2024年高考英语3月模拟考试（广东卷）

2024年高考英语3月模拟考试（广东卷）高三英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASTEMSummerProgramsforHighSchoolStudentsSTEMisatermthatstandsforscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics.HereisalistofsomeofthebestSTEMsummercampsforhighschoolstudents.FutureMattersProgramItisan8-weekpaidsummerresearchexperienceforhighschoolstudents.Thisisahands-onprogramforstudentsinterestedingoingafteracareerinmedicalresearch.Studentswillattendseminarsledbyfacultyandparticipateindiscussionswithpeers.SimonsSummerResearchItisaseven-weekprogramlocatedatStonyBrookUniversity.Studentswillhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinspecialworkshops,toursandeventsfreeofcharge.Theywillconcludetheprogrambproducingawrittenresearchabstractandresearchposter.ResearchScienceInstituteItisthefirstcost-freesummerprogramofitskind.Duringthissix-weekprogram,studentswilldivedeeperintotheworldofscienceandengineeringbyexperiencingtheentireresearchcycle.Inthisprogramstudentsattendclassesconductedbyfamousprofessorsandpreparewrittenandoralpresentationstopresenttheirresearch.PrograminMathforYoungScientistsThisprogramisasix-weekintensivemathematicsprogramdesignedforstudentsacrosstheglobe.Unlikecommonprograms,itoffersagreatdealofindependenceforstudentstochoosetheirownschedulesanddecidewhattheywanttostudy.Besideslearning,thereisalso“mandatory(强制的)funtime”builtintotheweeklyschedulesothatstudentsareabletohavenon-mathrelatedactivities.1．Whichprogrambestsuitsstudentswhowanttobedoctors?A．FutureMattersProgram. B．SimonsSummerResearch.C．ResearchScienceInstitute. D．PrograminMathforYoungScientists.2．WhatdoSimonsSummerResearchandResearchScienceInstitutehaveincommon?A．Expense. B．Theme. C．Duration. D．Content.3．What’sspecialinPrograminMathforYoungScientists?A．Cultivatingindependentskills. B．Attendingnon-mathactivities.C．Tailoringpersonalschedules. D．Enrollinginternationalstudents.BRyanisagoodkid.Hegetsgreatgrades,heplayslacrosse(长曲棍球),andheiswell-liked.SoJenniferandherhusbanddidn’tseeanyreasonwhytheirsixth-gradesoncouldn’thaveanInstagramaccount,untilRyanpostedaphotoofhimselfholdinganemptybeerbottlethathisfatherhadjustfinished.“MyhusbandsawthephotopopuponRyan’saccountandwentupthestairsinseconds,demandingthatheshouldtakeitdown,”Jennifersays.“Idon’tthinkmysonrealizedhowbadhispicturelooked.Hewastryingtobefunny,buthe’sinsixthgrade!Evenifhewassimplyposing,thatpicturewasinappropriate.”Withthepopularityofphoto-sharingsiteInstagram,it’seasyforparentstohaveafalsesenseofsecurity.UnlikeFacebookorTwitter,Instagramisonlyforpostingpicturesandwiththe13+agerequirementandprivacyfeature,soitseemslikeanalmostharmlesssiteforchildren.Howmuchtroublecouldtheystirup?Butthat’snotthefact.Shockingly,somekidsarepayingforattentiononsocialmedia.WhenPaulaPryorfoundamysterious$700chargeonhercreditcard,thelastthingshesuspectedittobewaspaymenttoacompanythathelpedacquire“likes”onInstagrampictures.“MysonHaydenthoughtitwasonlytendollars,butitwastendollarsper‘like’,”saysPryor.Often,it’snotyourownteenthat’scauseforconcern—it’ssomeoneelse’skid.MeganKostercouldn’tfigureoutwhyherdaughterDelaneysuddenlybecamesoanxiousaboutwhetherherpantylinecouldbeseenthroughherjeans.Finally,DelaneysaidthatshewasworriedsomeonewouldtakeaphotoandpostitonInstagram.“Idon’tthinkIwouldhavesurvivedmiddleschoolifsiteslikethishadexistedbackthen,”Kostersays.4．WhatmadeJenniferthinkhersonRyancouldhaveanInstagramaccount?A．Hegainedpopularityinschool. B．HewasskilledatusingInstagram.C．Heshowedinterestintakingphotos. D．Hewasoldenoughandbehavedwell.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A．Instagramaccounts. B．Socialmedia. C．Pictures. D．Children.6．WhydidPryor’ssonpaythecompany$700?A．Toobtainthepictureheliked. B．Topayattentiontosocialmedia.C．Togethisphotosnoticedandliked. D．Topaythechargeonhiscreditcard.7．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Teen’sproblemswithInstagram. B．Inappropriatepicturesfromchildren.C．TheinfluenceoftheInternetonyoungusers. D．ConcernsfortheInternetsecurityforchildren.CResearchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,adevelopmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetterspatialandtemporal(时间的)coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon’tprovideaviewofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.“Ifwecollectandprocessmorehigh-resolution(高清)spatialinformationaboutwhat’shappeningontheroads,thenplannerscouldbetterunderstandchangesindemand,effectivelyimprovingefficiencyinthebroadertransportationsystem,”saidKeithRedmill,leadauthorofthestudy.“Ifwecanmeasuretrafficinawaythatisasgoodorbetterthanwhatisconventionallydonewithfixedsensors,thenwewillhavecreatedsomethingincrediblyusefulextremelycheaply,”hesaid.“Ourgoalistostartbuildingasystemthatcoulddothiswithoutmuchmanualinterventionbecauseifyouwanttocollectthisinformationoverlotsofpotentialvehiclesandlotsoftime,it’sworthfullyautomatingthatprocess.”Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation(实施),thestudysuggeststhesystem’sresultsbearpromiseforthefutureofintelligenttrafficsurveillance.Transportationplanners,engineersandoperatorsmakevitaldecisionsaboutthefutureofourroadways,sowhendesigningtransportationsystemstoworkoverthenext30to50years,it’snecessarythatwegivethemdatathatallowsthemtoimprovetheefficiencyofthesystemandthelevelofserviceprovidedtotravelers.8．Howcancamerasonbusesbenefittravelers?A．Byshorteningtheirtraveltime.B．Bymakingtheirschedulestight.C．Bydecreasingtheirtransportcost.D．Byimprovingtheirsafetyawareness.9．Whatcanweknowaboutthesensorsplacedonbuses?A．Theyprovidemorespatialcoverage.B．Theycan’tdetectobjectsontheroad.C．Theycoverlessviewoftheurbantraffic.D．Theyaccuratelyrecordtheflowoftraffic.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surveillance”inparagraph6mean?A．Operation. B．Monitoring. C．Protection. D．Arrangement.11．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TransportationautomationisonitswayB．ItistimetoimprovetheefficiencyoftrafficsystemC．TransportationplannersusecamerastomakepoliciesD．CamerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretrafficDWeoftenthinkaboutrelationshipsonascalefrompositivetonegative.Wearedrawntolovingfamilymembers,caringclassmatesandsupportivementors.Wedoourbesttoavoidthecrueluncle,theplaygroundbullyandthejerkboss.Butthemosttoxicrelationshipsaren’tthepurelynegativeones.They’retheonesthatareamixofpositiveandnegative.Weoftencallthemfrenemies,supposedfriendswhosometimeshelpyouandsometimeshurtyou.Butifsnotjustfriends.It’sthein-lawswhovolunteertowatchyourkidsbutbelittleyourparenting.Themanagerwhopraisesyourworkbutdeniesyouapromotion.Everyoneknowshowrelationshipslikethatcantieyourstomachintoaknot.ButgroundbreakingresearchledbythepsychologistsBertUchinoandJulianneHolt-Lunstadshowsthatambivalent(矛盾情绪的)relationshipscanbedamagingtoyourhealth—evenmorethanpurelynegativerelationships.Ihadassumedthatwithaneighbororacolleague,havingsomepositiveinteractionswasbetterthanallnegativeinteractions.Butbeingcheeredonbythesamepersonwhocutsyoudowndoesn’treducethebadfeelings;itincreasesthem.Andit’snotjustinyourhead:Itleavesatraceinyourheartandyourblood.Evenasingleambivalentinteractioncancauseharm.Inoneexperiment,peoplegaveimpromptuspeechesoncontroversialtopicsinfrontofafriendwhoofferedfeedback.Theresearchershadrandomlyassignedthefriendtogiveambivalentornegativecomments.Receivingmixedfeedbackcausedhigherbloodpressurethanpurecriticism.“Iwouldhavegoneaboutthetopicdifferently,butyou’redoingfine”provedtobemoredistressingthan“Itotallydisagreewitheverythingyou’vesaid.”Theevidencethatambivalentrelationshipscanbebadforusisstrong,butthereasonscanbehardertoread—justliketherelationshipsthemselves.Themostintuitivereasonisthatambivalentrelationshipsareunpredictable.Withaclearenemy,youputupashieldwhenyoucrosspaths.Withafrenemy,youneverknowwhetherDr.JekyllorMr.Hydeisgoingtoshowup.Feelingunsurecandisruptthebody’scalmingsystemandactivateafight-or-flightresponse.It’sunsettlingtohopeforahugwhilealsopreparingforalikelyquarrel.Anotherfactoristhatunpleasantinteractionsaremorepainfulinanambivalentrelationship.It’smoreupsettingtobeletdownbypeopleyoulikesometimesthanbypeopleyoudislikeallthetime.Whensomeonestabsyouintheback,itstingsmoreifhe’sbeenfriendlytoyourface.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbecountedasafrenemy?A．Yourneighbour’skidwhoadvisesyoutostudyhardbutidlesawayhisowntime.B．Yourclassmatewhoadmiresyourdiligenceatfirst,butdoubtsyourintelligencelater.C．Yourmother’sfriendwhoencouragesyoutospendmoretimeonhomeworkbutlessonsmartphones.D．Yourfather’scolleaguewhoproposesyoutodoamoderateamountofhomeworkwhileensuringadequatesleep.13．Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Ambivalentrelationshipshaveapermanenteffectonyourwell-being.B．Thecommoncauseforhighbloodpressureisambivalentrelationship.C．Ambivalentinteractionswillbemorepainfulifitisdoneconsciously.D．Thenegativeimpactofambivalentinteractionsisdirectandstrong.14．Theunderlinedword“belittle”inparagraph2probablymeans______.A．devalue B．appreciate C．respect D．abuse15．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SomeNegativeRelationshipsAreBadforYourHealthB．YourMostAmbivalentRelationshipsAretheMostToxicC．TheReasonsforAmbivalentRelationshipsAreUnpredictableD．SomePositiveRelationshipsAreBetterthanAllNegativeOnes第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatarethehealthbenefitsofrootvegetables?Rootvegetablesaregoodforyourdigestion.TherecommendeddailyfibreintakeintheUKis30g.Here’swhererootvegetablessuchassweetpotatoes,onions,turnips,parsnipsandswedecomein—they’rerichinfibre.16Orange-colouredvegetablesboostyourimmunity.Thesefoods,knownascarotenoids(类胡萝卜素),areagreatsourceofvitaminsAandC．