12走近中国历史人物-中考英语时文阅读练习（含答案解析）

中考英语热点时文阅读12走近中国历史人物题型主要内容1短文选词填空讲述了诸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。2完形填空介绍了中国历史上伟大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他对中国教育所做的贡献及人们对他的评价。3完形填空俞伯牙和钟子期知音难求的感人故事。4阅读理解介绍了王维和他的诗《送元二使安西》。5阅读理解讲述了李时珍的人生故事。01根据短文内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文完整、正确，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置（每个词只能用一次）。fill,through,possible,turned,much,drum,hear,three,these,othersThisisastoryabouttwowisemen—ZhugeLiangandZhouYu.TheChinesepeoplehavebeentellingthestoryformanyyears.Oneday,ZhouYugaveZhugeLiangan____1____task.Heaskedhimtomake100,000arrows(箭)intendays.“Noproblem,”ZhugeLiangsaidatonce.“I’llbringyou100,000arrowsin____2____days.”ZhugeLiangaskedhissoldiers(士兵)to____3____20largeboatswithmanystraw(稻草)men.Ontheearlymorningofthethirdday,healsoaskedthesoldierstosail(航行)theboatstothecampsofCaoCao’sarmyonthe____4____sideoftheriver.Thesoldiersshoutedandbeattheirdrumsloudly.WhenCaoCao’ssoldiers____5____thesounds,theythoughttheywereunderattack(攻击).However,theycouldnotseeenemies____6____thethickfog(雾)ontheriver.CaoCaoorderedhissoldierstoshootarrowstowardsthesoundsofthe____7____andtheshouting.ZhugeLiang’sboatsweresoonfullofarrows.ZhugeLiang’ssoldiersthen____8____theboatsaroundandshouted,“Thankyouforyourarrows,CaoCao.”ZhugeLiangtookall____9____arrowstoZhouYu.Hefinishedthetasksuccessfully.Therewere____10____than100,000ofthem.ItisthestoryofBorrowArrowswithStrawBoats.02WhoisthegreatestteacherinChinesehistory?YoumaythinkofConfucius(孔子),September28washisbirthday.Althoughhelivedover2,000years___11___,peopletodaystillrememberandrespecthim.ConfuciuslivedintheKingdomofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Hehada___12___childhood.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly3,sohehadto___13___tohelphismother,butyoungConfuciusnever____14____studying.Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersandlearnedmusic,history,poetryandsports.Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicschoolinChina.Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom___15___familiescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryone___16___gotoschooliftheywantedtolearn.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.Today,peoplestill____17____Confucius’lessons.Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy(值得)tobelearned.“WhenIamwiththreepeople,oneofthemmustbebetterthanmeinsome___18___.Ichoosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem.”Healsotaughtusthat___19___isveryimportantinstudy.“Allstudybutnothinkingmakespeoplepuzzled(困惑的).Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeoplelazy.”Confuciusisnotonlyagreatteacher,butalsoafamousthinkerwithwisethoughtsabouttheworldandsociety.Hismostimportantteachingsareabout____20____andgoodmanners.“Apersonshouldbestrictwithhimself,butbekindtoothers.”hesaid.11．A．before B．ago C．after D．later12．A．hard B．happy C．simple D．pleasant13．A．study B．write C．sing D．work14．A．gavein B．gaveaway C．gaveup D．gaveout15．A．rich B．poor C．big D．small16．A．could B．might C．must D．should17．A．realize B．influence C．study D．listen18．A．subjects B．periods C．areas D．places19．A．thinking B．reading C．teaching D．learning20．A．happiness B．kindness C．strictness D．safeness03HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoyaandZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical____21____oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthestory.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therelivedagreatmusiciannamedYuBoya.Heplayedthemusicalinstrumentguqinverywell.Unluckily,fewpeoplecould____22____hismusic.Oneday,Boyawenttravelingbyboat.Onhisway,hemetwithabig____23____andstoppedtheboatbytheriverside.Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautifulscenery（景色）,hewasvery____24____.Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.Ashewasthrowinghimselfintoplayingmusic,hesuddenlynoticedthat____25____waslisteningtohimbytheriverside.Boyacameouttheoftheboatandsawapersonenjoyinghismusic.ThatpersonwasZhongZiqi.Boya____26____himtohisboatandplayedforhim.Heplayedonetune（曲子）thatdescribedthehighmountainandanotherthatdescribedtherunningwater.ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoyaforhismusical____27____.Boyawasveryexcited,andsaid,“Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!”They____28____thattheywouldmeetagaininthesameplacethenextyear.Thefollowingyear,Boyaarrivedontime,____29____hedidn’tseeZhong.Later,helearnedthatZhonghaddiedofanillness.Boyawassosadthathebrokehisguqinanddecided____30____toplayitagain.Later,theterm“zhiyin”begantobeusedtodescribeaveryclosefriend.21．A．rule B．part C．example D．character22．A．forget B．believe C．realize D．understand23．A．rain B．boat C．instrument D．fish24．A．bored B．excited C．proud D．sad25．A．somebody B．everybody C．anybody D．nobody26．A．sent B．invited C．refused D．threw27．A．rule B．talent C．journey D．score28．A．agreed B．doubted C．minded D．wondered29．A．if B．so C．but D．because30．A．only B．just C．once D．never04AFarewellSongWangWei①Nodustisraisedontheroadwetwithmorning▲②Thewillowsbythehotellooksofreshandgreen.③Iinviteyoutodrinkacupofwineagain.④Westofthesunnypassnomorefriendswillbeseen.(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)Withthetemperaturerising,springisagoodtimetogooutandtravelfaraway.TangDynastypoetWangWeibidfarewelltohisfriendinthisseason.ThepoemAFarewellSongdescribeshisexperience.Onaspringmorning,Wanghastosaygoodbyetohisfriend—YuanErwhowouldleaveforafarawayplacecalledAnxi,intoday’sXinjiangUygurautonomousregion.WanghopesthathisfriendYuanwillsafelyreturnfromAnxi,althoughheknowsthattheymightnotseeeachotheragain.Evenwiththisknowledge,thepoetisnotwillingtoshowmuchsorroworsadnessforYuan’sdeparture(离开).Instead,hewantstotakethetimetotreasuretheirfriendshipandinvitesYuantodrinkacupofwine.Inthepoem,Wangusestheskillofexchangingroles.Onthesurface,thepoetsaysgoodbyetohisfriend.Butthefactisthatthetwolikelyhavenochancetoseeeachotheragain.SoitisthatYuansaysgoodbyetothepoetaswell.WangWeiisconsideredoneofthegreatestpoetsoftheTangDynasty,alongwithDuFuandLiBai.Ofthethree,WangWeiwastheonlyonewhohadasuccessfulcareerinthebureaucracy(官场).Whenhewasfree,hespentmuchtimeinthecountrysidethinkingaboutnature.Wangisbestknownfordescribingquietscenesofwaterandmist,withfewdetailsandlittlehumanpresence.Hehasbeenpraisedfor“puttingpaintingintohispoetryandpoetryintohispainting.”31．Whichwordcanbeputin▲?A．fog B．wind C．rain D．sun32．InAFarewellSong,whichsentencespointouttheplaceandtimeoffarewell?A．②③ B．②④ C．①② D．③④33．WhatdidWangWeiexpressbywritingthispoem?A．Hishappinessofenjoyingthescene. B．Hisgreetingstohisfriend.C．Hissadnessofdeparture. D．Hiswishforhisfriend.34．WhatcanwelearnaboutWangWeiaccordingtothepassage?A．Hedidn’tfeelverysadaboutYuan’sdeparture.B．Hewasagreatsuccessinbothworkandpoetry.C．Heisbestknownfordescribinghumanswithrichdetails.D．Heenjoyedwritingpoemsandpaintingatthesametime.05LiShizhenwasoneofthemostfamousdoctorsinChinesehistory.HewasborninQichun,Hubeiin1518.BothofLiShizhen’sfatherandgrandfatherweredoctors.LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorwhotraveledinthecountrysidewithabagofherbs(药草)andcured(治愈)people.Hisfatherwasadoctorwhowroteseveralbooks.LiShizhenusedtohelphisfatherinhismedicalpracticewhenhewasyoung.LiShizhen’sfatherwantedhimtoenterpolitics(从政).LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedthecountry—levelexamination,buthewasneverabletopasstheimperial(帝国的)examination.Whenhewas38,hecuredthesonofthePrinceofChuandwasinvitedtobeanofficialinthatcourt(宫廷).Afewyearslater,hebecameanofficialattheImperialMedicalInstitute.Eventhoughhefulfilledhisfather’sdream,hedidn’twanttocontinueworkingforthecourt.Oneyearlater,heleftthecourtandreturnedtobeadoctoragain.LiShizhenwasfamousforhisbook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica(《本草纲目》).Hespent27yearswritingthebook.Unluckily,LiShizhendiedbeforethebookwasofficiallypublished.Itissuchasuccessfulbook.NowitisstilloneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.35．WhatdidLiShizhen’sfatherwantLiShizhentodo?A．Tobeadoctor. B．Towriteabook. C．Toenterpolitics.36．Whenhewas38,LiShizhencured________.A．hisgrandfather B．thesonofthePrinceofChu C．anofficialinthatcountry37．Accordingtothepassage,whatwasLiShizhenfamousfor?A．Workingforthecourt.B．Curingalotofpeople.C．Thebook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica.38．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorandwroteseveralbooks.B．LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedtheimperialexamination.C．CompendiumofMateriaMedicaisoneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.39．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．LiShizhen’slife. B．LiShizhen’sbook. C．LiShizhen’sherbs.参考答案1．impossible

