（江苏专用）高三英语二轮复习 第一部分 A 核心考点(核心 规律 技巧)小试身手

A核心考点(核心/规律/技巧)A1定语从句考纲解读考纲要求考生掌握定语从句中各关系代词、关系副词的用法；能区分定语从句和名词性从句，特别是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。考情解读考点题量分布定语从句全国各地高考200813200916201012201116201214趋势解读1．作为必考点，定语从句基础题目考查普通的关系词在从句中作状语或定语。2．难度题目考查介词提前的定语从句或关系词指代整个句子等比较复杂的结构。3．高档题目考查定语从句间隔，定语从句与强调句结合，定语从句与名词性从句结合。Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders________consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A．whereB．whenC．whoD．which易误选C、B定语从句后移现象，cases为先行词。选A，意为在这些案例中。学生会误以为readers为先行词，误选C或误将其视为状语从句，误选B。Theletterwehadbeenlookingforwardto________atlast.A．cameB．comeC．comingD．comes易误选C、B选A。定语从句分割主句，theletter为先行词，其后省略which/that定语从句引导词(作lookforwardto的宾语)，利用to对后面造成干扰，极易误选C、B。答案为A。Formanycitiesintheworld，thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther，________NewYorkisanexample.A．forwhichB．inwhichC．ofwhichD．fromwhich易误选B先行词为cities，逻辑为部分与整体关系，故选ofwhich，先行词与定语从句被一些成分间隔，难度加大，学生会误以为world为先行词而选B。Occasionsarerare________Icanspendawholedaywithmyfamily.A．whenB．whereC．whichD．that易误选B、D定语从句后移现象，occasions为先行词，学生会从其汉语翻译“场合”，误认为是表地点，其实表时间，故选A。—WheredidyougettoknowJane?—Itwasonthefarm________weworkedtogether.A．thatB．whereC．whichD．/易误选A定语从句与强调句型结合，后面根据上下语境省略强调句thatIgottoknowJane，选B。常考Itis/was强调部分(介词短语，表地点)________……定语从句(that...强调句……)。学生会误以为前面部分为强调句。Mrs.Blacktookthepolicetothesameplace________shewitnessedtherobbery.A．asB．whereC．thatD．when易误选A出于思维定势，学生会误选as，其实此处为定语从句，而非状语从句。正确答案为B。—It'sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.—ButIstillrememberthestory，believeitornot，________wegotlostonarainynight.A．whichB．thatC．whatD．when易误选D涉及定语从句与同位语从句的鉴别，又有believeitornot插入语干扰，更增加了难度，学生会误把其当作定语从句而误选D。正确答案为B。基础盘点eq\a\vs4\al(定语从句)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(which/that（关系代词）从句,who/whom（关系代词）从句,whose（关系形容词）从句,when/where/why（关系副词）从句,that（关系副词）,which/as非限制性定语从句)) 热门考点1．which/as非限制性定语从句；2．介词＋which/whom定语从句(介词选择)；3．与定语从句相关的“分隔”现象；4．whose定语从句；5．that(关系副词)定语从句；6．高频抽象先行词；7．与其它性质从句或强调句结合；8．as相关定语从句；9．定语从句与同位语从句鉴别。关注节点4“热”eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(2,4,6,7))2“难”eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(3,8))热点1·1(2012·北京卷)Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．when答案B[根据句子的结构可知，题干中含有一个非限制性定语从句，指代上文所述内容，故选which。]①Shepassedthedrivingtest，________surprisedeveryone.A．whatB．thatC．whichD．who答案C[考查非限制性定语从句。指代上文所述内容，故选which。]②Janeseemsfriendlytoall，________everybodyknows.A．whatB．thatC．asD．which答案C[as代替主句在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，故选C。],whicheq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(代替先行词,代替主句或部分))在非限制性定语从句作主语、宾语。as代替主句或部分在非限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。※1.which从句常表示主句造成的结果，相当于“andthat...”而as从句常译为“像……一样”。2．as若在从句中作主语，从句谓语必有be参与。3．as从句可在主句前、主句中、主句后三种位置，而which从句只在主句后。热点1·2(2011·江西卷)Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum，theconstruction________hadtakenmorethan3years.A．forwhichB．withwhichC．ofwhichD．towhich答案C[theconstructionofwhich(themuseum)构成逻辑动宾关系。]①Forsomecountriesintheworld，itisquiteusualtoexperienceearthquakes，________Japanisanexample.A．forwhichB．ofwhichC．inwhichD．fromwhich答案B[考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为countries，代入为Japanisanexampleofwhich(somecountriesintheworld)。为整体与部分的关系。]②Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，________hewenttoBeijing.A．afterwhichB．afterthatC．inwhichD．inthat答案A[考查非限制性定语从句。hewenttoBeijingafterwhich(hewaseducated)，考查介宾搭配。],介词＋which/whom结构1．