卷 度外科住院医师临床技能竞赛附有答案

B卷2023年度外科住院医师临床技能竞赛[复制]（理论考试B卷）姓名：[填空题]*_________________________________1.Amale,26yearsold,wasinjured10minutesagobyacrashingwallwithseverelydeformedface.Nowhehasdyspneaandstablebloodpressure.Supposeyouareout-calledwiththeambulance,whichofthefollowingmeasuresisoptimumforemergencytreatment.[单选题]*A.endotrachealintubationB.thyrocricocentesis(正确答案)C.cardiopulmonaryresuscitationD.electricaldefibrillationE.facemaskwithgasbagpressureventilation2.胸腔穿刺抽取一定液体后,患者出现持续咳嗽,应该注意[单选题]*A.提示胸腔积液排放到一定程度,肺已开始复张,抽液体需要慎重,必要时停止操作(正确答案)B.鼓励咳嗽,以利于进一步排净胸腔积液C.给予镇咳药物,继续抽取液体D.让患者平卧位,继续抽液体E.提示伤及肺,引起气胸3.患者在胸腔穿刺过程中出现胸膜反应时,最重要的处理措施是[单选题]*A.停止操作,平卧观察(正确答案)B.高流量吸氧C.静脉推注糖皮质激素D.静脉推注利尿剂E.静脉推注葡萄糖4.正常侧卧位脑脊液初压为[单选题]*A.70~180mmH2O(正确答案)50~150mmH2OC.100~200mmH2O70~170mmH2OE.90~180mmH2O5.一名45岁女性患者,因“进行性四肢无力伴大小便潴留2周”就诊,既往有淋巴瘤病史,为明确脊髓病变的性质行腰椎穿刺术,抽取15ml脑脊液送常规、生化、细菌学及脱落细胞学检查。以下有助于预防术后头痛的正确措施是[单选题]*A.腰椎穿刺后头部抬高45°B.多饮水(正确答案)C.尽可能用粗的穿刺针D.腰椎穿刺针的针尖斜面垂直于患者躯干的长轴E.以上都正确6.Topreventandcontrolurinarytractinfectionrelatedtothecatheter,thecorretapprachis[单选题]*A.thecatheterismistakenlyinsertedintothevagina,andthecathetershouldbeimmediatelypulledoutandre-insertedwiththeoriginalcatheterB.thecatheterwaterballoonshouldbefixedintheinnermouthoftheurethraC.collectingbagheighthigherthanbladderlevelD.changingcollectingbagandcatheterdailyE.encouragingpatientstodrinkmorewater(正确答案)7.Thedepthofsternalpunctureislessthen[单选题]*A.1cm(正确答案)B.1.2cmC.1.5cmD.2.0cmE.2.5cm8.Theflowingcomplicationsofabdominocentesis,whichoneisnotcorrect[单选题]*A.hepaticencephalopathyB.bleedingC.pleuralreaction(正确答案)D.infectionE.electrolytedisorder9.以下哪项不是行腹腔穿刺术的目的[单选题]*A.检查腹腔积液性质B.给药C.抽取积液D.检验腹璧血管走行(正确答案)E.进行诊断和治疗疾病10.WhatisthecorrectvolumetoinjectgasintothegastricpouchofSengstaken-Blakemoretube[单选题]*A.>500mlB.<100mlC.200~300ml(正确答案)D.400~500mlE.2000ml11.三腔二囊管使用过程中发生窒息的原因是[单选题]*A.喉头水肿B.牵引过紧C.胃气囊阻塞咽喉(正确答案)D.血流反流气管E.食管气囊气过多12.Whichpatientshavehighriskoftensionpneumothoraxduringthethoracentesis[单选题]*A.patientswithseverehemodynamiccompromiseB.patientswithsevererespiratorycompromiseC.patientsreceivingmechanicalventilation(正确答案)D.patientswithsmalleffusionsE.patientswithspontaneouspneumothoraxhistory13.Thedepthofnasogastricinsertionisabout[单选题]*A.30~35cmB.40~45cmC.55~60cm(正确答案)D.60~65cmE.65~70cm14.成人心肺复苏判断脉搏的部位在[单选题]*A.施救者同侧颈动脉(正确答案)B.施救者对侧颈动脉C.桡动脉D.施救者同侧股动脉E.施救者对侧股动脉15.