考研辅导英语六级阅读

2014考研英语辅导大学英语六级讲义2014考研英语辅导大学英语六级讲义TextIt’sauniversalphenomenon,andoneofthemostcommonthingswedo.Welaughmanytimesaday,formanydifferentreasons,butrarelythinkaboutit,andseldomconsciouslycontrolit.Weknowsolittleaboutthedifferentkindsandfunctionsoflaughter,andmyinterestreallystartsthere.Whydowedoit?Whatcanlaughterteachusaboutourpositiveemotionsandsocialbehaviour?There’ssomuchwedon’tknowabouthowthebraincontributestoemotionandIthinkwecangetatunderstandingthisbystudyinglaughter.Only10or20percentoflaughingisaresponsetohumor.Mostofthetime,it'samessagewesendtootherpeople——communicatingjoyfuldisposition,awillingnesstobondandsoon.Itoccupiesaspecialplaceinsocialinteractionandisafascinatingfeatureofourbiology,withmotor,emotionalandcognitivecomponents.Scientistsstudyallkindsofemotionsandbehaviour,butfewfocusesonthismostbasicingredient.Laughtergivesusacluethatwehavepowerfulsystemsinourbrainwhichrespondtopleasure,happinessandjoy.It'salsoinvolvedineventssuchasreleaseoffear.Myprofessionalfocushasalwaysbeenonemotionalbehaviour.Ispentmanyyearsinvestigatingtheneuralbasisoffearinrats,andcametolaughterviathatroute.WhenIwasworkingwithrats,Inoticedthatwhentheywerealone,inanexposedenvironment,theywerescaredandquiteuncomfortable.Backinacagewithothers,theyseemedmuchhappier.Itlookedasiftheyplayedwithoneanother——realrough-and-tumble——andIwonderedwhethertheywerealsolaughing.TheneurobiologistJaakPanksepphadshownthatjuvenileratsmakeshortvocalizations,pitchedtooforhumanstohear,duringrough-and-tumbleplay.Hethinksthesearesimilarlaughter.Thislaughter.ThismademewonderabouttherootsofEverythinghumansdohasafunction,andlaughingisnoexception.Itsfunctionissurelycommunication.Weneedtobuildsocialstructuresinordertolivewellinoursocietyandevolutionhasselectedlaughterasausefuldeviceforpromotingsocialcommunication.Inotherwords,itmusthaveasurvivaladvantageforthespecies.Thebrainscansareusuallydonewhilepeoplearerespondingtohumorousmaterial.Youseebrainwaveactivityspreadfromthesensoryprocessingareaoftheoccipitallobe,thebitatthebackofthebrainthatprocessesvisualsignals,tothebrain’sfrontallobe.Itseemsthatthefrontallobeisinvolvedinrecognisingthingsasfunny.Theleftsideofthefrontallobeanalysesrequiredto“get”jokes.Finally,activityspreadstothemotorareasofthebraincontrollingthephysicaltaskoflaughing.Wealsoknowaboutthesecomplexpathwaysinvolvedinlaughterfromneurologicalillnessandinjury.Sometimesafterbraindamage,tumours,strokeorbraindisorderssuchasParkinson’sdisease,peopleget“stonefacedsyndrome”andcan’tlaugh.IlaughalotwhenIwatchamateurvideosofchildren,becausethey’resonatural.I’msurethey’renotforcinganythingfunnytohappen.Idon’tparticularlylaughhardatjokes,butratheratsituations.IalsoloveoldcomedymoviessuchasLaurelandHardyandanextremelyticklish.Afterstartingtostudylaughterindepth,Ibegantolaughandsmilemoreinsocialsituations,thoseinvolvingeitherclosenessorhostility.Laughterreallycreatesabridgebetweenpeople,disarmsthem,andfacilitatesamicableWhathavetheyIsittruethatlaughingcanmakeusSowhydopeoplelaughsoWhatmakesyouHowdidyoucometoresearchSowhat’sitTextTextIfyou'reasociallyawkward,glass-half-emptysortofperson,takenote:Newresearchsuggestshavinga"distressed"personalitymayjeopardizeyourhealth.AstudypublishedtodayinthejournalCirculation:CardiovascularQualityandOutcomesfindsthatthosewiththispersonalitytype,knownasTypeD,areatthreetimestheriskforfutureheartproblems,includingperipheralarterydisease,heartfailure,anddeath,comparedtomoreoptimisticsorts.TypeDpersonality,firstdefinedinthe'90s,ischaracterizedbyfeelingsofnegativity,depression,anxiety,stress