which,when,where,whatever,whoever,whichever,whether；副词从

句弓I导词where,wherever,when,if,how,unless,until,

1....Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchasheisinterestedinand

3.Shewouldpointouttheyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycould

4.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics（儿科）

reallyneedfbrhealthdevelopmentismoregood,一一

5.1almoststartedtoyellhisnameIsuddenlyrememberedhewasinbed

asleep.

6.childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotally

,a

totalofonemillionstude

8.wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,weare

9.Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisispreciselythedanger

lies.

Keys：1.what2.what3.what4.what5.when6.Unless7.since8.If9.

B）并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and,but,or,though,

although,so...挖掉关联词，要想补上连词，思路必须与作者思路相吻合。

1....Ihadnoideahowtodoit.ItriedtostaypositiveandperseveredI

2....IaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterestImademyfinaldecision.

3.Tom,,

atatable.

4.Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfomilytoteachtheirchildrentobe

responsibleforhousework,withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,you

Keys：

五、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语

此功能与关联词相似。只是这种副词（短语•）在用法上更加灵活多变。典型

的有though,however,also,therefore,still,besides,inaddition,

instead,or,otherwise,first,second,then,finally,inaword等等。

1.This,，didn'tbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmy

Keys：1.however2.inste

六、特殊句型（或固定短语）

考查对固定结构（短语）的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。

1.Itwasnotlongthewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipe

2....wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn't

3.Socarelesswa

4.../'asamatterof,youhavedonewellandmadegreat

5.WhenCarettson,29,apassenger,wastryingtobringKZZ)X

6.Thechildwasstrickenaboutamileaway_

Keys：

七、冠词

2...ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore...andboughtherexpensive

3.Tom,,

4.HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsandgood

5.1toldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadheartoperationandthatshewas

having________

6.Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso

Keys：

八、词形变化或者词性变化

给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式

补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。

1...MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy

(appreciate)

2....(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocomplete

3.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit

(patience)

,“shesaid(rude)

5.1don'tknowifheplacedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto(soft)

theblow,

6.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto(understand)

them.

7.Youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe(entertain)

field.

8.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.

9....tocheckher(recent)inserted(插入)

10.Thetornadoesdamagedseveral(new)

(benefit).

12.Theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,notto

mentionthelatest(excite)

Keys：1.appreciation2.Fortunately3.impatient4.rudely5.soften6.

misunderstand

7.entertainment8.contribution9.recently10.newly11.beneficial12.exciting

九、介词或数词

1.1wasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,...»wereasurepathsuccess.

3.ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong

eeldrivecar,whichis

5.Fivewereincriticalconditionheadtrauma(夕卜伤,损伤),saidLiz

Crouch,

7.Itwashis(nine)

Keys：

十、词形变化或者词性变化

给出单词的原形，通过句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正确的单词形式

补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。

1.(2017•新课标全国卷I・69)However,be(care)nottogoto

extremes.

2.(2017•新课标全国卷II•66)anditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasant

3.(2017•新课标全国卷69)...Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe

69(introduce)

4.(2017•新课标全国卷H•70)ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost

70(success)ofthesenewlines,

5.(2017•新课标全国卷HI・66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher

66(educate)

6.(2017•新课标全国卷is70(certain)funbutthelifestyle

isalittleu

7.(2016全国I卷・61)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia's

biggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop

(attract)

8.(2016全国I卷・63)Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.The

titlewillbe(official)_

9.(2016全国IH卷•62)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'll

feelarealsenseof(achieve)

10.(2016全国HI卷・66)Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigs

which(gradual)

11.(2016全国HI卷・67)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveat

workifwetakeshortbreaksKZZ)2(regular)

,12.(2016全国H【卷・68)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholar

Confuciusinfluencedthe(develop)

13.(2015卷I・69)Andthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekend

destinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHong

Kong，saysit(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeoplelivingin

ShanghaiandHongKong.

14.(2015卷II•63)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobe

dwellingsadmirableistheir(able)to“aircondition“ahousewithoutusing

15.(2015卷H・65)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhot

daysandgiveoutthatheat(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthe

16.(2015卷H•69)As(nature)architects,thePuebloIndians

figuredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkon

m

17.(2014卷I・62)(actual)

18.(2014#II-50)Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhad

done,-(sudden)becamefriendlytoone

another.

Keys：1.careful2.fairly3.introduction4.successful5.education6.certainly

口

从上面例题可以看出词形变化是必考重点内容，为此特给同学们归纳下面

常见词形变化：

1.形容词与副词的转换（高频考点）

规律总结请写出下列形容词的副词形式

一般直接quick—________;rude—________;wide—>_______;

real—>_______;carefill—________;final—►________;

加ly

poclite—>;high—;sudden—;

real一________;great—>________;

（辅音字easy一_______;angry—>________;happy—►________;

heavy—_______;busy—________;

母+）y—ily

lucky—________;shy—__________

-ble一-blpossible—>________;probable—_________;

yterrible—_________;noble—_________;

comfortable^___________;reliable—>___________

（一般）去gentle—►________;ample—►_________;simple—>_________

e加y

（个别）去true—________；whole—__________

e加ly

ic结尾加basic—>_________;classic—>_________;magic—>__________;

optimistic—>___________;

ally

scientific一____________;但public一____________

Keys：1quicklyrudelywidelyreallycarefullyfinallypolitelyhighlysuddenly

reallygreatly

2easilyangrilyhappilyheavilybusilyluckily

3possiblyprobablyterriblynoblycomfortablyreliably

4gentlyamplysimply

5trulywholly

口

2.名词与形容词的转换

规律总结请写出下列名词的形容词形式或形容词的名词形式

+al/去e,music—>musical;person一_______;nation—_________;

tradition一________;centre—________;practice—*__________

+al

・ture—nature—*natural;culture一_______;

-turalagriculture—►____________;architecture—*_____________

-ics—>-icalpolitics—>political;physics—>_________;

mathematics—_____________;statistics—>____________

+erneast—eastern;west—_________;south一_____________;

north—_________;southwest—►_________

+ibleaccess—accessible;注意horror—>__________；

terror—*___________

+fulsuccess—>successful;power—>__________;

peace—___________;注意mercy—___________;

beauty—__________

+ishfbol—foolish;seU________;child—►________

+ousdanger—dangerous;humor—>__________注意

anxiety—>________;ambition—___________;

curiosity—►________;

-ance一・animportance一important;significance—>___________;

tdistance—>_________

-ence—>-enabsence一absent;silence—>_______;

tdifference—__________;convenience—___________

0

-ency—fluency—fluent;efficiency—>________;

-entemergency—*________;urgency—*________

1

口

+lyfriend-^friendly;time—*________;man—________;

mother—________；:主意day—>________

2

-ble—>able—►ability;responsible^_____________;

-bilitypossible一____________;flexible一____________

3

+y;去e+y;health—healthy;sleep—►__________;dirt—___________;

noise一___________;sun一____________

4双写+y

adj.+weak—►weakness;kind—_________;ill—►__________;

ness—n.sad—________注意happy—_____________

5

adj.+thstrong一strength;warm—__________;long—__________;

—n.wide—>_________;true—>________；:主意grow—_______

6

-ate—>acyaccurate一

accuracy;private—>________;adequate—>_________

7

其他各类freedom;wise—>_______;cruel—>;

safb—_______;tire—>________;trouble—__________;

8history一___________;science一________;brave一________;

short—________

Keys：

1personalnationaltraditionalcentralpractical

3physicalmathematicalstatistical

4westernsouthernnorthernsouthwestern

口

6powerfulpeacefulmercifulbeautiful

8humorousanxiousambitiouscurious

10silentdifferentconvenient

11efficientemergenturgent

12timelymanlymotherlydaily

13responsibilitypossibilityflexibility

14sleepydirtynoisysunny

15kindnessillnesssadnesshappiness

16warmthlengthwidthtruthgrowth

17privacyadequacy

18wisdomcrueltysafetytiresometroublesomehistoric(al)scientificbravery

3.动词与名词的转换

规律总结请写出下列动词的名词形式

+ationexpect—>expectation;present—>____________;注意

explain—►_____________

去e,+ationinvite—>invitation;educate—►_________;

examine—>____________;prepare—>_____________;