心脏电除颤描述正确的是[单选题]*A.双相波除颤器效果优于单相波除颤器B.只针对可除颤心律的患者进行除颤(正确答案)C.除颤后一定认真检查患者,看是否心跳已经恢复D.除颤后立即开始人工通气E.除颤的心尖部电极放在胸骨左缘第4肋间16.房颤电转复的指征是[单选题]*A.房颤伴缓慢心室率B.房颤伴快速心室率(正确答案)C.左心房大，内径>45mmD.左室有附壁血栓E.伴洋地黄中毒17.患者发生房颤超过48h,择期做电转复,正确的抗凝治疗方法是[单选题]*A.电转复前口服华法林2周,转律后需继续抗凝3周B.电转复前口服华法林3周,转律后需继续抗凝4周(正确答案)C.电转复前口服华法林3周,转律后需继续抗凝2周D.电转复前口服华法林4周,转律后需继续抗凝1周E.电转复前口服华法林2周,转律后需继续抗凝2周18.Thepurposeofindwellingcatheterizationdoesnotinclude[单选题]*A.patientswithurinaryincontinence，toprotecttheskinoftheexternalpudendalareaandkeepcleananddryB.preparationbeforepelvicsurgeryC.reductionofwoundinfectionaftersurgeryonanusandperineumD.rescueofcriticallyillpatients；observationandmonitoringofrenalfunctionE.takesamplesofmid-sectionurineforbacterialculture(正确答案)19.Mrs.Hu,female,75yearsold.Shewassufferingfromdifficultybreathing,wasgivingoxygeninhalation,andinhaledoxygenconcentrationof33%,whichisthepatients'oxygenflow(perminute)[单选题]*A.2LB.3L(正确答案)C.4LD.5LE.6L20.通常每次吸痰的时间为[单选题]*A.<30sB.<25sC.<20sD.<15s(正确答案)E.<10s21.Toaspiratesputumforacceptedtracheotomyandmechanicallyventilatedpatient,whichisthefirstandmostimportantmeasurepreferred[单选题]*A.2minutesofpureoxygenabsorption(正确答案)B.adjusttheappropriatenegativepressureC.attractoralsecretionsD.attractafterballoondeflationE.attractbeforeballoondeflation22.注射前需核对的内容不包括[单选题]*A.药品名称B.床号C.患者姓名D.患者年龄(正确答案)E.药品剂量23.Whichofthefollowingmeansofmedicationadministrationisthefastestabsorption[单选题]*A.oralmedicationB.subcutaneousinjectionC.intramuscularinjectionD.intravenousinjection(正确答案)E.intradermicinjection24.以下哪种因素不是皮下注射出血的原因[单选题]*A.注射时针头刺破血管B.患者凝血机制障碍C.拔针后局部按压时间长(正确答案)D.按压部位不准确E.服用抗凝剂25.不符合无痛注射技术的一项是[单选题]*A.分散患者注意力B.取合适体位,使肌肉放松C.进针后、注射前禁忌抽动活塞(正确答案)D.做到“两快一慢”,即进针快、拔针快、注药慢E.肌内注射刺激性强的药物宜采取深部注射26.Thenurseispreparingtogiveamedicationtoapatient.Priortodoingthis,shereviewsthefive“rights”ofdrugadministrationexcept[单选题]*A.therightmedicationB.therightdoseC.therightorder(正确答案)D.therightrouteE.therighttime27.血气分析样本如果在室温放置时间延长,可能造成检查结果的偏差,其中不可能出现的是[单选题]*A.样本CO2分压升高B.样本HCO3-下降C.样本pH降低D.样本02分压下降E.样本pH升高(正确答案)28.Whichsequenceofthestructuresiscorrectfromoutsidetoinsideinthefemoraltriangle[单选题]*A.femoralvein,femoralartery,femoralnerveB.femoralartery,femoralvein,femoralnerveC.femoralnerve,femoralvein,femoralarteryD.femoralnerve,femoralartery,femoralvein(正确答案)E.femoralartery,femoralnerve,femoralvein29.Forwhichkindofexaminationwouldpatientbeaskedtokeepfasting[单选题]*A.hepatitisBvirussurfaceantigenB.completebloodcellC.liverfunctionandrenalfunction(正确答案)D.C-reactiveproteinE.renalfunction30.