介词＋which/whom2．介词短语＋which/whom3．介词＋which/whom＋名词4．the＋名词＋of＋which/whom5．表示部分的词语＋of＋which/whom使用代入法(将先行词代入从句)考查介宾搭配。热点1·3①(2011·天津卷)Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A．whenB．thatC．whereD．which答案A[thedays为先行词，属定语从句后移现象。]②(山东卷)Thecountrylifeheisusedto________greatlysince1992.A．changeB．changingC．havechangedD．haschanged答案D[(which/that)heisusedto为定语从句，分割主句，其宾语为life与后面无结构联系。]①Helaughsbest________laughslast.A．whichB．thatC．/D．who答案D[此题为定语从句后移现象，who代替先行词he。故选D。]②Withallheneeded________，heleft.A．buyB．tobuyC．boughtD．buying答案C[考查动词的过去分词。以定语从句heneeded为干扰，极易误选D。]③Thisisthebestwayhecanthinkof________theproblems.A．solveB．tosolveC．solvedD．solving答案B[考查动词不定式。以定语从句thinkof为干扰，极易误选D。]④Hebroughtoutallhecould________us.A．helpB．tohelpC．helpedD．helping答案B[考查动词不定式。以定语从句allhecould为干扰，极易误选D。],英语常考4种分隔1．主语(名词/代词)＋谓语eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(vi.,beadj./p.p))＋定语从句/同位语从句……(从句后移现象)2．名词/代词＋(which/that)＋定语从句的主语＋定语从句的谓语eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(vi.＋介词,be＋adj./p.p＋介词,情态动词＋（do）,特殊用法,动词))eq\a\vs4\al(考查动,词形式)3．定语从句和先行词分隔Hewastheonlypersonintheofficewhowasinvited.4．定语从句引导词与定语从句其它部分分隔Thescientistmadeanotherdiscovery，which，Ithink，isvital.※造成3与4分隔多为插入语(1)介词短语如bytheway；(2)副词如however，personally；(3)不定式短语如totellthetruth；(4)分词如considering；(5)整个句子如Ithink...热点1·4(陕西卷)Themanpulledoutagoldwatch，________weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A．thehandsofwhomB．whomthehandsofC．whichthehandsofD．thehandsofwhich答案D[先行词为watch与hands为修饰限定关系，相当于whosehands。]Manychildren，________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A．theirB．whoseC．ofwhomD．withwhom答案B[先行词为children,whoseparents相当于theparentsofwhom。],whose＋n.＝限定词＋n.＋of＋which/whom＝ofwhich/whom＋限定词＋n.※1.限定词常为the；2．此类题目关键在于名词前是否有限定词出现。热点1·5(湖北卷)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.A．thewayB．inthewaythatC．inthewayD．thewaywhich答案A[先行词theway在定语从句中作状语，that相当于inwhich已省略。]①Youshouldtreathertheway________suitshermost.A．whatB．whichC．/D．inwhich答案B[先行词theway在定语从句中作主语，故选B。]②It'shightime________hesetoffrightnow.A．whichB．/C．thatD．when答案B[考查虚拟语气。It'shightime(that)．..，that省略。]③Itwasmy3rdtimeI________here.A．cameB．comeC．hascomeD．hadcome答案D[Itbeone's/the序数词time(that)定语从句(完成时态)为固定用法，故选D。]④________themoment________hesawme，heranoff.A．At；/B．/；thatC．/；/D．At；that答案C[Atthemoment/second/instant/minutethat...，此题省略At,that，答案为C。]⑤________thefirsttime________Imether，shewasalittlegirl.A．For；/B．/；thatC．/；/D．For；that答案C[Forthe序数词timethat...为固定搭配，for,that省略，最佳答案为C。],1．way作先行词并且在定语从句中作状语，常用关系副词that引导定语从句(that亦常省略，相当于inwhich)。※但way若被thesame、such等修饰，此种情况常用as。2．表时刻的名词，如moment，second等和time作先行词并且在定语从句中作状语，定语从句常用that引导(that亦常省略)。(1)Itbetime(时间)(that)定语从句(虚拟语气)Itistime(that)Ileftnow.(2)Itbeone's/the序数词time(that)定语从句(完成时态)(3)．..atthemoment/second/instant/minutethat...定语从句→themoment/instant/second/minute(时间状语从句引导词)(4)forthe序数词timethat...定语从句→the序数词time...(时间状语从句引导词)热点1·6(浙江卷)Ihavereachedapointinmylife________Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A．whichB．whereC．howD．why答案B[point为先行词，表示抽象地点在定语从句中作状语，故选where，相当于atwhich。]Thepilotgotintoadangeroussituation________hemightlosecontrolovertheplane.A．whichB．whereC．howD．why答案B[situation为先行词，在定语从句中作状语，故选where。],常考特殊先行词case，situation，point，condition，activity，degree，常考其在从句中作状语，用where引导，而occasion表时间，常考在定语从句中作状语，用when引导。热点1·7(山东卷)—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm________weworked.A．