注意pronounce—>_______________

去e,+tionproduce—production;introduce一_____________；注意

describe一___________

去e,+iondevote—>devotion;pollute一___________;contribute一

____________;revise—►____________

act—action;attract—__________;protect—_______;

suggest—__________

+ion注意intend-*__________

口

discuss—>__________;express—___________;

possess—__________;impress—___________;

去t/d/de,十admit—>admission;permit-*___________;

extend—__________;conclude—>____________;

(s)sion

divide—__________

+ance；去e,appear—>appearance;perform一____________;

acquaint—>_____________;guide—>___________

+ance

+enceexist—>existence;prefer^____________;

refers_____________;differ—____________;

depend—_____________

+ment;去e,achieve一achievement;agree一___________;announce一

+ment

encourage—►____________;develop—>_________________

去e,+alarrive—>arrival;approve—___________;survive—►

____________;refuse—►____________

0

+urefail—failure;press—>___________;depart—►

;mix—

1

+yrecover—recovery;discover—*_________

2

其他choose—choice;vary—>_________;tend—>_________;

advise—_________;apologize—_________;

3

classify—>______________

Keys：

1presentationexplanation

2educationexaminationpreparationpronunciation

口

3introductiondescription

4pollutioncontributionrevision

5attractionprotectionsuggestionintentiondiscussionexpressionpossession

impression

6permissionextensionconclusiondivision

7performanceacquaintanceguidance

8preferencereferencedifferencedependence

9agreementannouncementencouragementdevelopment

10approvalsurvivalrefusal

11pressuredeparturemixture

12discovery

13varietytendencyadviceapologyclassification

4.动词与形容词的转换

规律总结请写出下列动词的形容词形式或形容词的动词形式

+ablesuit—>suitable;comfort—>___________;

reason—_________；注意admire—>__________;

rely—__________;

+fuldoubt—>doubtful;harm—_________;

hope一__________;care—_________;use—►__________

+iveact—active;attract—>__________;

impress—__________;create—>___________;

act—___________

4+aryimagine—___________

adj.+en—>v.deep—>deepen;wide一_______;[ess—________;

worse—>________

en+adj.—v.large一enlarge;rich—>_______;able一________;

noble—________

Keys：

口

1comfortablereasonableadmirablereliable

2harmfulhopefulcarefuluseful

3attractiveimpressiveactivecreative

4imaginary

5widenlessenworsen

5.表示否定的前缀与后缀

规律总

请写出与下列单词意义相反或相否定的词语

结

1dis+advantage一disadvantage;agree一________;

appear一________;cover—>_________;like—>________;

2il/im/inlegal—illegal;polite—__________;patient—►_________;

convenient—__________

3mis+understand—*misunderstand;lead—>__________;

direct—__________;trust—>___________

4un+able—>unable;fhir—__________;fit—>___________;

fortunate—___________;usual—___________

5+lesshope一hopeless;end一________;stain—_________;

taste—>________;use—>_________;1主意price—>_________

Keys：1disagreedisappeardiscoverdislike

2impoliteimpatientinconvenient

3misleadmisdirectmistrust

4unfairunfitunfortunateunusual

6.表示人的后缀

口

规律请写出下列表示人的名词

总结

1+ersing—singer;teach—>__________;strange—>___________;

village—►__________;employ—___________

2+oract—actor;invent—►__________;educate—>___________;

visit一__________;conduct一__________

3+eeemploy—employee;interview—____________;

pay—>___________;absent—____________

4+（r）esact—actress;wait—____________;host—___________;

ssteward一__________;god—>____________

5+eseJapan—>__________;注意China一__________;Burma（缅

甸）一>_________;Vietnam—_____________

6+nAsia—>Asian;America—>___________;

Australia—____________;India—____________;