,anger,andloneliness.TypeDpersonalitiessweatthesmallstuffandoftenexpecttheworst.Theyhavetroublemakingfriendsandoftenhavelowself-esteem.Theyaretense,chronicallyangry,andoverreacttostressfulsituations;theyalsotendtoconcealtheirfeelingsfromothersoutoffearofrejection.About20percentofhealthyAmericansareTypeD's,asareuptohalfofpeoplebeingtreatedforheartproblems,saysstudyauthorJohanDenollet,apsychologistatTilburgUniversityintheNetherlands.Denolletandhiscolleaguesanalyzed49previousstudiesinvolvingmorethan6,000peopleandfoundthatTypeDspellstrouble—especiallyforheartpatients,whohadagreaterriskofdyingiftheyhadthispersonalitytype,comparedtonon-D's."Itreallyaddsweighttotheargumentthatthiscore,hostilepersonalityisaconcern—oroughttobeaconcern—forpeoplewhohaveit,"saysBarryJacobs,aclinicalpsychologistandAmericanHeartAssociationspokesman."Ifyouperceivethingsinaparticularlyskewed,negativeway,yourbodywillbecomemorereactiveovertime,andtherewillbelong-termhealthconsequences."Inpreviousresearch,Denolletstudiednearly300heartpatientsinacardiacrehabilitationprogramandfoundthat27percentofthoseclassifiedasTypeDdiedwithineightyears(mostlyofheartattacksandstrokes),comparedto7percentofthenon-D’s.ThelinkbetweenTypeDpersonalityandpoorhealthoutcomesismostdrivenbyitshallmarkhighstresslevels,Denolletsays.UnlikeTypeA'swhovent,TypeD's—whodon'ttendtospeakupforthemselvesorexpresstheiremotions—haveoutletfortheiroutletfortheirstress.Stresscauseshighcortisollevels,which,inturn,canelevatebloodpressureandleadtochronic,artery-damaginginflammation.Behaviorprobablyplaysarole,too,saysDenollet,sinceTypeD'sarelesslikelytoexercise,quitsmoking,andareratherbadat"complyingwithtreatmentprograms."Andbecausethey'retypicallytenseandinsecureinsocialsituations,TypeD'smayalsoshyawayfromseekingmedicalcareorprefernottodiscussworrisomesymptomswiththeirdoctors.A14-questionscaleisusedtodeterminewhetherfolkshaveTypeD.Butyoucanaskyourselfthefollowingquestions:Doyouoftenfeelunhappy?Isyourviewoftheworldgloomy?Areyouoftenirritated,orinabadmood?Doyoumakeabigdealoutofunimportantissues?Isitdifficultforyoutostartconversations?Doyoutendtokeeppeopleatadistance?Answeringyestoseveralmayclueyouinthatyouneedtomakesomechanges.Whilepersonalitycanbetoughtochange,psychotherapyandcognitivebehavioraltherapymayhelpthosewhofindthattheirextremepessimismorsocialwithdrawalaffectstheirdailyfunctioning.FormostTypeD's,however,professionalhelpisn'tnecessary."Peoplecanworkonchangingtheiroutlook.Sometimestheyturnoveranewleafbecauseofanexperiencethey'vehad,andtheylearntocounttheirblessings,"Jacobssays."Havingagoodattitudeabouttheworld,avoidingnegativethinking,learningtorelax[should]allbecomepartofaheart-wellnessTextCurrentgymdogmaholdsthattobuildmusclesizeyouneedtoliftheavyweights.However,anewstudyconductedatMcMasterUniversityhasshownthatasimilardegreeofmusclebuildingcanbeachievedbyusinglighterweights.Thesecretistopumpironuntilyoureachmusclefatigue.ThefindingsarepublishedinPLoS"Ratherthangruntingandstrainingtoliftheavyweights,youcangrabsomethingmuchlighterbutyouhavetoliftituntilyoucan'tliftitanymore,"saysStuartassociateprofessorofkinesiologyatMcMasterUniversity."We'reconvincedassociateprofessorofkinesiologyatMcMasterUniversity."We'reconvincedthatgrowingmusclemeansstimulatingyourmuscletomakenewmuscleproteins,aprocessinthebodythatovertimeaccumulatesintobiggermuscles."PhillipspraisedleadauthorandseniorPh.D.studentNicholasBurdformastermindingtheprojectthatshowedit'sreallynottheweightthatyouliftbutthefactthatyougetmuscularfatiguethat'sthecriticalpointinbuildingmuscle.Thestudyusedlightweightsthatrepresentedapercentageofwhatthesubjectscouldlift.Theheavierweightsweresetto90%ofaperson'sbestliftandthelightweightsatamere30%ofwhatpeoplecouldlift."It'saverylightweight,"saysPhillipsnotingthatthe90-80%rangeisusuallysomethingpeoplecanliftfrom5-10timesbeforefatiguesetsin.At30%,Burdreportedthatsubjectscouldliftthatweightatleast24timesbeforetheyfelt"We'reexcitedtoseewherethisnewparadigmwilllead,"saysPhillips,addingthatthesenewdatahavepracticalsignificanceforgymenthusiastsbutmoreimportantlyforpeoplewithcompromisedskeletalmusclemass,suchasthepatientswithcancer,orthosewhoarerecoveringfromtrauma,surgeryorevenTextWhentheclockstruckmidnightonJune30ththenumberofjoblessmeninAmericaincreasedby450.Few,though,willpitytheseidlelabourers.Theaverageamongthemearnedaround$5mlastyear.Theiremployershadlongthoughtthattoomuch.SotheownersoftheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)lockedouttheirplayersafterthetwosidesfailedtoreachanewcollective-bargainingagreement.WiththeNationalFootballLeague(NFL)inaAswiththeNFL,theNBAlockoutcomesataninopportunetime.Thewastakenjust18daysafteranexcitingchampionshipthatsawtheleague’smostcaptivating(andskilled)villain,LeBronJamesoftheMiamiHeat,outplayedbylikeablelegend,DirkNowitzkiofthevictoriousDallasMavericks.Thatcappedaseasoninwhichsalesofticketsandmerchandise,aswelllikeablelegend,DirkNowitzkiofthevictoriousDallasMavericks.Thatcappedaseasoninwhichsalesofticketsandmerchandise,aswellasTVratings,wereup.“Wehadagreatyearintermsoftheappreciationofourfansforourgame.Itjustwasn’taprofitableonefortheowners,”saysDavidStern,theleague’slongtimecommissioner.Heclaimsthat22oftheNBA’s30teamsarelosingmoney.Asaresult,teamownerswantfundamentalchangestotheeconomicstructureoftheleague.Forstarters,thatmeansreplacingthecurrentsoftcaponplayers’salarieswithahardonethatwilldomoretolimitthecontractsdoledoutbythewealthierclubs.Theyalsowanttoseetheleague’srevenues,whichamountedto$3.8billionlastseasonaccordingtoForbes,splitupinawaythatismuchmorefavourabletothemandlessfavourabletotheplayers.Theplayers,inturn,accusetheownersofpoorteamwork.Theysaythatmorerevenue-sharingbetweentheleague’shavesandhave-notscouldresolvetheteams’exaggeratedfinancialtroubles.Muchdependsonwhosenumbersyoubelieve.Intheendtheplayerswillprobablyhavetomakeatleastmodestconcessionsontheircontractsandsalaries,buttheyhavethusfarrejectedtheowners’demandingproposals.Abouttheonlythingthetwosidescurrentlyagreeonishowfaraparttheyare,raisingfearsthatthenextseasonmaybecancelledaltogether.TheNFL,ontheotherhand,lookstobemovingclosertoadealthatwouldenditsfour-monthworkstoppage.ButthatoughtnottoraisethehopesofNBAfansmuch.NoNFLteamappearstobelosingmoneyandtheleague’sbasiceconomicframeworkisnotindispute.Theincentivesfacingeachsportarealsoquitedifferent.Withpre-seasongamesonlyamonthaway,furthersquabblingcouldcosttheNFLasmuchas$200mforeachmissedweekofpractice.ComparethatwiththeNBA,wheresomeownersmayactuallyprefertoforgoanotherunprofitableseasonifitresultsinabetterTextHereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestionswhatpersonalaredesirablearedesirableinateacher?Probablynotwopeoplewoulddrawupexactlysimilarlists,butIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.First,theteacher’spersonalityshouldbepleasantlyliveandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysicallyplain,orevenugly,becausemanysuchhavegreatpersonalcharm.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesastheover-excitable,melancholy,frigid,sarcastic,cynical,frustrated,andover-bearing:Iwouldsaytoo,thatitexcludesallofdullorpurelynegativepersonality.IstillsticktowhatIsaidinmyearlierbookthatschoolchildrenprobably“suffermorefromboresthanfrombrutes.”Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaveagenuinecapacityforsympathy——intheliteralmeaningofthatword;acapacitytotuneintothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,especially,sincemostteachersareschoolteachers,tothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant——not,indeed,ofwhatiswrong,butofthefrailtyandimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinducepeople,andagainespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingaplastersaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengths,andlimitations,andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbeguided.Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbeabitofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeabletoputonanact——toenlivenalesson,correctafault,orawardpraise.Children,especiallyyoungchildren,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife.Ateachermustremainmentallyalert.Hewillnotgetintotheprofessionifoflowintelligence,butitisalltooeasy,evenforpeopleofabove-averageintelligence,tostagnateintellectually——andthatmeanstodeteriorateintellectually.Ateachermustbequicktoadapthimselftoanysituation,howeverimprobableandabletoimprovise,ifnecessaryatlessthanamoment’snotice.Ontheotherhand,ateachermustbecapableofinfinitepatience.This,Imayislargelyamatterofself-disciplineandself-training;wearenoneofusbornlikethat.Hemustbeprettyresilient;teachingmakesgreatdemandsonnervousenergy.Andshouldbeabletotakeinhisstridetheinnumerablepettyshouldbeabletotakeinhisstridetheinnumerablepettyirritationsanyadultdealingwithchildrenhastoendure.Finally,Ithinkateachershouldhavethekindofmindwhichalwayswantstogoonlearning.Teachingisajobatwhichonewillneverbeperfect;thereisalwayssomethingmoretolearnaboutit.Therearethreeprincipalobjectsofstudy:thesubject,orsubjects,whichtheteacheristeaching;themethodsbywhichtheycanbestbetaughttotheparticularpupilsintheclassesheisteaching;and——byfarthemost—thechildren,youngpeople,oradultstowhomtheyaretobetaught.ThetwocardinalprinciplesofBritisheducationtodayarethateducationiseducationofthewholeperson,andthatitisbestacquiredthroughfullandactiveco-operationbetweentwopersons,theteacherandtheIt’stheteachers’obligationtobeTeachersshouldshowTeacherscanmakequickTeachersshouldneverstop20146CET-考前听力精讲班白子墨主师资简介：白子墨考研专著，如语实用法及疑难师资简介：白子墨考研专著，如语实用法及疑难一点通考研英语（二）词汇通》、《考研英语高分阅读一点通《考研英语作通关攻《考英语60特训风《考研英语：外文报刊精选》、《考研英语字典（8000词》等白老师网址：一、短对话解题策略1）canteen,cafeteria,Chinese\western restaurant,atablefor）canteen,cafeteria,Chinese\western restaurant,atableforthree,reserve windowseat\cornertable,hungry\starving, order,menu,waitingline\queue,trysomethingFrench\Italian,appetizer,vegetables,pork\lamb\beefchop\steak,salad,soup,maindish,sidedish,dessert,Frenchfries,pizza,applepie, food,sea food,sushi, meal,refreshment,vegetarian\vegetableonly\vegan,noredmeat,breakfast,lunch,brunch,dinner,meal,standtreat\myturn\onme,goDutch）landlord,landlady,tenant,neighbour,resident\dweller\inhabitant\denizen, waterbill,electricitybill,utilitybill,gasbill,telephonebill,laundryfee,rent,deposit, suburb\outskirts,citycentre\urban\downtow,address,livingquarte,road\street\avenue/lane\drive,alley,forsale,forlease\rent,refundable,noisy,inconvenient,shade,blackout,housealteration,roomallocation,propertyenquiry,settle,contract,contactnumbe,dormitory\dorm\studenthostel,homestay,youthhostel,bungalow,inn,flat\apartment,studioapartment,singlebedroom,doublebedroom,twinroom,bedsit\bedsittingroom,livingroom,sharedkitchen,bathroom,showerspace,garage,study,storeroom,laundryroom,entrancehall\lobby\foyer,courtyard,basement,firedoor\escape\exit,corridor\hallway\porch\aisle, slopingramp,balcony,fountain,estate,airconditioner\conditioning,heater\stove\radiator,fireplace,heating,stuffy,airy,ventilation,unfurnished,gascooker,utensils,spoon,kettle,pot,jar,waterpipe,runningwater,dishwasher,squeezer,microwaveoven,toaster,refrigerator\fridge\freezer,shower,mirror,basin,bathtub,detergent,soap,shampoo,sponge,toilet,lotion,towel,mop,broom,razor\shaver,dryer,vacuumcleaner,washingmachine,waterheater,）company\corporation\firm,department\division\section,surname,fullname,birthcontact, colleague\workmate,prestige,competitive,cooperative,teamwork,requirements,workload,challenging,well-paid,previousposition,jobresponsibilities,routinework,workshop,showroom,duty,dayshift,nightshift,part-time,promotion,raise,ambition,project\program,salary\wage\pay\income,allowance,bonus,commission,insurance,furthereducation,holiday,coffeebreak\teatime,pension,retire,welfare,staffing,newsletter,profit,bluecollar,whitecollar,officework,tourguide,travelagent,doctor,nurse,computerprogrammer,administrator,designer,writer,editor,Personnelaccountant receptionistassistantnetworkersecretarybusinessman\merchant,attendantphysicaltherapiststockbrokersalesman,cashier,dietician,hospitality,staffchefkitchenhand4）required\compulsorycourse,selective\optionalcourse,daycourse,eveningcourse,Chinese,English,mathematic,history,geography,chemistry,physics,literature,psychology,quiz,test,poptest,oraltest,finalexam,middleexam,retake\makeup,delay\defer\holdup\postpone,putoff\beoff\suspend,publicschool,privateschool,church\religiousschool,president,dean,professor,tutor,lecturer,coordinator,freshman,sophomore,junior,senior,bachelor,master,doctor,have\attendalecture,skip\cutaclass,missaclass,scholarship,assistantship,teachingassistant,researchassistant,semester,school\academicyear5））lend\borrow\checkout,referencechurch\religiousschool,president,dean,professor,tutor,lecturer,coordinator,freshman,sophomore,junior,senior,bachelor,master,doctor,have\attendalecture,skip\cutaclass,missaclass,scholarship,assistantship,teachingassistant,researchassistant,semester,school\academicyear5））lend\borrow\checkout,referencebook,renew,overdue,return,returnarea,））shopping\purchase,mall,customer,budget,subscription,retail,wholesale,bargain,discount\concession,rebate,receipt,invoice,pricetag,label,saleprice,promotion,article\item,window-shopping,conveniencestore,boutique,grocery,grocer,greengrocer,newsagent’s\papershop,checklist,householdelectricalappliances,cosmetics,souvenir,dailynecessities,perfume,stationery,ink,paperclip,balloon,string,metalwork,frame,leather\hide,motor,component,rearwheels,engine,brake,wheelchair,container,grill,heatindicator\thermometer,chewinggum,mat,nail,lid,handicraft,babycot,iron,fabrics,helmet,tent,sleepingbag）pedestrian\zebracrossing,pavement\sidewalk,overpass,underpass,block,signpost,gasstation,smallsupermarket,canteen,phonebox\telephonebooth10）11）makeanappointment,emergency,checkup\examine,cold,flu,headache,sorethroat,cough,fever,toothache,stomachache,twist\sprainankle,prescribe,pill\tablet,liquid,injection\shot,operation,diagnosis\medicalresult12）decorate,occupancy,wall,ceiling,roof,sunsheet,skylight,switch,gate\door,doorbell,peephole,fence\barrier,chimney(stack),tile,brick,Facility\Equipment\Apparatus,closecircuittelevision\videosurveillance,digitalTVset,stair,escalator,lift\elevator,ladder,pool,paddingpool