thatB．thereC．whichD．where答案D[thatIgottoknowher在上下文中省略，farm为先行词，whereweworked为定语从句。]—SoyouhavemetMaria?—Yes，itwaslastweek________weattendedJack'sparty.A．whereB．whenC．thatD．why答案B[thatwemetMaria在上下文中省略，lastweek为先行词。],近年常考查形式Itbe介词短语(地点/时间)，考查定语从句(that强调句……)常在上下语境中省略。※(1)在该句型中介词短语(时间)是考查趋势。(2)要注意情况变化。热点1·8(陕西卷)Hisplanwassuchagoodone________weallagreedtoaccept.A．soB．andC．thatD．as答案D[题干是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词被such修饰，所以应用as引导。]Theteacherraisedsodifficultaquestion________nonecouldanswer.A．thatB．whatC．asD．which答案C[考查定语从句的复合结构，先行词被so修饰，所以应用as引导。],1．thesame...as，such...as，as...as，so...as结构中，as可作主语、宾语、表语代替先行词。此种情况与状语从句区别关键是从句主语、宾语、表语等主干结构是否健全，若健全，为状语从句，否则为定语从句。2．as代替主句或部分，见热点1·1。热点1·9(2012·江苏卷)Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon______themeetingwouldbepostponed.A．whenB．thatC．whetherD．how答案B[同位语从句后移现象，thatthemeetingwouldbepostponed解释notice的内容。]①Theview________manyscientistsholdis________toomuchemissionofcarbondioxideisdestructive.A．that；thatB．that；whichC．which；whichD．that；what答案A[考查定语从句、同位语从句。]②(天津卷)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A．thatB．whoseC．thoseD．what答案B[whose引导定语从句，表示effects与partofSoutheastAsia是所属关系。]③(上海卷)Ifashophaschairs________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where答案D[where引导定语从句。先行词chairs表示地点，所以要用where引导。],定语从句、同位语从句结构相同之处……名词/代词＋从句……鉴别办法1．中间加be法即在名词和从句之间加入be的合适形式(句子其它部分不予理会)，逻辑成立，为同位语从句，反之为定语从句。Isharetheviewthateveryoneshouldbeequal.中间加beTheviewisthateveryoneshouldbeequal.逻辑成立，that从句为同位语从句。2．代入法即将名词代入从句，可直接作主语、宾语、表语或加上介词可作适当成分(句子其它部分不予理会)，若可以，为定语从句，反之为同位语从句。Isharetheviewwhichisfresh.将名词代入从句Theviewisfresh.view在从句中作主语，which从句为定语从句。“八招”破解定语从句一、认识主句结构主句结构完整，定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。二、避免成分重复在定语从句中，不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，关系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等；关系副词通常充当状语。因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重复的成分。三、确定句子成分首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容；其次，根据定语从句中所缺少的成分，分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，然后选出正确的选项。四、弄清逻辑线索在突破有关“介词＋关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时，一方面，分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面，要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词——介词——先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。五、“分隔式”定语从句先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时，应先把“分隔”成分分离出来，简化题干结构，再分析解答。六、留心标点符号有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义，对正确掌握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。七、注意三大从句的区别定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。八、弄清位置和意义在as或which引导的定语从句中，要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置；注意两者在翻译时的不同表达。提示课后完成《语法对点强化训练1、2》A2名词性从句考纲解读掌握名词性从句的基本知识，能区分定语从句和名词性从句，特别是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。考情解读考点题量年份名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句20085311200927042010211302011562320126503趋势解读1．名词性从句是复合句结构、分类最为复杂的部分，高考热点之一；2．连接词辨析，从句语序，有关名词性从句的句型考查较多；3．近年阅读材料，尤其科普类文章出现的长句中多含有名词性从句，对理解造成障碍。ItisveryhardforMarytoworktherefor________shedoescan'tsatisfyherboss.A．whatB．whateverC．whichD．whichever易误选A学生认为后面主语从句缺少宾语，并且也没有范围要求，易误选A，正确答案为B，whatever相当于anythingthat。—Whatmadeherupset?—________shelostherbike.A．ThatB．\C．WhichD．Because易误选D、B学生极易根据汉语思维，误选D，此处考查主语从句，省略了后面部分，补全应为Thatshelostherbikemadeherupset，that虽只起引导作用，但不可缺少。正确答案为A。________we'llgocampingdependsonweather.A．