17Otherwise,youwillcatchacoldeasily.Carrotscanprotectagainstthesun.18Butdidyouknowtheyalsoofferyourskinsomeprotectionagainstsunburn?Accordingtoameta-analysisofsevenstudies,beta-carotenesupplementationovertenweeksappearedtohaveaprotectiveeffect.Butdon’tusethemasasubstituteforahighSPFsunscreen!19InastudyspanningeightEuropeancountries,peoplewhoatethemostrootvegetableshada13percentlowerriskofdevelopingtype2diabetescomparedwiththosewhoconsumedtheleast.Thesevegetablesaregoodforhearthealth.Highcholesterol(胆固醇)canleadtoheartproblems.Studieshaveshowngarliccanreducecholesterol.20Rootvegetables’highfibrecontentalsohelpslowerbloodpressureaswellascholesterol.A．It’satruththatcarrotsaregoodforeyes.B．Theycouldreduceyourpressureindailylife.C．Theflavorsoftherootvegetablesarevarious.D．Rootvegetablescouldreduceyourriskofdiabetes.E．Thesesupportyourimmunesystemandhelppreventcelldamage.F．Fibrehelpsusmaintainahealthyweightandmightevenprotectagainstbowelcancer.G．Anothershowseating200gofrawcarroteachdayforthreeweeksreducesitby11percent.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In9thgrade,Ijoinedamilitarytraining(军训)camp.Thespecialeye-openerforcedmyfriendsaway,whowere21tobeawayfromtheirfamilieswhileIturnedexcitedatthe22.Inthecamp,the23wasthefirstchallenge.Honestly,Istartedtobe24tomyparents,whohadinsistedondoingmypartathome.It’snotaseasyasitsounds.Nottomention,theyhadtodoeverythingthemselves,fromdishesto25,foruswithoutcomplaint.Butinthecamp,wegotonly20minutesduringthebreaktomakeourbeds,sweeptheflooranddothewashing.Besides,fromthemomentIarrived,thecampimpressedmemostwithasenseof26.Thedayswerelonganddemanding,filledwith27designedtopushustoourlimits.Wehada(n)28instructorwhistlingloudlyat5a.m.WakenupearlyoncoldDecembermornings,wewere29torunfourlapsbeforebreakfast.Itwasareal30.Ifonefailed,thewholeteamgottwomorelaps.Gradually,thepain31.LaterinthemountainclimbingcompetitionwithBoyTeam,weGirlTeamwasthechampion!Afterthosefreezingmornings,we32it.Eachmemberofourteamworkedsohardonourskills.33,thesharedexperiencestaughtusalessonof34.Wereliedoneachotherforsupport.Overall,theexperience,likethesuninthatwinter,warmsmyheartand35myway.21．A．eager B．pleased C．afraid D．hesitated22．A．potential B．adventure C．campaign D．gathering23．A．homesickness B．routine C．standard D．housework24．A．grateful B．pitiful C．respectful D．devoted25．A．washing B．workout C．schedules D．relationships26．A．boredom B．urgency C．security D．discipline27．A．systems B．strategies C．challenges D．tracks28．A．enthusiastic B．strict C．considerate D．responsible29．A．commanded B．advised C．expected D．persuaded30．A．treat B．thrill C．struggle D．shame31．A．easedup B．paidoff C．fadedaway D．camealong32．A．took B．meant C．got D．made33．A．Furthermore B．Still C．However D．Anyway34．A．sportsmanship B．teamwork C．friendship D．order35．A．changes B．follows C．lights D．