Korea—____________

7（去ymusic—*musician;history—>_________;library—►__________;

physics—___________;politics—________

或s）+ian

8+istart—artist;novel—________;tour—►________;注意

cycle—>________;science—_________

9+antassist—assistant;account—>___________;consult—>

____________;注意apply—*___________;serve—*___________

1+arlie—liar;beg—_______（注意拼写）

0

Keys：

口

1teacherstrangervillageremployer

2inventoreducatorvisitorconductor

3intervieweepayeeabsenteewaitresshostessstewardessgoddess

4JapaneseChineseBurmeseVietnamese

5AmericanAustralianIndianKorean

6historianlibrarianphysicianpolitician

7novelisttouristcyclistscientist

8accountantconsultantapplicantservant

下面我们来看一篇短文语法填空。

hernervous

system.Thedoctorsdidnotholdoutmuchhopeofhereverrecovering1.this

illness.Theypredictedshe*dspendtherestofherlifeinawheelchair.2.

Angelafirmlybelievedthatshewasdefinitelygoingtobewalkingagainsomeday.The

doctorswerecharmedbyher3.(defeatable)spirit.Theytaughtherabout

imagining一aboutseeingherself4.(walk).Angelawouldworkashardas

possibleinphysicaltherapy(治疗)，lyingtherefaithfullydoingherimagining,

visualizingherselfmoving,moving,

Oneday,5.shewasstrainingallhermighttoimagineherlegsmoving

again,6.seemedasthoughamiraclehappened：thebedmoved!She

screamedout,"Look,whatI7.(do)!Look!Look!Icandoit!Imoved!

Imoved!”Ofcourse,8.thisverymomenteveryoneelseinthehospitalwas

screaming,too.ItwastheSanFranciscoearthquake.Butdon'ttell9.to

Angela.Shewas10.(convince)thatshedidit.Andnowonlyafewyears

later，shewasbackinschoolonherowntwofeet.Nowalkingsticks，no

【要点综述】靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但

她始终没有放弃，一次地震让她觉得是她自己的腿动了，并对此坚信不疑,

几年后她真的靠自己的双脚重新走进了学校。

口

1.fromrecoverfromanillness意为“从疾病中恢复过来”。

2.But与前句是转折关系。

3.undefeatable在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由语境可知，此处应表示

“不败的"，故填undefeatable。句意：医生为她永不言败的精神所折服。

4.walkingseesbdoingsth看见某人在做某事。

5.asas表示“正当..时”。

6.it句式搭配：itseemsasif7asthough…仿佛是

8.atatthisverymoment意为"就在此刻”。

9.that/it代替前文说的地震这回事。

10.convinced用形容词形式。beconvincedof/that...深信..，坚信。

课堂练习

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确

形式。

第一篇(2017,新课标全国卷I)

Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontent

andlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)

61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside

62(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedical

Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63

(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandfbrseveralotherbodily

functions.Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasif

itismissingsomething.As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotryto

makeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even66(bad),theamountoffastfood

thatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt；by

68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedin

Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃点心)

betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be69

口

(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchof

both,

第二篇(2017,新课标全国卷n)

In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.It

ranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61

(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62world.Ittookthree

yearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddiggingup

theroad,63(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64

top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,the

Steamengines65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen

66(fair)unpleasantfbrthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.

However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,

morethan25,

Later,engineers68(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemof

deeptunnels(隧道)，whichbecameknowntotheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonly

possiblewiththe69(introduce)of

centralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70(success)ofthesenew

lines,

carriages,

第三篇(2017•新课标全国卷m)

Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,

friends,(rest).Instead,

sheise

Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodelearninga

milliondollarsinthenewyear.HerfatherPeter44,wantshertogiveupschoolto

modelfulltime.ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels

wants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedto

carryonwithher66(educate)

口

Shehasturneddownseveral67(invitation)tostaratshowsinorderto

concentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltime

Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,

school69(come)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis

70(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon'twanttohavenothing

第四篇（2016•新课标全国卷I）

Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancy

newhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop61(attract).

Base,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I62(allow)togetup

Fromtomorrow,Iwillbetheir

UKambassador.Thetitlewillbe63(of