WhichB．ThatC．IfD．Whether易误选C学生易从熟悉的宾语从句迁移，误选C，此处考查主语从句，if在名词性从句中只可引导宾语从句且有限制，正确答案为D。CouldIspeakto________isinchargeofInternationalSales,please?A．anyoneB．someoneC．whoeverD．nomatterwho易误选B、D学生易依据汉语思维，误选B，或不知何种从句而误选D。此处考查宾语从句，wh­ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句，而nomatterwh­只引导让步状语从句，正确答案C。________leaveslastshouldturnoffthelights.A．WhoB．WhomC．WhoeverD．Whomever易误选A学生观察到主语从句缺少主语，凭借所谓的“语感”而极易误选A。whoever/whomever从句此处表示“……的人”，who/whom从句意为“谁……”，表示一件事情。正确答案C。Idobelievehecanhelpmeoutand________hewillcometomyrescue.A.B．thatC．whatD．which易误选A学生极易根据that引导宾语从句常省略的惯例而误选A，此处考查多个that从句作同一动词的宾语，除第一个that可省外，其余均不可省，若设计于短文改错中，难度更大。正确答案B。Aschoolbuildingisbeingbuiltat________usedtobeachurch.A．whichB．thatC．whatD．where易误选D学生根据汉语逻辑“地方”而易误选where，此处考查宾语从句，缺主语，正确答案C。基础盘点1．名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。2．引导词eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(that,whether/if,wh­,wh­ever))3．as/if/asthough也可引导表语从句。 热门考点1．what/whatever从句；2．who/whom/whoever/whomever从句；3．what/which/whatever/whichever从句；4．wh­ever与nomatterwh­；5．it作形式主语或形式宾语；6．同位语从句的后移现象；7．名词性从句的语序；8．whether/if从句。 关注节点3“热”eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(1,2,8))2“难”eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(3,6))热点2·1(2012·辽宁卷)Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor________hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A．whereverB．howeverC．whateverD．whichever答案C[whatever在宾语从句中作find的宾语。](湖南卷)Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo________ittakestosaveherlife.A．whicheverB．howeverC．whateverD．whoever答案C[句意：她是我们心爱的宝贝。我们准备不惜一切代价挽救她的生命。do后的宾语从句缺宾语，故选whatever(＝anythingthat)，引导宾语从句，又作takes的宾语。],whatevereq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(nomatterwhat引导让步状语从句,anythingthat引导名词性从句))※在名词性从句中whatever语气强，一般相当于what，可被其代替。Hewilldowhat/whateverhecantohelpus.两者均可，whatever最佳。热点2·2(2012·福建卷)Wepromise________attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.A．whoB．whomC．whoeverD．whomever答案C[whoever在宾语从句中作主语，promisesbsth结构。]Theprizewillbegivento________performsbest.A．whoB．whomC．whoeverD．whomever答案C[whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whoever＝anyonewho。],whoever/whomevereq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(nomatterwho/whom,引导让步状语从句,anyonewho/whom,引导名词性从句))who/whomeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(引导定语从句,引导名词性从句))※whoever/whomever名词性从句表示“……的人”；who/whom名词性从句表示“谁……”一件事。热点2·3(2012·陕西卷)Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose________suitsyoubest.A．whateverB．whicheverC．wheneverD．wherever答案B[whichevercourse在宾语从句中作主语，course上下文中省略。]IwasinformedMr.BlackcamefromCambridgeorOxford________nowIcan'tremember.A．what B．whichC．where D．when答案B[这里主要考查where(what)还是which。思路是这样的，当有备选范围时，就用which，如果没有就用where或what，根据具体情况。如比较下列两句：a.Whatdoyouliketoreadinthelibrary?b．Therearesomanykindsofbooksinthelibrary,whichkinddoyouliketoreadbest？故本题选B。],whatever/whichevereq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(nomatterwhat/which,引导让步状语从句,相当于what/which,但语气强，引导名词性从句))※whateq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语,在名词性从句中作定语[what＋n./pron.],无范围))Idon'tknowwhatcolorshelikes.which在名词性从句中作定语[which＋n./pron.(单数)]有范围Somanybookshere,Idon'tknowwhichoneIshouldtake.热点2·4(2009·陕西卷)Thehow­tobookcanbeofhelpto________wantstodothejob.A．whoB．whomeverC．nomatterwhoD．whoever答案D[此处考查宾语从句，whoever在从句中作主语。]how­ever/what­ever的适当形式填空①________muchworkyoumustdo,youshouldhaveagoodrest.