clears第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheGoddessoftheLuoRivercomesaliveinavideo,whichwassharedbyHenanTVStationonsocialmediaplatformSinaWeibo.Theancienttaleofromanceisgiven36newsettingandstillprovidesattractiveviewingforamodernaudience.Thetaleispresentedinwhatseemslikeslowmotion.Not37(surprise),itbecamepopularandhasbeenviewedmorethan20milliontimes.ThestoryoftheGoddessoftheLuoRiverhasbeentheinspirationforcountlesscontemporaryartists,38havedescribedthegoddessofunmatchedbeautythroughvariousart39(form),likemoviesanddancedramas.Butthereasonwhythevideo,whichrunsforaroundtwominutesand40(title)RhapsodyontheLuoRiverGoddess,createdsuchanimpressionandhasgeneratedsuchawave41publicityisthatitwasshotunderwater.HeHaohaoplaystheroleofgoddess.Shemastersnotonlyherartbutthetechniqueofholdingherbreathasherlungsstruggle42(carry)outtheirfunction.Allthisisdonewiththe43(peaceful)facialexpression.It’snotthefirsttimethatHenanTVStation44(gain)attentionwithitsappealingvideoshighlightingtraditionalChineseculture.OnFeb.13th,2021,adancepiece,titledATangDynastyBanquet,whichislessthansixminuteslong,wasstagedduringagala45(air)onHenanTVStationtomarkSpringFestival.第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，上周末参加了学校举办的书法讲座。现在你打算给英文校刊投稿，分享活动心得。内容包括：1.讲座时间和地点：2.讲座内容；3.你的感想。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使其构成一篇完整的短文。“Hi,Connie.”Mysister-in-law’sfamiliarbrightandclearvoicegreetedmefromtheotherendofthephonelineearlyoneMondayafternoon.“MomandIjustfinishedbakingbananabread,andwe’dlovetobringyououtawarmloaf.Canyouhavethecoffeeoninhalfanhour?”Sincethoughtsofmymother-in-law’sfreshlybakedbananabreadcloudedmysensibilitiesandmademeunabletothinkofanexcuse,Irepliedinmycheeriestvoice,“Ofcourse,comeonup.I’llbehere!”WhatwasIthinking?Ican’tletmymother-in-lawseethehouselikethis!She’sundertheimpressionthatI’mperfect.Ihadtoattempttocleanthehousewithinthirtyminutes.Thepastweek,however,hadbeenevenbusierthanusualwithrunningmyfiveveryactivekidsbackandforthforextra-curricularactivities.Asaresult,thehousewasneglected.Toaddtomyawkwardsituation,Ihadspentthemorningsittinginthegardendrinkingcoffeeinanefforttorecoverfromtherushedweekendofactivities.ButItoldmyself,“Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.ThenIputmywordsintoaction!Icleanedupthekitchenintenminutes.Thingswerelookinggood,andIstillhadtwentyminutesremaining.Iquicklysweptthelivingroom,throwingtoysintothetoyboxasIworkedmywayacrossthefloor.Glancingattheclockonmywayupstairstothekids’bedrooms,IwasrelievedtofindIhadfiveminutestospare.Thatgavemejustenoughtimetotidyupthebathroomandrunabrushthroughmyhair.Whew!Ididit!Iputonafreshpotofcoffee,andsincemyguestshadn’tyetarrived,IdecidedtowipeoffthechickeneggsIhadgatheredaftertakingthekidstothebusstop.Itwouldbeanicegesturetogivethemsomeeggsinreturnforthebananabread.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。IwasfinishingthelasteggwhenIheardaknockatthedoorbehindme.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Butthatsmilewasshort-livedwhenmyoldestsonranthroughthefrontdoor.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案：1．A2．A3．C【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一些适合高中生的STEM夏令营。1．细节理解题。根据FutureMattersProgram部分中“Thisisahands-onprogramforstudentsinterestedingoingafteracareerinmedicalresearch.(这是一个为有兴趣从事医学研究的学生提供的实践性课程)”可知，该项目适合想要成为医生的学生。故选A。2．理解理解题。根据SimonsSummerResearch部分中“Studentswillhavetheopportunitytoparticipateinspecialworkshops,toursandeventsfreeofcharge.