2．three

3．fill

4．other

5．heard

6．through

7．drums

8．turned

9．these

10．more【导语】本文主要讲述了诸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。1．句意：一天，周瑜交给诸葛亮一项不可能完成的任务。根据“Heaskedhimtomake100,000arrows(箭)intendays”可知在10天内制作10万支箭是不可能的，impossible“不可能的”，形容词，故填impossible。2．句意：我将在三天内给你带来十万支箭。根据“days”可知此处应用基数词修饰名词，three“三个”符合语境，故填three。3．句意：诸葛亮让他的士兵们在20艘大船上装上稻草人。根据“20largeboatswithmanystraw(稻草)men”可知是在船上装满稻草人，fill“装满”符合语境，空前有不定式符号，动词用原形，故填fill。4．句意：第三天一大早，他又叫士兵们把船开到河对岸曹操军队的营地。根据“onthe...sideoftheriver.”可知是指河岸的另一边，theotherside“另一边”，故填other。5．句意：当曹操的士兵们听到声音时，他们认为他们遭到了攻击。根据“WhenCaoCao’ssoldiers...thesounds”可知是指曹军听到了声音，hear“听见”，动词，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填heard。6．句意：然而，他们透过河上的浓雾看不到敌人。根据“However,theycouldnotseeenemies...thethickfog(雾)ontheriver.”可知此处是指透过浓雾看敌人，through“通过”，介词，符合语境，故填through。7．句意：曹操命令他的士兵朝着鼓声和喊叫声射箭。根据“CaoCaoorderedhissoldierstoshootarrowstowardsthesoundsofthe”以及上文“beattheirdrumsloudly.”可知是指鼓的声音，故填drums。8．句意：诸葛亮的士兵把船转过来。根据“ZhugeLiang’ssoldiersthen...theboatsaroundandshouted”可知是指把船转过来，开回去，turn符合语境，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填turned。9．句意：诸葛亮把这些箭都带给了周瑜。根据“ZhugeLiangtookall...arrowstoZhouYu”结合备选词可知是指这些箭，these“这些”符合语境，故填these。10．句意：有超过10万支箭。根据“Therewere...than100,000ofthem.”可知此处是指箭的数量超过10万支，故填more。11．B