②________muchworkyoumustdocan'tpreventyoufromagoodsleep.③Youcanfetch________youlike.④Youcanfetchit________youlike.答案①However/nomatterhow②However③whatever④whatever/nomatterwhat,wh­evereq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(nomatterwh­引导让步状语从句,一般相当于wh­，引导名词性从句但语,气强))※who/whom/whoever/whomever除外鉴别办法：截枝法将从句去除，若主句主干结构[即主­谓­(宾)/主­系­表]完整，则考查状语从句(定语从句无wh­ever引导词，同位语从句wh­ever从未考查)；若主句结构不完整，则考查名词性从句。热点2·5(2011·江西卷)Whydon'tyoubring________tohisattentionthatyou'retooilltoworkon?A．thatB．itC．thisD．him答案B[it作形式宾语，thatyou'retooilltoworkon作真正宾语。]①(2012·江西卷)Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim________hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A．whetherB．whereC．whichD．that答案D[Itoccurredtosbthat...表示“某人想到……”。句意：他突然想到把钥匙落在办公室里了。it是形式主语，主语从句成分完整，不能用连接代词which引导；whether与where不符合句意。]②Wefeel________ourdutythatweshouldmakeourcountryabetterplace.A．itB．thisC．thatD．one答案A[it作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。],常见句型1.eq\a\vs4\al(It（形,式主语）)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beadj./p.p.,vi.,vt./n./pron.))＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo/that从句,wh­从句,doing（特殊句型）,（真正主语）))2．sb/sth＋v.＋it形式宾语adj./n....＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(todo/that从句,wh­从句,doing（特殊句型）,（真正宾语）))热点2·6(2012·重庆卷)Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy________children'searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhenthengrowup.A．whyB．howC．whetherD．that答案D[thatchildren'searly...growup是同位语从句，解释evidence内容，本句为同位语从句后移现象。](2011·辽宁卷)Whenthenewscame________thewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.A．sinceB．whichC．thatD．because答案C[句意：当传来战争爆发的消息的时候，他决定去参军。thewarbrokeout是news的具体内容，因此这是同位语从句，作news的同位语，且从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用连词that。that引导同位语从句虽不作任何成分，但不能省略。],同位语从句后移现象1．同位语从句为了句子结构平衡，从主句谓语之前移至主句谓语之后。2．定语从句后移现象与之极为类似，只是从句性质不同，详见定语从句热点1·3。热点2·7Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee________．A．whoisheB．whoheisC．whoisitD．whoitis答案D[考查宾语从句语序和it指代人的用法。]①HelooksupsetbutIdon'tknow________withhim.A．whatisthematterB．whatthematterisC．whatthematterwasD．whatwasmatter答案A[考查从句语序。whatisthematter为主系表结构。]②Iwonder________Imethimbefore!A．wherewasitB．wherewasitthatC．whereitwasD．whereitwasthat答案D[考查从句语序。在从句中须用陈述语序。],1．虽然所有从句(省略、倒装特殊句式除外)都须是陈述语序，但涉及从句语序问题，大多考查名词性从句，尤其宾语从句。2．近年来强调句型和名词性从句结合考查语序比较常见。热点2·8(2012·天津卷)Itdoesn'tmatter________youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.A．whetherB．howC．ifD．when答案A[it为形式主语，考查主语从句，if只能引导宾语从句且有限制。]①(2012·山东卷)Itdoesn'tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A．howB．whetherC．whatD．why答案B[题干的意思是：“在这家商店里，无论你用现金支付还是用信用卡支付都无关紧要。”由Itdoesn'tmatter“没关系”可知后面的意思应该是“无论(不管)……还是……”，又根据题干中的关键词or就很容易确定选B项，构成固定搭配whether...or...。how“如何”；what“什么”；why“为什么”。]②(2012·安徽卷)Thelimitsofaperson'sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.A．whereB．whetherC．thatD．why答案B[句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了。但他是否能够达到这些极限取决于他所处的环境。根据dependon可知，主语从句含有不确定因素，可排除C。where表示地点，why表示原因，用于此处不合适，而使用whether表示“是否”，与题意吻合。]③(2010·浙江卷)Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A．thatB．whatC．howD．whether答案B[句意：尽管已经有近两千名病人服用了这种药品，但是，这种药品会带来什么副作用还不明确。考查名词性从句。设空处需引导主语从句，that无实际意义，在从句中不作成分；what什么，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，还可作定语修饰名词；how如何，多么，在从句中作方式状语或修饰形容词、副词；whether是否，在从句中作状语，不修饰名词。