(学生将有机会免费参加特别的研讨会、参观和活动)”和ResearchScienceInstitute部分中“Itisthefirstcost-freesummerprogramofitskind.(这是首个此类免费暑期课程)”可知，这两个项目的共同点是都免费。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据PrograminMathforYoungScientists部分中“Unlikecommonprograms,itoffersagreatdealofindependenceforstudentstochoosetheirownschedulesanddecidewhattheywanttostudy.(与普通课程不同的是，它为学生提供了很大的独立性，可以选择自己的时间表并决定他们想学什么)”可知，该项目的特殊之处在于它允许定制个人的时间表。故选C。4．D5．D6．C7．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了青少年使用Instagram所带来的一些问题。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Ryanisagoodkid.Hegetsgreatgrades,heplayslacrosse(长曲棍球),andheiswell-liked.SoJenniferandherhusbanddidn’tseeanyreasonwhytheirsixth-gradesoncouldn’thaveanInstagramaccount,untilRyanpostedaphotoofhimselfholdinganemptybeerbottlethathisfatherhadjustfinished.(赖安是个好孩子。他成绩很好，他打长曲棍球，他很受欢迎。所以詹妮弗和她的丈夫不明白为什么他们六年级的儿子不能有一个Instagram账户，直到瑞恩发了一张他拿着一个空啤酒瓶的照片，他的父亲刚刚喝完)”可知，Ryan年龄够大并且表现得很好让Jennifer认为她的儿子Ryan可以有一个Instagram账号。故选D。5．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“UnlikeFacebookorTwitter,Instagramisonlyforpostingpicturesandwiththe13+agerequirementandprivacyfeature,soitseemslikeanalmostharmlesssiteforchildren.”可知，与Facebook或Twitter不同，Instagram仅用于发布照片，并且有13岁以上的年龄要求和隐私功能，因此对儿童来说，它似乎是一个几乎无害的网站。由此可知，“他们能挑起多少麻烦？”中的they指的是“孩子们”。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据第三段“WhenPaulaPryorfoundamysterious$700chargeonhercreditcard,thelastthingshesuspectedittobewaspaymenttoacompanythathelpedacquire“likes”onInstagrampictures.(当宝拉·普赖尔在自己的信用卡上发现一笔700美元的神秘费用时，她万万没想到这是支付给一家帮助获得Instagram照片“赞”的公司的款项)”可知，普赖尔的儿子付给公司700美元是为了让他的照片受到关注和喜欢。故选C。7．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Withthepopularityofphoto-sharingsiteInstagram,it’seasyforparentstohaveafalsesenseofsecurity.UnlikeFacebookorTwitter,Instagramisonlyforpostingpicturesandwiththe13+agerequirementandprivacyfeature,soitseemslikeanalmostharmlesssiteforchildren.Howmuchtroublecouldtheystirup?Butthat’snotthefact.(随着照片分享网站Instagram的普及，家长们很容易产生一种虚假的安全感。与Facebook或Twitter不同，Instagram仅用于发布照片，并且有13岁以上的年龄要求和隐私功能，因此对儿童来说，它似乎是一个几乎无害的网站。他们能挑起多少麻烦？但事实并非如此)”可知，文章主要说明了青少年使用Instagram所带来的一些问题。故选A。8．A9．C10．B11．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Researchershaveproposedanovelmethodforcountingandtrackingvehiclesonpublicroads,adevelopmentthatcouldimprovecurrenttrafficsystemsandhelptravelersgettotheirdestinationsfaster.(研究人员提出了一种计算和跟踪公共道路上车辆的新方法，这一发展可以改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地)”可知，研究人员提出的是一种新的方法即在巴士上的摄像头能够帮助旅行者更快的到达目的地，即缩短出行时间。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inpreviousstudies,OhioStateresearchersfoundthatusingthesemobilecamerasprovidesmuchbetterspatialandtemporal(时间的)coveragethanrelyingonoftentemporarilyplacedsensorsthatdon’tprovideaviewofmanystreetsandroadsinacity.(在之前的研究中，俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员发现，使用这些移动摄像头可以提供更好的空间和时间覆盖，而不是依赖于通常临时放置的传感器，这些传感器不能提供城市中许多街道和道路的视图)”可知，安装在公交车上的传感器不能提供城市中许多道路和街道的视图。由此推知，它们对城市交通的覆盖较少。故选C。10．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.(俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及划线词前面的内容“Whilestillalongwayfromtotalimplementation(实施),thestudysuggeststhesystem’sresultsbearpromiseforthefuture...