2017年2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(381382)讲义高考英语一轮复习

长难句翻译1.Actingonthecontentionthatfactsaresacred,reporterscancauseuntoldsufferingtoindividualsbypublishingdetailsabouttheirprivatelives.长难句翻译解析Actingonthecontentionthatfactsaresacred,reporterscancauseuntoldsufferingtoindividualsbypublishingdetailsabouttheirprivatelives.【语法详析】本句的主干为reporterscancauseuntoldsufferingtoindividuals…。1.Actingonthecontention…作方式状语，因act与其逻辑主语reporters存在主动关系，故用doing；2.thatfactsaresacred作contention的同位语从句；3.bypublishingdetailsabouttheirprivatelives作方式状语。【词汇精讲】contention/kənˈten.ʃən/n.争执，观点【辨】contentn.内容adj.满意的sacred/ˈseɪ.krɪd/adj.神圣的，不容改变的【辨】secret秘密individual/ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪdʒ.u.əl/adj.个体的，个人的n.个体【名】individualism个人主义There’salotofcontentionaboutthatissue–foreverypersonfirmlyinfavour,there’ssomeonefiercelyagainstit.那个问题争议很多——有一人坚决支持，就有一人激烈反对。Hisdailyroutineisabsolutelysacredtohim.对他而言，每天的日常安排绝对是不容改变的。Likemanycreativeindividuals,shecanbeverybadtempered.像许多富有创造力的人一样，她的脾气有时会很不好。【参考译文】基于事实神圣的立场，记者能通过发表他人私生活的细节给个体造成难以言说的伤痛。Newspapersexertsuchtremendousinfluencethattheycannotonlybringaboutmajorchangestothelivesofordinarypeoplebutcanevenoverthrowagovernment.【语法详析】本句的主干为Newspapersexertsuchtremendousinfluence…。thattheycannotonlybringaboutmajorchanges…作结果状语，含notonly…but…结构。【词汇精讲】exert/ɪɡˈzɜːt/v.施加【组】exertoneself努力，尽力tremendous/trɪˈmen.dəs/adj.巨大的【近】enormous,immense,colossalmajor/ˈmeɪ.dʒər/adj.主要的v.主修【名】majority多数【反】minor次要的overthrow/ˌəʊ.vəˈθrəʊ/v.推翻，打倒Somemanagersexertconsiderablepressureontheirstafftoworkextrahourswithoutbeingpaid.一些老板向员工施加巨大的压力迫使他们无偿加班。She’sbeenatremendoushelptomeoverthelastfewmonths.过去几个月里她给我的帮助极大。Therearetwoproblemswiththissituation,onemajor,oneminor.这一情况牵涉到两个问题，一个主要的，一个次要的。HesaidthatAllende’sgovernmentinChilewasoverthrownbythearmyandtheCIAin1973.他说智利的阿连德政府1973年是被军队和中央情报局推翻的。【参考译文】报纸具有如此之大的影响力，以致于它们不仅能给普通人的生活带来巨大变化，还能推翻政府。长难句拓展1.Britain'snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.①小词典reminder[rɪˈmaɪndə(r)n.提醒物，引起回忆的事物；（提醒做某事的）提示信，通知单banker[ˈbæŋkə(r)]n.银行家，银行要员；庄家；稳赢的赌注②句子分析：本句的主干是Britain'snewruleisaremindertobankers。thatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm为同位语从句，修饰areminder。③参考译文：英国的新规定提醒银行家，社会不仅对他们的短期业绩有兴趣，而且对他们的长期业绩也有兴趣。2.Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.①小词典forgiveness[fəˈɡɪvnəs]n.宽恕；宽仁之心incur[ɪnˈkɜː(r)]v.带来（成本、花费等）；招致，遭受②句子分析；本句的主干是Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethat…。thegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty为宾语从句，其中criticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduation为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰courses。③参考译文：大学官员倾向于强调分数宽恕的目标与其说是分数本身，不如说是鼓励学生重修对学位计划和毕业至关重要的课程，而不会招致很大的惩罚。3.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettoe.①小词典speculative[ˈspekjələtɪv]adj.推测的，猜测的，推断的；投机性的，风险性的；好奇的，揣摩的；倾向于推测的，爱思辨的foreshadow[fɔːˈʃædəʊ]vt.预示；成为……的前兆n.预兆ethical[ˈethical]adj.伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的n.处方药②句子分析：本句的主干是theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefiction。Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb为时间状语；thatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettoe为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词aremarkableworkofspeculativefiction，其中toberaisedbytechnologies和yettoe均为不定式短语作后置定语，分别修饰manyethicalquestions和technologies。③参考译文：甚至在电灯泡发明之前，这位作家就创作了一部非凡的投机小说，预示着未来科技将引发许多伦理问题。长难句精讲精练1.Intheingmonths,wearebringingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare'splaysintheirownlanguage,inourGlobe,withinthearchitectureShakespearewrotefor.在接下来的几个月里，我们将集合来自世界各地的艺术家，用他们自己的语言，在全世界，在莎士比亚作品涉及的建筑中，来享受表演莎士比亚戏剧的乐趣。①语法笔记本句的主干是wearebringingtogetherartists。句首的Intheingmonths为时间状语，不定式toenjoyspeakingShakespeare'splays在句中做目的状语，intheirownlanguage为方式状语，inourGlobe，withinthearchitecture为地点状语。Shakespearewrotefor为定语从句，修饰architecture。②核心词表globen.地球;地球仪enjoyv.欣赏，享受…之乐趣;喜欢记忆词根记忆:en（使…进入状态）+joy（欢乐，喜悦）→享受…之乐趣搭配enjoyoneself玩得高兴enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事派生enjoymentn.享受;乐趣playv.玩;打(球);播放n.玩耍;戏剧搭配playwith玩耍，摆弄putonaplay上演话剧playapart/rolein在…中起作用;在…中扮演角色派生playern.选手;表演者withinprep、在…里;在…内部adv.在里面;在内部architecturen.建筑;建筑学记忆词根记忆:architect（建筑师）+ure(与行为有关之物)→与建筑师有关之物→建筑搭配classicalarchitecture古典建筑2.AlongtheriverbanksoftheAmazonandthe0rinocotherelivesabirdthatswimsbeforeitcanfly,flieslikeafatchicken,eatsgreenleaves,hasthestomachofacowandhasclawsonitswingswhenyoung.沿着亚马逊河和奥里诺科河岸，有一种鸟在能飞之前先游泳，飞起来像一只肥鸡，它们吃绿色的叶子，胃大如牛，在幼小的时候翅膀上有爪子。语法笔记本句的主干是therelivesabird。that引导定语从句thatswims...whenyoung,修饰先行词bird。定语从句中swims、flies、eats、hasthestomach和hasclaws由and构成并列结构;when引导时间状语从句，省略了主语和be动词。核心词表livevi.生活，居住vt.过着，经历adj.活的;直播的搭配lead/livea...life过着…的生活liveon以…为生liveoff靠…生活liken.爱好prep.像，跟…一样v.喜欢，喜爱leafn.叶;叶子stomachn.胃，胃部clawn.爪wingn.机翼;翅膀3.Giventhatmanypeople'smoods（情绪）areregulatedbythechemicalactionofchocolate,itwasprobablyonlyamatteroftimebeforesomebodymadethechocolateshopsimilartoadrugsto