,swimmingpool,rubbish\dust\garbage\litter\contaminant,carpet\rug,lamp,cushion,fireplace,table,chair,sofa\couch,coffeetable,armchair,stereosystem,personalcomputer,(ceiling)fan,bookcase,cabinet,wardrobe,closet,doubledecker/bunkbed,pillow,pillowcase,sheet,mattress,blanket,curtain13）14）(aero)plane\(air)plane\(air)craft,airport,terminalbuilding,book,timetable,destination,openticketonewayticket,roundtripticket,direct\non-stopflight,transfer\layover\stopover,first\business\economycabin,confirmtheflight,checkin,boardingcard,securitycheck,seeoff,keepintouch,board,VIPpassage,takeoff,departure,safety\seatbelt,safecard,securitycheck,seeoff,keepintouch,board,VIPpassage,takeoff,departure,safety\seatbelt,safelanding,arrival,pickup,flightnumber,onschedule,flightdelay,airportbus15））因果）无疑）建议）转折）今昔）谚语）人物二、短对话实战演练第一组CancelthetriptopreparefortheReviewhisnotesoncehearrivesinListentotherecordednoteswhilePrepareforthetestafterthewedding.ThewomanwillhelpthemanremembertheThemanlacksconfidenceinplayingtheThemanhopestochangehisroleintheThewomanwillpromptthemanduringtheshow.PreparationsforanAcomplicatedsurgicalArrangingabedforaHeisinterestedinimprovinghiseditingHeiseagertobenominatedthenewHeissuretodoabetterjobthanHehaslefthispositionintheHehasalreadyreachedtheretirementHemadeastupiddecisionatthecabinetHehasbeensuccessfullyelectedPrimeMinister.Thisyear’sshuttlemissionisabigstepinspaceThemaniswellinformedaboutthespaceshuttleTheshuttleTheshuttleflightwillbebroadcastliveThemanisexcitedatthenewsoftheshuttleflight.AtanautorescueAtacarrentingAtasuburbanAtamountaincamp.HegothisspeakersHewentshoppingwiththeHelistenedtosomeseriousHeboughtastereo第二组SurfingtheWatchingatalkPackingabirthdayHeenjoysfindingfaultwithHeissureofhissuccessintheHedoesn’tknowifhecandowellintheHeusedtogetstraightA’sintheexamshetook.ThemanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonThewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheThewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperThemanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.StudyforsomeAttendamedicalStayinMoreFairAcollegeShewasexhaustedfromherShemissedthecomfortsofShewasimpressedbyMexicanShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.CheerherselfCheerherselfupaFindamoresuitableSeekprofessionalHedressesmoreformallyWhathewearsdoesnotmatchhisHehasignoredhisfriendssinceHefailedtodowellat第三组Dr.Smith’swaitingroomisn’tDr.SmithenjoysreadingDr.SmithhasleftagoodimpressiononDr.Smithmaynotbeagoodchoice.ThemanwillrenttheapartmentwhenitisThemanmadeabargainwiththelandladyovertheThemaninsistsonhavingalookattheapartmentThemanisnotfullysatisfiedwiththeapartment.PackinguptogoDrawingupaplanforherEnglishBrushinguponherApplyingforavisatotheUnitedSates.HeisanxioustofindacureforhishighbloodHedoesn’tthinkhighbloodpressureisaproblemforHewasnotawareofhisillnessuntildiagnosedwithHedidnottakethesymptomsofhisillnessseriously.ToinvestigatethecauseofToraisemoneyforAIDSTorallysupportforAIDSvictimsinTodrawattentiontothespreadofAIDSinAsia.IthasaverylongItisaprivateItwasfoundedbyThomasItstressesthecomprehensivestudyofnature.Theycan’tfitintotheTheyhavenotbeendeliveredTheyweresenttothewrongD)TheywerefoundD)Theywerefoundtobeofthewrongtype.ThefoodservedinthecafeteriausuallylacksThecafeteriasometimesprovidesrarefoodfortheThestudentsfindtheserviceinthecafeteriaThecafeteriatrieshardtocatertothestudents’一、长对话解题策略1二、长对话实战演练第一组ConversationQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.TogoTohaveTopromoteanewItcanreducethenumberofpassengerItcanmakeairtravelmoreItcancutdowntheexpensesforairItcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.TookbalancedmealswithAtevegetablesandfruitRefrainedfromfishorAvoidedeatingrichfood.ManyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaManyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-NotmanyofthemchosetodowhatsheNotmanyofthemunderstoodtheConversationQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.AtaAtaAtaInacomputerThelatestcomputerTheorganizingofanThepurchasingofsomeThedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.DataCorporateInformation第二组ConversationQuestions19-22arebasedonthequestionsyouhavejustheard.HepickedupsomeapplesinhisHecutsomebranchesofftheappleHequarreledwithhisneighborovertheHecleanedupallthegarbageinthewoman’syard.TrimtheappletreesinherPickuptheapplesthatfellinherTakethegarbagetothecurbforRemovethebranchesfromheryard.FilealawsuitagainsttheAskthemanforHavetheman’sappletreecutThrowgarbageintotheman’syard.HewasreadytomakeaHewasnotHewasnotpreparedtogotoHewasabitConversationQuestions:23-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.BadBreakdownoftheHumanFailureofthecommunicationsTwothousandTwentyTwothousandTwentythousandTwelvethousandTwenty-twothousandfeet.AccuratecommunicationisofutmostPilotsshouldbeabletospeakseveralforeignAircontrollersshouldkeepaclosewatchontheCooperationbetweenpilotsandaircontrollersis一、短文解题策略1二、短文实战演练PassageQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.ImproveGetridofemptyFollowtheculturalByfindingsufficientsupportforBytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytoByconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimateBymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.ToshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktoToshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseToremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodToillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirPassageQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.Michael’sparentsgotKarenwasadoptedbyRayKaren’smotherdiedKaren’smotherdiedinacarAtruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.HeranaredlightandcollidedwithaHesacrificedhislifetosaveababyHewaskilledinstantlyinaburningHegotmarriedtoKaren’smother.ThereportedheroturnedouttobehisHedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltooSuchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonItremindedhimofhismiserablePassageQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.TheTheU.K.BydoingoddjobsatByworkinglonghourseveryByputtinginmorehourseachBytakingshortervacationseachyear.TocombatcompetitionandraiseToprovidethemwithmorejobTohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingTopreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.ChangetheirEarnmoreReducetheirworkingStrengthenthegovernment’s一、听写解题策略1二、听二、听写实战演练注：由于该部分于上次考试（2013.12）有所调整,故对前真进行微调,以满足最新的命题思路.第一组Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,wearelicensedtoprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylegalormoral（36）toanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,（37）physicalaswellasemotionalproblems,（38）patient-relatedservices,andmakeallofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.If,inany（39）,wefeelthataphysician’sorderis（40）orunsafe,wehavealegal（41）toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress,however,thatItissometimesrequiredthatweworkovertimeandthatwe（43）fourorfivetimesamonth.Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,disruptsoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesus