2023四省联考英语变式题-阅读理解D（解析版）

原题

Weallknowthatunpleasantfeelingwhenwe,retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfwaythroughour

sentencewe,reinterrupted.Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingto

newresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.

Usingasetofcontrolledaudioclips（录音片段），Hiltonsurveyed5,OOOAmericanEnglishspeakerstobetter

understandwhataffectspeople,sperceptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthen

answerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingto

interrupt.

HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedifferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwodistinct

groups:highandlowintensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewithmomentsof

silenceinconversationandconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Lowintensityspeakersfindit

rudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.

Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameevidentwhenparticipantslistenedtoaudioclipsinwhichtwo

peoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.Thehighintensity

groupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenot

inteπ*uptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns,ɪn

contrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneous（同时）chatasarudeinterruption,regardless

ofwhatthespeakersweresaying.

ςςPeoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverall

communication,,,Hiltonsaid.''Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhow

humansinteractwitheachother.”

1.WhatdoesHilton,sresearchfocuson?

A.Whatinteιτuptionsmeantopeople.

B.Whetherinteπuptionisgoodornot.

C.Howtoavoidgettinginterrupted.

D.Whyspeakersinterrupteachother.

2.Whatdoparticipantsofthestudyneedtodo?

A.Recordanaudioclip.B.Answersomequestions.

C.Listentooneanother.D.Haveachatwithafriend.

3.Whatdolowintensityspeakersthinkofsimultaneouschat?

A.It,simportant.B.It,sinteresting.

C.Ifsinefficient.D.It,simpolite.

4.WhatcanweIeamfromHilton,sresearch?

A.Humaninteractioniscomplex.

B.Communicationisthebasisoflife.

C.Interruptionspromotethinking.

D.Languagebarrierswillalwaysexist.

【答案】LA2.B3.D4.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，在谈话中被打断是否会带来不愉快，因人而异。

【1题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句"Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,

accordingtonewresearchledbyKalherineHiltonfromStanfordUniVerSity.（但这真的是打扰吗？根据斯坦福大

学凯瑟琳・希尔顿领导的一项新研究，答案取决于你问谁）"和第四段第二、三句"Thehighintensitygroup

reportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptive

butengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,the

lowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneouschatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakers

wereSaying.（高强度组报告说，人们在表达同意的同时说话的对话不会被打断，而是比在说话之间保持沉默

的对话更投入、更友好。相比之下，低强度组认为任何数量的同时聊天都是粗鲁的打断，不管说话人在说

什么）”可知，文章主要说明了“打断”对不同的人来说，意义不同，即“打断”对人们意味着什么。故选

A项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsabout

whetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.（她让参与者

听一些音频片段，然后回答一些问题，比如说话者看起来是否友好、投入、彼此倾听，还是试图打断）”可

知，参与者们需要在听完音频后回答一些问题。故选B项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句uLowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeople

speakoneafteranotherinConVerSation.（低强度说话者觉得同时说话很不礼貌，他们更喜欢人们在谈话中一个

接一个地说话）”可推知，对于低强度聊天者来说，同时聊天是粗鲁的，不礼貌的。故选D项。

4题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“"Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhavea

massiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,,,Hiltonsaid.''Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialif

wewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.,,（α人们很在意被打断，而这些小的干扰会对整体

交流产生巨大影响，”希尔顿说。“如果我们想了解人类之间是如何互动的，就必须分解中断的含义。

可推知，人类的交流是复杂的。故选A项。

变式基础题1

Asayoungchild,ɪwaspainfullyshy.Γdwatchotherchildrenplayinthepark,wishingICouldjointhem,butI

wastooscaredtoapproach.Eventually,mymotherwouldcometotherescue.She,dasktheotherkidsifɪcouldplay,

too.Today,ɪfeelcomfortablegivingpubliclecturesinlargehallsandhavingconversationsinsmallgroups,butɪstill

tendtoavoidsituationsinwhichI,mexpectedtospendtimewitharoomfulofstrangers.

Therecouldbemanyreasons.Foronething,Imightbecarryingsomechildhoodfearofrejection.Butbeyond

thatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthat1tendtounderestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafterɪmeetthem,asmost

ofusdo.

Anewresearchpaperreportsthatthecommonconcernthatnewpeoplemaynotlikeus,orthattheymaynot

enjoyourcompany,islargelyUnfoUndcd.

EricaBoothbyofCornellUniversityandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofstudiestofindoutwhatour

conversationpartnersreallythinkofus.Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion（认知错觉）theycall

“thelikinggap":ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.

Theresearchersobservedthegapinavarietyofsituations:strangersgettingacquaintedintheresearch

laboratoryfirst-yearcollegestudentsgettingtoknowtheirdormitorymatesoverthecourseofmanymonths,and

communitymembersmeetingfellowparticipantsinpersonaldevelopmentworkshops.Ineachcircumstance,people

consistentlyunderestimatedhowmuchotherslikedthem.Formuchoftheacademicyear,asdormitorymatesgotto

knoweachotherandevenstartedtodevelopenduringfriendships,thelikinggappersisted.

Thedataalsorevealedsomeofthepotentialreasonsfortheillusion:weareoftenmoreseverewithourselves

thanwithothers,andourinnercriticpreventsusfromappreciatinghowpositivelyotherpeopleevaluateus.Not

knowingwhatourconversationpartnersreallythinkofus,weuseourownthoughtsasaproxy（代理人）.Thisisa

mistake,becauseourthoughtstendtobemorenegativethanreality.

5.Whydoestheauthormentionhischildhoodexperience?

A.Toshowhowhischaracterchanged.

B.Toexplainwhathewaslikewhenhewasyoung.

C.Toshowanexampleofwhypeopleareshyofcommunication.

D.Toemphasizetheimportantroleofamotherinone,schildhood.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unfbunded''probablymean?

A.Careless.B.Baseless.C.Selfless.D.Meaningless.

7.WhatdoWeknowaboutthelikinggapfromthetext?

A.Itindicateswhatstrangersreallythinkofus.

B.Itbeginsandendsquicklyamongstrangers.

C.Itdisappearswhenstrangersgettoknoweachother.

D.Itstatesourmisunderstandingofhowmuchotherslikeus.

8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

A.PeopleLikeYouMorethanYouKnow

B.HowtoGetAlongWellwithStrangers

C.TheWaytoKnowWhatOthersThinkofUs

D.HavingConversationswithStrangersBenefitsUs

【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，由于“喜欢差距”，我们往往会低估别人对我们的喜爱程度，事实

上，人们比你认为的更喜欢你。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段关键句"Asayoungchild,Iwaspainfullyshy.I,dwatchotherchildrenplayinthepark,

wishingIcouldjointhem,butIwastooscaredtoapproach.,,（小时候，我非常害羞。我会看着其他孩子在公

园里玩耍，希望我能加入他们，但我太害怕了，不敢靠近。）和第二段内容“Therecouldbemanyreasons.For

onething,Imightbecarryingsomechildhoodfearofrejection.Butbeyondthatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthat

ItendtounderestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafterImeetthem,asmostofusdo.”（可能有很多原因。首先，

我可能从小就害怕被拒绝。但除此之外，一个可能的因素是，我和我们大多数人一样，在遇到别人之后，

往往会低估他们对我的喜爱程度。）可知，文中列举了作者童年时不愿意与其他人交流的经历，并解释了这

种情况产生的原因，由此可知，作者提到他的童年经历是为了举一个例子，说明人们为什么不愿意交流。

故选C项。

【6题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第四段关键句"Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion（认知错觉）theycall”the

likinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.,,（在这

样做过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意

识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，研究发现，认知错觉让我们没有意识到陌生人有多么喜欢我们，

由此可知，人们担心新人可能不喜欢我们，或者他们可能不喜欢和我们在一起，这在很大程度上是没有根

据的，是一种认知错觉，“Baseless”意为“没有根据的”，能表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选

B项。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段关键句"Indoingso,theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion（认知错觉）theycall“the

likinggap":ourfailuretorealizehowmuchstrangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation.,,（在这

样做的过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意

识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，“喜欢差距”指的是经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人

有多么喜欢我们，由此可知，“喜欢差距”表明了我们对别人有多喜欢我们的误解。故选D项。

【8题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句uButbeyondthatpossibility,onelikelyelementisthatItendto

underestimatehowmuchpeoplelikemeafterɪmeetthem,asmostofusdo."（但除此之外,一个可能的因素是，

我和我们大多数人一样，在遇到别人之后，往往会低估他们对我的喜爱程度。）和第四段关键句uIndoingso,

theydiscoveredanewcognitiveillusion（认矢口车昔觉）theycall“thelikinggap”:ourfailuretorealizehowmuch

strangersappreciateourcompanyafterabitofconversation√,（在这样做的过程中，他们发现了一种新的认知

错觉，他们称之为“喜欢差距”：经过一番交谈后，我们没有意识到陌生人有多么欣赏我们的陪伴。）可知，

由于“喜欢差距”，我们往往会低估别人对我们的喜爱程度，事实上，人们比你认为的更喜欢你，"People

LikeYouMorethanYouKnow"意为"人们比你知道的更喜欢你”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。

变式基础题2

Wearenaturallydrawntofriendsandcolleagueswithfamiliarvoices,scientistshavefound.Peoplepreferthose

whohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered.

Previousresearchhasfocusedonhowamaleorfemalevoicesounds.Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwith

slightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive.

Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism（^∖i^）atplay.

Dr.MollyBabel,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,said,“Thevoiceisanamazinglyflexibletool

thatweusetoconstructouridentity.Veryfewthingsinourvoicesarechangeless,soWefeltthatourpreferencehad

tobeaboutmorethanaperson,Sshapeandsize.”

Sherecorded30volunteers,voicesandaskedeachtoratetheothersattractivenessonascaleofonetonine.Each

participantwasfromWesternAmerica,withsimilaraccents.ThepeopleWeassessedwereallinthesamedialect

group,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees.

“Weseemtolikepeoplewhosevoicesarelikeourvoices,andwelikepeoplewhofitwithinwhatWeknow,"Dr.

Babelsaid.Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen一typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe

—wereseenasmoreattractive.

Thebreathytone,causedbyyoungerandthinnervocalCoMS（声带），impliedyouthfulnessandhealth.Acreaky

voice,suggestingapersonhasacoldoristired,wasseenasunattractive.Theparticipantpreferredmenwhospoke

withashorteraveragewordlengthanddeepervoices.

9.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.comparemalevoiceswithfemalevoices

B.informreadersofthenewfindingsofvoices

C.encouragementousedeepervoicestospeak

D.ratepeople,svoicesonascaleofonetonine

10.Intermsofvoicepreferences,thenewfindingsstress.

A.bodysizeandshapeB.ashorterwordlength

C.thesamesocialgroupsD.thickervocalcords

1ɪ.Dr.MollyBabelmentionsMarilynMonroeinorderto.

A.introduceapopularfilmstarB.explainabreathyvoice

C.questionpreviousresearchD.convincepeopleofhercharm

12.Whosevoicemaybeattractiveaccordingtothepassage?

A.Ayoungladywiththinvoice.B.Anoldladywiththickvoice.

C.Adeep-voicedmanwithadrythroat.D.Alittlemanwithaquietandgentlevoice.

【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.A

【解析】

【导语】这这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲了科学研究表明我们会很自然地被熟悉的嗓音所吸引，人们更倾

向于类似的口音，而语言学家也表明其中有更复杂的机制在里面。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段uPeoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoiceto

themselves,theydiscovered.（他们发现，人们更喜欢那些口音、语调和语调与自己相似的人）"和第三段"But

thenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism（⅜fLΦlJ）atplay.（但力口

拿大一位语言学家发表的这项新研究表明，其中有一个更复杂的机制在起作用）”可知，这篇文章的写作目

的主要是为了让读者了解到一项关于人的嗓音的最新研究发现，故选B项。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段"Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoiceto

themselves,theydiscovered.（他们发现，人们更喜欢那些口音、语调和语调与自己相似的人）”和第四段“The

peopleWeassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees.（我们评估的人都处于同

一方言群体，但他们表现出不同的程度）”可知，关于人们对嗓音的偏好，新研究强调对使用同一种方言的

社会群体进行评价，故选C项。

【II题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段aShealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmerican

actressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive.（她还发现女性带气音的说话声，如美国著名女演员玛

丽莲•梦露为代表的女性，被认为更有吸引力）”可知，以玛丽莲梦露这位人们耳熟能详的明星为例，更形

象生动地向读者解释什么是带有气音的说话声，故选B项。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosound

moreattractive.（人们认为声音低沉的男性和声音稍高的女性听起来更有吸引力）”可知，一位年轻的女士如果

嗓音比较尖细，那人们会认为她的声音很迷人，故选A项。

变式巩固题1

Silenceisunnaturaltoman.Hebeginslifewithacryandendsitinstillness.Inbetweenhedoesallhecantomakea

noiseintheworld,andhefearssilencemorethananythingelse.Evenhisconversationisanattempttopreventa

fearfulsilence.Ifheisintroducedtoanotherperson,andanumberofpausesoccurintheconversation,heregards

himselfasafailure,aworthlessperson,andisfullofenvyoftheemptiestheadedchatterbox（喋喋不休的人）.He

knowsthatninety-ninepercentofhumanconversationmeansnomorethanthebuzzingofafly,butheisanxiousto

joininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxworkfigure（蜡塑人像）∙

Theaimofconversationisnot,forthemostpart,tocommunicateideas;itistokeepupthebuzzingsound.Thereare,

itmustbeadmitted,differentqualitiesofbuzz;thereisevenabuzzthatisasannoyingasthecontinuousnoisemade

byamosquito（蚊子）.Butatadinnerpartyonewouldratherbeamosquitothanaquietperson.Mostbuzzing,

fortunately,ispleasanttotheear,andsomeofitispleasanteventothemind.Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaited

untilhehadawisethoughttotakepartinthebuzzing-withhisneighbors.

Thosewhohatetopickuptheweatherasaconversationalopeningseemtomenottoknowthereasonwhyhuman

beingswish1:（）talk.Veryfewhumanbeingsjoininaconversationinthehopeoflearninganythingnew.Someof

themarecontent,iftheyaremerelyallowedtogoonmakinganoiseintootherpeople,sears,thoughtheyhave

nothingtotellthemexceptthattheyhaveseentwoorthreenew,playsorthattheyhadfoodinaSwisshotel.Atthe

endofaneveningduringwhichtheyhavesaidnothingmeaningfulforalongtime,theyjustprovethemselvestobe

successfulconservationists.

13.Accordingtotheauthor,peoplemakeconversationto.

A.exchangeideasB.provetheirvalue

C.achievesuccessmlifeD.overcometheirfearofsilence

14.By"thebuzzingofafly”（Para.1）,theauthormeans44''.

A.thenoiseofaninsectB.alowwhisperingsound

C.meaninglesstalksD.thevoiceofachatterbox

15.Accordingtothepassage,peopleusuallytalktotheirneighbors.

A.aboutwhatevertheyhaveprepared

B.aboutwhatevertheywantto

C.inthehopeoflearningsomethingnew

D.inthehopeofgettingonwell

16.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Todiscusswhypeopleliketalkingaboutweather.

B.Toencouragepeopletojoininconversations.

C.Topersuadepeopletostopmakingnoises.

D.Toexplainwhypeoplekeeptalking.

【答案】13.D14.C15.B16.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章作者主要解释了人为什么会不停的交谈。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章的第一段"EvenhisconversationisanattempttopreventafearfulSiIenCe.（甚至他的谈话

都是为了避免可怕的沉默。）”可知，交谈是克服沉默的恐惧。故选D。

【14题详解】

词句猜测题。根据文章第一段"butheisanxioustojoininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxwork

f⅛ure（但他急于加入这一行列，证明自己是一个人，而不是一个蜡塑人像）”可知，人类百分之九十九的谈

话只不过是无意义的交谈，thebuzzingofafly意为“无意义的交谈”。故选C。

【15题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句"Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaitedunlilhehadawisethoughtto

takepartinthebuzzing-withhisneighbors.（如果他等到有了一个明智的想法，才参与到与邻居们的喧闹中来，

那他就是一个愚蠢的人。）”可知，根据这篇文章，人们通常和他们的邻居谈论他们想要谈论的任何事情。

故选B。

【16题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Theaimofconversationisnot,forthemostpart,tocommunicateideas;itisto

keepupthebuzzingsound.（大多数情况下，谈话的目的不是为了交流思想；这是为了保持嗡嗡声。）”可知，

文章作者主要解释了人为什么会不停的交谈。故选D。

变式巩固题2

Whenromanticpartnersargueoverthingslikefinances,jealousy,orotherinterpersonalissues,theytendto

employtheircurrentfeelingsasfuelforaheatedargument.Butthinkingaboutthefuturehelpsovercomerelationship

conflicts,accordingtoaUniversityofWaterlooStudyjustpublishedonlineinSocialPsychologicalandPersonality

Science.AlexHuynh,adoctoralcandidateinpsychologyistheleadauthorofthestudy,whichhepublishedwithIgor

GrossmannfromtheUniversityofWaterloo,andDanielYangfromYaleUniversity.

Previousresearchhasshownthatthird-perspectivereasoningcanbeapositivestrategyforreconciliation调解）

ofinterpersonalstruggles.Huynhandhiscollaboratorsinvestigatedwhethersimilarbenefitcanbeinducedby

simplythinkingaboutthefuture.Studyparticipantswereinstructedtoreflectonarecentconflictwitharomantic

partneroraclosefriend.Onegroupofparticipantswerethenaskedtodescribehowtheywouldfeelabouttheconflict

oneyearinthefuture,whileanothergroupwasaskedtodescribehowtheyfeelinthepresent.

Theteamexaminedparticipants,writtenresponsesthroughatext-analysisprogramfortheiruseofpronouns一

suchasI,me,she,he.Thesechoicesofpronounswereusedtocaptureparticipants9focusonthefeelingsand

behaviourofthoseinvolvedintheconflict.Writtenresponseswerealsoexaminedforforgivenessandreinterpreting

theconflictmorepositively,bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipants,useofreasoningstrategies.

Theresearchersfoundthatenvisioningfuturerelationshipaffectedbothparticipants5focusontheirfeelings,and

theirreasoningstrategies.Asaresult,participantsreportedmorepositivityabouttheirrelationshipaltogether,

especiallywhenstudyparticipantsextendedtheirthinkingabouttherelationshipayearintothefuture.

ςς0urstudydemonstratesthatadoptingafuture-orientedperspectiveinthecontextofarelationshipconflict一

reflectingonhowonemightfeelayearfromnow-maybeavaluablecopingtoolforone,spsychologicalhappiness

andrelationshipwell-being,,,saidHuynh.

17.Whatdoromanticpartnersdoinfaceofmostdisagreements?

A.Theylosefaithintheirfuture.B.Theyfocusontheirpresentfeelings.

C.Theylookforwardtoafierceconflict.D.Theycaremoreaboutfinancialproblems.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“induced“inParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A.Caused.B.Explained.

C.Reduced.D.Improved.

19.WhatdoWeknowaboutthestudy?

A.Allthestudyparticipantsdescribedhowtheyfeltbothinthepresentandinthefuture.

B.Studyparticipantsdescribedtheirrecentrelationshipwiththeirromancepartnersorfriends.

C.Atext-analysisprogramwasemployedtoexamineparticipants'useofnegativewords.

D.Thereasoningstrategiesinparticipants,writtenresponseswerewellworthyofnote.

20.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.Youhaveayeartosolveyourinterpersonalproblems!

B.Thinkingaboutfutureisessentialforrelationshipmaintenance!

C.Yourcurrentfeelingsaretherealcauseofyourheatedarguments!

D.Beneficialreasoningisapositivestrategyforreconciliation!

【答案】17.B18.A19.D20.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍一项研究结果，思考未来关系有助于克服人际关系冲突，目光长

远才是维持人际关系的好方法。

【17题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的aWhenromanticpartnersargueoverthingslikefinances,jealousy,orother

interpersonalissues,theytendtoemploytheircurrentfeelingsasfuelforaheatedargument」当恋人们就关于诸如

财政、嫉妒、或其他人际问题进行争论时,他们倾向于以他们当前的情绪为基础从而加剧争论）”可知，在面

对分歧时，大部分恋人注重当时的感受。故选B项。

【18题详解】

词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Previousresearchhasshownthatthird-perspectivereasoningcanbeapositive

strategyforreconciliation调解）ofinterpersonalStrUggIeS.（先前的研究已经表明，从第三视角的推理是积极的

人际斗争战略调节解方法）”可知，先前的研究已经表明理性思维是积极的人际斗争战略调解方法，结合倒

数第二段描述的研究结果“Asaresult,participantsreportedmorepositivityabouttheirrelationshipaltogether（结

果，参与者对他们的关系表现出了更积极的态度）”可推知，划线词所在句意为：黄齐和他的合作者研究类

似益处是否仅仅能够依靠简单地思考未来去达成。induced意为“导致，引起"。故选A项。

【19题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“Writtenresponseswerealsoexaminedforforgivenessandreinterpretingtheconflict

morepositively,bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipants,useofreasoningStrategieS.（通过书面回答,也检查了有益

的推理策略——例如，宽恕和更积极地阐释冲突）”可知，参与者书面回答中的推理策略很值得注意。故选

D项。

【20题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Butthinkingaboutthefuturehelpsovercomerelationshipconflicts,according

toaUniversityofWaterlooStudyjustpublishedonlineinSocialPsychologicalandPersonalitySCienCe.（但是根据

滑铁卢大学的一项刚刚发表在《社会心理和人格科学》上的研究，思考未来关系有助于克服人际关系冲突）”

和最后一段中的uOurstudydemonstratesthatadoptingafuture-orientedperspectiveinthecontextofa

relationshipconflict-reflectingonhowonemightfeelayearfromnow—maybeavaluablecopingtoolforone,s

psychologicalhappinessandrelationshipWen-being（我们的研究表明，在关系冲突的背景下采用一种面向未来

的视角——反思一年后感受会如何一一对于一个人心理幸福感和良好的人际关系来说可能是一个有价值的

处理方法）”可知，文章主要介绍一项研究结果，思考未来关系有助于克服人际关系冲突。B项“考虑未来

对维持关系至关重要”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。

变式提高题1

Somepeoplecanwalkintoaroomandinstantlyputeveryoneatease.OthersseemtomaketeethClenChandeyes

rollnomatterwhattheydo.Asmallbodyofpsychologyresearchsupportstheideathatthewayapersontendsto

makeothersfeelisaconsistentandmeasurablepartofhispersonality.Researcherscallit''effectivepresence.^^

Thisconceptwasfirstdescribednearly10yearsagoinastudyledbyNoahEisenkraft,abusinessprofessorat

WashingtonUniversity.Heputbusiness-schoolstudentsintogroups,hadthemregisterforailthesameclassesfora

semester,anddoeverygroupprojecttogether.Thenthemembersofeachgroupratedhowmucheveryothermember

madethemfeeleightdifferentemotions:stressed,bored,angry,sad,calm,relaxed,happy,andenthusiastic.The

researchersfoundthatasignificantportionofgroupmembers4emotionscouldbeaccountedforbytheeffective

presenceoftheirpeers.

Itseemsthat"ourownwayofbeinghasanemotionalsignature.^saysElfenbein.

It,sbeenknownforsometimethatemotionsareinfectious.Buteffectivepresenceisaneffectonehasregardless

ofone,sownfeelings—thosewithpositiveeffectivepresencemakeotherpeoplefeelgoodeveniftheypersonallyare

anxiousorsad,andtheoppositeistrueforthosewithnegativeeffectivepresence

Unsuiprisingly,peoplewhoconsistentlymakeothersfeelgoodaremorncentraltotheirsocialnetworks一in

Elfenbein,sstudy,moreoftheirclassmateconsideredthemtobefriends.SectorMadrid,anorganizational-behavior

professor,hasfoundthatleaderswithpositiveaffectivepresencehaveteamsthatarebetteratsharinginformation,

whichleadstocreativity.Inferiorsaremorelikelytovoicetheirideas,too.

However,Elfenbeinnotesthatpositiveeflectivepresenceisn,tnaturallygood.PSyChOPathS（精神变态者）are

infamouslycharmingandnaywellusetheirpositiveeffectivepresenceforcalculatingends.Neitherisnegative

effectivepresencenecessarilyalwaysabadthinginaleader-thinkofafootballcoachyellingattheteamathalf

time,motivatingthemtomakeacomeback.Shesuspectsthateffectivepresenceiscloselyrelatedtoemotional

intelligencewhichonecanusetocurecancerortobeacriminalmastermind.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“maketeethcleπchninParagraph1mean?

A.Makepeopleupsetorangry.B.Makepeoplegladorrefreshed.

C.Makepeoplecomfortableorrelaxed.D.Makepeopleamazedorthrilled.

22.WhydoestheauthormentionElfenbein,sstudyinParagraph5?

A.Tosuggestleadersarebetteratsharinginformation.

B.Toproveleadersalsohavenegativeeffectivepresence

C.Toindicatepositiveeffectivepresencehasagreaterinfluence,

D.Toshowpositiveeffectivepresencecanpromotesocialinteraction.

23.Whatdoyouknowabouteffectivepresenceaccordingtothetext?

A.Itisforcalculatingends.B.Itisadouble-edgedsword.

C.Itisaffectedbyone,sownemotion,D.Itisthepositiveemotionalinfluenceonothers.

24.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

AEffectivePresence:HowYouMakePeopleFeel

B.EmotionalSignature:WhyEmotionsareInfectious

C.EffectivePresence:NegativePartofYourPersonalities

D.EmotionalIntelligence:BigPartofeffectivePresence

【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“情感存在”并介绍了“情感存在”在社交中的作用。

[21题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词后的"eyesrollnomatterwhattheydo”（无论他们做什么，你都会翻白眼）可知,

划线词所在句中“Others”这类人的出现会令人不愉快，