12．A

13．D

14．C

15．A

16．D

17．C

18．C

19．A

20．B【导语】本文主要介绍了中国历史上伟大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他对中国教育所做的贡献及人们对他的评价。11．句意：尽管他生活在2000多年前，但今天的人们仍然记得和尊重他。before在……之前；ago以前；after在……之后；later之后。根据“Althoughhelivedover2,000years…”可知，此处表示在“2000多年前”，应用“ago”。故选B。12．句意：他有一个艰难的童年。hard艰难的；happy开心；simple简单的；pleasant令人愉快的。根据“Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly3”可知，他有一个艰难的童年。故选A。13．句意：父亲在他三岁的时候就去世了，所以他不得不工作来帮助母亲，但年轻的孔子从未放弃学习。study学习；write写；sing唱歌；work工作。根据“sohehadto…tohelphismother,”可知，他不得不工作来帮助母亲。故选D。14．句意：父亲在他三岁的时候就去世了，所以他不得不工作来帮助母亲，但年轻的孔子从未放弃学习。gavein屈服；gaveaway泄露；gaveup放弃；gaveout分发。根据“Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersandlearnedmusic,history,poetryandsports”可知，孔子从未放弃学习。故选C。15．句意：那时，只有富家子弟才能上学，但孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学。rich富有的；poor贫穷的；big大的；small小的。根据“Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom…familiescouldgotoschool”可知，那时只有富家子弟才能上学。故选A。16．句意：那时，只有富家子弟才能上学，但孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学。could可以；might可能；must必须；should应该。根据“Confuciusbelievedeveryone…gotoschooliftheywantedtolearn.”可知，孔子认为每个人想学习就应该上学。故选D。17．句意：现在，人们还在学习孔子的课程。realize意识到；influence影响；study学习；listen听。根据“Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy（值得）tobelearned.”可知，现如今人们还在学习孔子的课程。故选C。18．句意：当我和三个人在一起时，他们中的一个在某些方面一定比我好。subjects科目；periods时期；areas方面；places地方。根据“Ichoosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem.”可知，三人行必要我师焉，所以他们中的一个在某些方面一定比我好。故选C。19．句意：他还告诉我们，思考在学习中非常重要。thinking思考；reading阅读；teaching教；learning学习。根据“Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeoplelazy.”可知，孔子认为思考在学习中非常重要。故选A。20．句意：他最重要的教导是关于善良和良好的举止。happiness开心；kindness善良；strictness严格；safeness安全。根据“Apersonshouldbestrictwithhimself,butbekindtoothers.”可知，他最重要的教导是关于善良和良好的举止。故选B。21．C

22．D

23．A

24．B

25．A

26．B

27．B

28．A

29．C

30．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是俞伯牙和钟子期知音难求的感人故事。21．句意：他们的友谊是理想的中国友谊的典型例子。rule规则；part部分；example例子；character性格。根据“HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoyaandZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical…oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthestory.”可知，此处是用俞伯牙和钟子期举了一个例子。故选C。22．句意：不幸的是，很少有人能听懂他的音乐。forget忘记；believe相信；realize意识到；understand理解。根据“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”可知，此处没人能听懂他的音乐。故选D。23．句意：在路上，他遇到了一场大雨，把船停在河边。rain雨；boat船；instrument仪器；fish鱼。根据“Whentherainstopped”可知，遇到了一场大雨。故选A。24．句意：雨停了，看到美丽的景色，他非常激动。bored乏味的；excited兴奋的；proud自豪的；sad悲伤的。根据“Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautifulscenery（景色）”“和Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.”可知，此处他应该非常激动。故选B。25．句意：当他全神贯注地演奏音乐时，他突然注意到河边有人在听他演奏。somebody某人；everybody每个人；anybody任何人；nobody没有人。根据“Boyacameouttheoftheboatandsawapersonenjoyinghismusic.”可知，有人在听他演奏。故选A。26．句意：伯牙邀请他到他的船上为他演奏。sent寄送；invited邀请；refused拒绝；threw扔。根据“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”可知，伯牙邀请他到他的船上。故选B。27．句意：钟子期听懂了这两首曲子，并钦佩伯牙的音乐才能。rule规则；talent才能；journey旅行；score分数。根据“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”和“Boyawasveryexcited,andsaid,‘Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!’”可知，子期钦佩伯牙的音乐才能。故选B。28．句意：他们约定明年再在同一个地方见面。agreed同意，约定；