sideeffect为名词短语，故需用what修饰。],whetherif4种名词性从句宾语从句(有限制)whethertodoiftodowhether从句可作介词宾语if从句不作介词宾语①Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.√②Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.√①Idon'tknowifornothewillcome.×②Idon'tknowifhewillcomeornot.√名词性从句攻略一、各类名词性从句的区别1．who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别：一般说来，在名词性从句中what/who虽然不表示疑问的语气，但是所陈述的内容却是未知的，含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么，无论谁”，并且表达的语气很强烈。2．whether/if的用法区别：whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作某些介词的宾语时连接词一般用whether；whether可与ornot/or连用，用来引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，也可与动词不定式连用；if不能与动词不定式连用。3．“疑问词＋­ever”和“nomatter＋疑问词”的区别；“疑问词＋­ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中充当一定的成分；还可引导让步状语从句；“nomatter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能用于名词性从句中。二、要注意名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的不同三、解决名词性从句的相关题目的步骤1．名词性从句可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语，要分清句子结构，然后再确认试题考查的名词性从句的所属类型。2．正确选择连接词。一般说来，引导名词性从句的连接词包括连接代词和连接副词，其中代词在从句中起名词的作用，作主语、宾语或表语；而副词则充当状语，表示时间、方式、原因等。A3状语从句和并列句考纲解读1．状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。2．能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。3．whatever，whenever，wherever等引导词与nomatterwh­等引导词的不同用法。考情解读考点题量年份状语从句时间状语条件状语让步状语原因状语地点状语目的/结果状语并列句2008555212120096630001201056212012011508002320123460314趋势解读1．状语从句为必考点之一，试题结构日趋复杂化，设问呈现交叉和综合的特点，四个选项中尽可能呈现出不同性质的连词as，while，unless出现率高，干扰项还从定语从句或名词性从句的角度进行干扰。2．对于让步状语从句考查仍是重头戏，2012年共考查6题，并列句考查逐年上升。________timegoingon,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.A．WhenB．AsC．WithD．While易误选表示“随着……”或“一边……一边……”，常用as连接词，后跟时间状语从句，但此处为goingon，为非谓语结构，学生不懂结构变化，易误选B，答案为C。________Iheardthevoice,Iknowfatherwascoming.A．AtthemomentB．AtthemomentthatC．ThemomentthatD．Themoment易误选A学生不知句子结构，极易根据所谓的“语感”而误选A，此处themoment转化为一个连接词，后跟时间状语从句，正确答案为D。翻译：他们还未到火车站，火车就开走了。Beforetheydidn'treachthestation,thetrainhadgone.学生易受汉语思维影响而译成左面的句子，其实before状语从句谓语不用否定式。正确译句：Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.Itis3yearssinceIsmokedacigar.翻译：我吸烟有3年了。学生会根据习惯作类似左面的翻译，其实since从句谓语若为延续性动词，应译为“自从不……”正确译句：我不吸烟有3年了。Before________awaybythepolice,hesaidbyetohisfamily.A．takenB．beingtakenC．tobetakenD．taking易误选A学生极易根据状语从句省略条件而误选A。before/after/since特殊用法谨记！答案为B。Everyvisitoriswelcome,sojustcomeifyou________．A．shallB．willC．canD．must易误选D学生根据平时强化的思维，即if条件状语从句中不能出现will助动词，首先排除B，而此时will为情态动词，表示“愿意……”正确答案B。________muchworkyouhavetodo,youneedagoodsleep.A．HoweverB．AlthoughC．AsD．Despite易误选B、D学生弄不清句子结构，而根据逻辑易误选D，although后必然用陈述语序，as从句有特定从句的倒装结构。答案为A。 基础盘点1．时间状语从句eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(when/while/as,before/till/until,assoonas...,since))2.eq\a\vs4\al(条件状,语从句)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(if/unless/aslongas,onconditionthat/supposing...,incase/provided（that）))3．地点状语从句where/wherever4．让步状语从句eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(although/though,eventhough/if,as)) 热门考点1．when/while/as2．before/till/until/since3．hardly...when.../nosooner...than...4．once5．if/unless/aslongas/incase6．where/wherever7．eventhough/if8．as让步状语从句9．目的状语从句和结果状语从句10．状语从句的省略11．wh­ever让步状语从句 关注节点6“热”eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(1,2,3,5,6,10))2“难”eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(8,11))热点3·1(2012·湖南卷)________IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.A．WhileB．OnceC．IfD．Until答案A[while此时表示转折。](2011·浙江卷)OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendaway________mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.A．afterB．whileC．sinceD．when答案D[when译为“就在那时”，相当于andatthattime。]①—I'mgoingtothepostoffice.—________you'rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?A．ForB．WhileC．AsD．Because答案B[while译为“当……时候”，as不能引导疑问句，because引导的是原因状语从句，if表示的是虚拟语气。]②Hehurriedhome,lookingbehind________hewent.A．whenB．whileC．asD．till答案C[句意：他匆匆回家，边走边往后看。as译为“一边……一边”，表示两个变化中的动作的同时性。]③Hewashalfthroughthemeal________afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A．whileB．whenC．beforeD．until答案B[when在此处作并列连词，相当于andatthattime。]④Iwalkedhomethatday______Icouldhavetakenataxi.A．becauseB．sinceC．asD．when答案D[考查when作并列连词，相当于butatthattime。],eq\a\vs4\al(when从,句动作)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(短暂从句动作先于主句动作发生,持续从句动作与主句动作同时发生))(1)Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.(2)WhenIwasyoung,Iusedtovisither.※when可作为并列连词(1)相当于andatthattimeeq\a\vs4\al(前句,谓语)eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(was/weredoing或was/were,介词短语（表状态或过程）,was/wereabouttodo,haddone))when分句Iwasabouttoleavewhenhecame.(2)相当于butatthattimeShejustshowedmethedirectionwhensheshouldhaveledmethere.while从句动作持续(从句常用进行时态)近些年多考主、从句动作的对比It'sunfair—I'mworkingwhiletheothersaresleeping.eq\a\vs4\al(as从句,动作)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(短暂从句动作、主句动作先后紧接发生,持续从句动作、主句动作同时进行（同,时结束）))※as还可表示“随着……”，“一边……一边……”。Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmer＝(With)timegoingon,it'sgettingwarmer.热点3·2(2010·福建卷)Thegirlhadhardlyrungthebell________thedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andherfriendrushedouttogreether.A．beforeB．untilC．asD．since答案A[此处可译为“还未……就……”。](2010·陕西卷)Johnthinksitwon'tbelong________heisreadyforhisnewjob.A．whenB．afterC．beforeD．since答案C[此处可译为“不到……就……”。]①Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactory________sheleftschool.A．asB．beforeC．sinceD．when答案C[此处译为“自从……”。]②(2011·上海卷)Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon'tbothertoseeit,orI'llwait________itcomesoutonDVD.A．whetherB．afterC．thoughD．until答案D[如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我不会去(电影院)看，或者我会等到它的DVD发行。考查状语从句。由句意可知D为正确答案。]③Don'tmove________thebusstops.A．sinceB．untilC．tillD．after答案B[考查not...until...，固定用法。],1．till：主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，主、从句皆为肯定句。Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.2．until：主句谓语动词必须为短暂动词，从句为肯定句。Hewon'tleaveuntilIreturn.※not...until...强调Itbenotuntileq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(短语,从句))thateq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(原句子,原主句))Itisnotuntileq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(myreturning,Ireturn))thatheleaves.倒装Notuntileq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(短语→原句子,从句→原主句))部分倒装Notuntileq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(myreturning,Ireturn))doesheleave.3．beforeItwillbe＋段时间before...“还要过多久才……”ItwillbealongtimebeforeIreturn.4．since①主句(一般现在时或现在完成时)→since从句(一般过去时)主句(一般过去时)→since从句(过去完成时)②Itbe＋段时间＋since从句It's3yearssinceIleftschool.(从句动作短暂，译为“自从……”)It's3yearssinceIlivedhere.(从句动作持续，译为“自从不……”)热点3·3(2012·全国Ⅱ卷)Ihadhardlygottotheoffice________mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.A．whenB．thanC．untilD．after答案A[hardly...when...习惯搭配。](2011·辽宁卷)Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeech________thestudentsstartedcheering.A．sinceB．asC．whenD．than答案D[nosooner...than...