中考英语被动语态精讲练

被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者例1：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(主语English是动词speak的承受者。)例2：ThisEnglishsongissungbyMillie.(主语thisEnglishsong是动词sing发出的，即sing这个动作的承受者。)(二)被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。(没有必要或说出出版者)2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Thewindowwasbrokenbymike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他杀死了。3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。

Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4.表示客观的说明常用“Itis+过去分词”句型。

ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.据说露茜已经出国了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.大家相信他是个间谍。(三)被动语态的构成被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。注：不及物动词本身没有被动语态。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。(四)主动句变成被动句主动变被动的基本“三部曲”1.变宾为主：即变主动语态的动词宾语为被动语态的主语，当宾语为人称代词的时候，注意宾格和主格的转换。2.把谓语变成被动结构：即be+及物动词的过去分词。3.变主语为介词by的宾语：即变主动语态的主语为被动语态介词by的宾语，当主语为人称代词时，注意主格和宾格的转换。歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。主动句：主语+谓语+宾语被动句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语例：IwatchedafootballmatchonTVlastnight.→AfootballmatchonTVwaswatchedbymelastnight.(五)被动语态的句式结构以一般现在时的被动语态为例：肯定句主语+be+动词过去分词TheroomiscleanedbyTom.否定句主语+be+not+动词过去分词Theroomisn’tcleanedbyTom.一般疑问句Be+主语+动词过去分词?IstheroomcleanedbyTom?肯/否定回答Yes,主语+be.No,主语+be+not.Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.【例题】1.Keepquiet,please!Talking____duringthemeeting.A.isnotallowed B.isallowed C.doesn'tallow D.allows2.Thechildwithoutparents____goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.A.istaken B.aretaken C.take D.takes3.Lookatournewschool.It____lastyear.A.built B.wasbuilt C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt4.Inordertomakeourcitymorebeautiful,moretreesandflowers_____everyyear.A.willplant B.shouldplant C.shouldbeplanted D.shouldareplanted答案：AABC(六)不同时态的被动语态的结构形式时态结构一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were+done一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone过去将来时would+be+done现在进行时am/is/are+being+done过去进行时was/were+being+done现在完成时have/has+been+done过去完成时had+been+done含情态动词情态动词+be+done(七)被动语态的注意事项1.在含有使役动词（make,let,have）、感官动词（hear,see,watch,find,feel等）以及help的句子中，在主动语态中这些词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，须将to补上。Isawhimplayfootballontheplaygroundjustnow.→Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplaygroundbyme.2.teach,give,show,pass,buy,tell等后常接两个宾语，即双宾语：直接宾语（表物的）和间接宾语（表人的）。变成被动语态时，可以选取其中任一个做主语。但需要注意的是：如果选取直接宾语做主语时，那么间接宾语钱须加相应的介词for或to。Helenshowedmeaphoto.→IwasshownaphotobyHelen.→AphotowasshowntomebyHelen.3.由“不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语”的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉Shetookgoodcareofhergrandmother.→Hergrandmotherwastakengoodcareofbyher.(八)不用被动语态的情况1.不及物动词，连系动词及短语不能用于被动语态，常见的动happen,appear,stay,breakout,takeplace,belongto,cometrue,comeout等。Thefamouswriter’snewbookwillcomeoutsoon.那位著名作家的新书马上就要出版了。2.主语是感觉的对象，动词表示给人以什么样的感觉，如smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(摸起来)，look(看起来)，sound(听起来)通常用作连系动词，后面用形容词作表语，不用于被动语态。Thesilkfeelssoft.丝绸摸上去软绵绵的。3.不定式在形容词后做状语时构成be+adj+todo结构时，不定式不用于被动语态。常见的形容词有easy,hard,difficult等。Thequestioniseasytoanswer.这个问题容易回答。4.不定式做后置定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语能在句中找到，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。反之，不能找到不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用被动语态。Ihavealotofhomeworktodothisevening.今晚我又许多家庭作业要做。5.在require,need等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式被动语态。如：Myoldbikeneedsrepairing=Myoldbikeneedstoberequired。我的旧自行车需要修一下。6.有些动词如write,sell等用主动形式表被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.这支笔很好写。【例题】1.Everyday,toomuchwater____inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswasted B.wastes C.waswasted D.wasted2.Thestudentsinthisschoolaremade____schooluniformsonMonday.A.towear B.wearing C.wear D.worn3.Anewhospital____inmytownnextyear.A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt4.Tomygreatsurprise,thefamousathlete'sstory____differentlyinthenewspaper.A.wasreported B.reported C.wasreportingD.reports答案：AADA语法专练用所给词的适当形式填空。1.English______(use)asasecondlanguagebypeopleinmanycountries.2.WouldyoupleasetellMissLithatshe______(choose)asavolunteerforthesportsgame?3.Allkindsofshoes______(sell)inthatshop.4.Whenwegotothepark,wefoundit______(close).单项填空。1.Anewhospital_____________inmytownnextyear.A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.willbebuilt2.English____inCanada.A.speaks

B.arespoken

C.isspeaking D.isspoken3.ThisEnglishsong_______bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensings

B.oftensang

C.isoftensang D.isoftensung4.Thiskindofcar_______inJapan.A.makes

B.made

C.ismaking D.ismade5.Newcomputers_______allovertheworld.A.isused

B.areusing

C.areused

D.haveused按要求完成句子。1.Theboyeatstwobananaseachday.(改为被动语态)Thetwobananas_____________________theboyeachday.2.Thepostmanbringssomenewspaperstomyhomeeveryweek.(改为被动语态)Somenewspapers______________tomyhomeeveryweek.3.WecelebratetheSpringFestivaleveryyear.(改为被动语态)TheSpringFestival_____________________useveryyear.4.ThemobilephoneismadeinJapan.(对画线部分提问)______________themobilephone_______?单项填空

1.Teenagersshouldn'tbeallowed________,becausetheyarenotseriousenough.A.todrive B.drive C.driving D.todriving2.Theroom________everyday.A.cleans B.mustclean C.becleaned D.mustbecleaned3.Sorry,yourcar______infrontofthehotel.A.canput B.benotput C.can'tbeput D.canbenotput4.OurEnglishteacherisverystrict_______usandheisstrict________histeaching.A.with;at B.with;with C.at;at D.with;in5.—What'sthematter?—TheysaidIshouldnotbeallowed_______

here.Theydon'tallow_______inthewaitingroom.A.smoking;tosmoke B.tosmoke;smokeC.tosmoke;smoking D.smoking;smoking把下列句子改为被动语态WeshouldhelpMarywithswimming.Mary_____________________withswimmingbyus.Hishairistoolong.Heshouldhaveitcut.Hishairistoolong.It_____________________.Mymotheraskedmetodothehomeworkatonce.I_____________________dothehomeworkatoncebymymother.Hecanallowyoutomakeyourowndecision.You_____________________tomakeyourowndecisionbyhim.Wemaycleantheroomthisafternoon.Theroom_____________________byusthisafternoon.单项选择1.[2023河北40题]Breakfasteverydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.A.provides B.provided C.isprovided D.wasprovided2.[2022河北40题]—Mmm…Delicious.Whatisit?—Itzongzi,Tony.It'satraditionalfoodinChina.A.calls B.iscalled C.called D.wascalled3.[2021河北39题]Thesegiftsbychildrenintheirlastsummerholidays.A.made B.weremade C.make D.aremade4.[2020河北37题]Trainticketsonline.Itisconvenient.A.sold B.weresold C.aresold D.havesold5.[2023天津]SomephotosofthemoonintheSpaceC