股静脉穿刺时,穿刺点位置及针头与皮肤的角度应为[单选题]*A.股动脉内侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈90°或45°(正确答案)B.股动脉外侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈90°或45°C.股动脉内侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈60°D.股动脉外侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈90°E.股动脉外侧0.5cm,针头与皮肤呈60°31.Infectionchainincludesomelinksexcept[单选题]*A.sourceofinfectionB.Hand(正确答案)C.susceptiblehostsD.routeoftransmissionE.modesoftransmission32.准备穿隔离衣取衣时,应[单选题]*A.手持衣袖从衣夹上取下隔离衣B.手持袖口从衣夹上取下隔离衣C.手持衣襟从衣夹上取下隔离衣D.手持衣领从衣夹上取下隔离衣(正确答案)E.手持腰带从衣夹上取下隔离衣33.悬挂隔离衣时,正确的是[单选题]*A.如挂在半污染区的隔离衣,清洁面向外(正确答案)B.如挂在半污染区的隔离衣,清洁面向内C.如挂在污染区的隔离衣,清洁面向外D.无论挂在半污染区或污染区的隔离衣,均清洁面向内E.无论挂在半污染区或污染区的隔离衣,均清洁面向外34.Thecorrectwaytoremoveasurgicalmaskis[单选题]*A.untiethetoptieB.pinchtheoutersideofthemaskintothepaperbasketbyhandC.pinchtheinnersideofthemaskintothepaperbasketbyhandD.holdthemask'stiewithyourhandandthrowitintothemedicalwastecontainer(正确答案)E.pinchtheinnersideofthemaskwithyourhandandthrowitintothemedicalwastecontainer35.V7导联位于[单选题]*A.左肩胛线与V2同一水平B.左肩胛线与V3同一水平C.左肩胛线与V4同一水平D.左腋后线与V3同一水平处E.左腋后线与V4同--水平处(正确答案)36.心电图坐标格上平均P-P间距为20小格(纸速为25mn/s),其心率为[单选题]*A.60次/minB.75次/min(正确答案)C.90次/minD.100次/minE.120次/min37.Underwhichcircumstancebelow,re-scrubbingisnotneededwhenparticipatinginanotheroperationcontinuously[单选题]*A.Itisathyroidsurgerypreviously(正确答案)B.ItisaVATSlobectomyC.TheasepticclothesandglovesweariedinsurgeryareimportedwithoriginalpackagingD.TheglovesarebrokenafterprevioussurgeryE.HandsandforearmshavebeenscrubbedwithJifrodisinfectantgelforthreetimesbeforesurgery38.手术进行中,你的前臂不小心触碰到患者的输液架,此时应[单选题]*A.更换另一手套B.重新洗手、穿无菌衣、戴手套C.用75%酒精消毒术者前臂衣袖D.更换无菌衣及手套(正确答案)E.重新更换手术无菌单39.当刷洗完毕手臂进人手术室时,应保持的手臂姿势是[单选题]*A.手臂向上高举B.手臂自然下垂C.胸前拱手姿势(正确答案)D.手臂向前伸E.双手放置背后40.以下对手术区消毒描述不正确的是[单选题]*A.手术区消毒的目的是消灭拟作切口处及其周围皮肤的病原微生物,使其达无菌的要求B.手术区皮肤消毒范围为包括手术切口周围15cm的区域,如有手术延长切口的可能,则应事先相应扩大皮肤消毒范围C.消毒完毕,操作者要再用消毒液擦手一次D.肛门区手术,消毒液涂擦顺序为肛门、会阴及手术区外周(正确答案)E.消毒时常用2.5%碘酊涂擦皮肤,待碘酊干后,再以75%酒精涂擦两遍，将碘酊擦净41.以下论述哪项是正确的[单选题]*A.铺巾者与洗手护士的手能接触B.铺巾时每块手术巾的反折部远离切口C.消毒的手臂能接触靠近手术区的灭菌敷料D.若手术巾位置不正确,能由手术区向内移动E.铺无菌单时如被污染应当即更换(正确答案)42.戴无菌手套时,已消毒但未戴手套的手只允许接触手套的哪一面[单选题]*A.手套的背面B.手套的掌面C.套口翻转部的内面D.套口翻转部的外面(正确答案)E.以