(虽然距离全面实施还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来充满希望…)”可知，安装在公交车上的摄像头能够自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆，虽然距离全面实施这项技术还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来的交通监控室充满希望的。故划线词与B选项“Monitoring.(监控)”为同义词。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据第二段“UsingthecamerasalreadyinstalledoncampusbusesattheOhioStateUniversity,researchersprovedthattheycouldautomaticallyandaccuratelymeasurecountsofvehiclesonurbanroadways,detectobjectsintheroadanddistinguishparkedvehiclesfromthosethataremoving.(俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员利用已经安装在校园公交车上的摄像头，证明了它们可以自动准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是研究人员提出了一种新方法来统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。由此可知，D选项“Camerasinstalledonbusescanbettermeasuretraffic(安装在公交车上的摄像头可以更好地测量交通状况)”概括文章主要内容，符合文章标题。故选D。12．B13．D14．A15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。这种关系被称为“亦敌亦友”的关系，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They’retheonesthatareamixofpositiveandnegative.Weoftencallthemfrenemies,supposedfriendswhosometimeshelpyouandsometimeshurtyou.Butifsnotjustfriends.It’sthein-lawswhovolunteertowatchyourkidsbutbelittleyourparenting.Themanagerwhopraisesyourworkbutdeniesyouapromotion.(他们是一种混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。我们通常称他们为“亦敌亦友”，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。但不仅仅是朋友。还有那些自愿帮你照顾孩子但却轻视你育儿方法的姻亲，还有那些赞美你的工作但却不给你晋升机会的经理。)”可知，“亦敌亦友”的人指的是有时候帮助你，有时候伤害你的关系。选项B“Yourclassmatewhoadmiresyourdiligenceatfirst,butdoubtsyourintelligencelater.(你的同学，一开始钦佩你的勤奋，但后来怀疑你的智力。)”符合这一表述。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Butbeingcheeredonbythesamepersonwhocutsyoudowndoesn’treducethebadfeelings;itincreasesthem.Andit’snotjustinyourhead:Itleavesatraceinyourheartandyourblood.(但是，被击倒你的同一个人鼓舞并不能减少你的不良情绪；它增加了它们。它不仅存在于你的头脑中，还会在你的心脏和血液中留下痕迹。)”以及文章第五段“Evenasingleambivalentinteractioncancauseharm.Inoneexperiment,peoplegaveimpromptuspeechesoncontroversialtopicsinfrontofafriendwhoofferedfeedback.Theresearchershadrandomlyassignedthefriendtogiveambivalentornegativecomments.Receivingmixedfeedbackcausedhigherbloodpressurethanpurecriticism.“Iwouldhavegoneaboutthetopicdifferently,butyou’redoingfine”provedtobemoredistressingthan“Itotallydisagreewitheverythingyou’vesaid.”(即使是一个矛盾的相互作用也会造成伤害。在一项实验中，人们在一位朋友面前就有争议的话题即兴演讲，这位朋友提供反馈。研究人员随机安排这位朋友给出矛盾或负面的评论。接受褒贬不一的反馈比接受纯粹的批评更容易导致高血压。比起“我完全不同意你所说的一切”，“我本来可以换个方式来讨论这个话题，但是你做得很好”被证明更令人沮丧。)”可推测，矛盾相互作用的负面影响是直接的，强烈的。故选D。14．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“Themanagerwhopraisesyourworkbutdeniesyouapromotion.(表扬你的工作却不给你升职的经理。)”可知，这类人帮助你又会贬低你。划线单词上文“watchyourkids”是帮助，由此可推测，划线单词的意思和“批评”相似。选项A“devalue(贬低)”；选项B“appreciate(欣赏)”；选项C“respect(尊重)”；选项D“abuse(滥用)”。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Everyoneknowshowrelationshipslikethatcantieyourstomachintoaknot.ButgroundbreakingresearchledbythepsychologistsBertUchinoandJulianneHolt-Lunstadshowsthatambivalent(矛盾情绪的)relationshipscanbedamagingtoyourhealth—evenmorethanpurelynegativerelationships.(每个人都知道这样的关系会让你的胃打个结。但由心理学家BertUchino和JulianneHolt-Lunstad领导的开创性研究表明，矛盾的关系可能对你的健康有害——