习惯搭配。](2010·安徽卷)Justusethisroomforthetimebeing,andwe'llofferyoualargerone________itbecomesavailable.A．assoonasB．unlessC．asfarasD．until答案A[译为“一……就……”。],hardly...when...nosooner...than...为常见高频考查句型，一般设置hardly或nosooner提前，考查倒装语序，偶尔顺便考查时态。一……就……assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...热点3·4(2011·北京卷)________theydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.A．AsB．WhileC．UntilD．Once答案D[once，“一旦……”引导时间状语从句。]________environmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearsfortheecosystemtorecover.A．EvenifB．IfonlyC．WhileD．Once答案D[once引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas＋if。],once引导时间状语从句，其逻辑相当于assoonas＋if，有条件的含义，但偏于时间。热点3·5(2012·江西卷)Youcanborrowmycar________youpromisenottodrivetoofast.A．unlessB．evenifC．incaseD．aslongas答案D[考查条件状语从句，unless相当于ifnot。]①(2012·福建卷)ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties________itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.A．ifB．unlessC．becauseD．since答案B[句意：希腊政府很难克服目前的金融危机，除非从欧盟获取更多的经济支持。本题考查条件状语从句。if如果；unless除非；because因为；since自从。]②(2012·辽宁卷)Leaveyourkeywithyourneighbor________youlockyourselfoutoneday.A．aslongasB．eventhoughC．incaseD．asif答案C[把钥匙留给邻居以防有一天你把自己锁在外面。考查目的状语从句。根据句意选C项，incase(that)以防。aslongas只要；eventhough即使；asif仿佛，好像。]③(2012·上海卷)Ihaveatightbudgetforthetrip,soI'mnotgoingtofly________theairlineslowerticketprices.A．onceB．ifC．afterD．unless答案D[句意：我旅行的预算很吃紧，所以不打算坐飞机，除非航空公司降低票价。考查状语从句。unless相当于if...not，符合前后句的逻辑。],1．aslongas只要……，充分条件unless除非……，必要条件2．unless一般相当于if...not...但①如果未出现A就出现B时只用ifIshouldbeshockedifhedoesn'tcauseanaccident.(if...not≠unless)②(在中学阶段)unless一般不用于虚拟语气3．incaseeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(“万一……”表示低概率的条件,“万一……”相当于sothat...not，引导,目的状语从句（从句一般出现,can/could/may/might等情态动词）))4．ifonlyeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(等于if引导条件状语从句,sbwish（that）...虚拟语气))热点3·6(2012·山东卷)Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen________therewasnothingayearagobutruins.A．whenB．whereC．beforeD．until答案B[考查地点状语从句。where＝attheplacewhere。]①(2012·四川卷)Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you'dbetterstay________youareandwaitforhelp.A．whyB．whereC．whoD．what答案B[句意：如果你碰巧在野外迷路的话，你最好在原地等待救援。本题考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，stay在句子中为不及物动词，空格处引导地点状语从句，故答案选B。其余选项均不引导地点状语从句，故可排除。]②Johnhashisownadvantageforheisstrong________othersareweak.A．whenB．asC．whereD．because答案C[考查状语从句。where＝attheplacewhereothersareweak。],1．wherevereq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(nomatterwhere引导让步状语从句,where引导地点状语从句))Youcanstaywhere/whereveryouwantto.2．where引导状语从句＝介词＋where名词性从句(宾语从句)＝介词＋先行词＋where定语从句Thedoctoradvisedmetolivewhereairisfresher.(地点状语从句)＝inwhereairisfresher.(宾语从句)＝intheplacewhereairisfresher.(定语从句)3．主句谓语eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(beadj.,bep.p,vi.))后常跟where地点状语从句热点3·7(2012·北京卷)—Lookatthoseclouds!—Don'tworry.________itrains，we'llstillhaveagreattime.A．EvenifB．AsthoughC．IncaseD．Ifonly答案A[考查让步状语从句，从下面still我们可以看出其逻辑“即使……依然”。]Ishallcarryouttheplan________Ishouldfail100times.A．althoughB．asC．evenifD．eventhough答案C[考查让步状语从句，eventhough译为“即使……”。],1．evenifeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(从句（真实）,从句（虚拟）))even加强语气，因脱胎于条件，所以evenif既可真实亦可虚拟。2．eventhough从句(真实)even加强语气，因though原来就表示让步，故eventhough只能为真实情况。※从句为真实情况，eventhough/evenif可互换。热点3·8(2012·陕西卷)Hot________thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A．althoughB．asC．whileD．h