Unit+6+Space+and+Beyond+Grammar 高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册

外研选择性必修第四册Unit6Period2Grammar12ToreviewtheusageofmodalsTousemodalscorrectlyActivity1:Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.目标一：Toreviewtheusageofmodals

aMillionswatchedthatfirstlunarlanding...aware...ofthemanythingsthatcouldgowrong.bTheworldwentintoshock,mostpeoplehavingassumedthatthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthantravellinginanaeroplane.cIcanrememberthatdaysoclearly,watchingthetake-offonTVatschool,...dThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous,remindingusthatwemustcontinuetoreachforthestars,...1Whichsentencetalksaboutability?2Whichsentencetalksaboutpossibility?3Whichsentencetalksaboutnecessity?4Whichsentencetalksaboutprediction?5Whatothermodalsdoyouknow?Whatdotheyindicate?cabdshall,should,...Nowlookformoresentenceswithmodalsinthereadingpassage.1Withtheeyesofstudentsacrossthenationuponher,shemight

haveinspiredanentirelynewgenerationofastronautsandspacescientists.2Buttherewasneveranydoubtthatmannedflightswouldcontinue,...【语法详解】1.can,could(1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。*Canyouliftthisheavybox?*Marycanspeakthreelanguages.*Canyouskate?此时可用beableto代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用can。*Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.(2)表示请求和允许。*—CanIgonow?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。*—CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?—Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)(3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。*They’vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead.*Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.(4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。*Canthisbetrue?*Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.*Howcanthisbetrue?2.may,might(1)

表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。*—Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?—No,youmustn’t.不可以。*—May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?—Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)用MayI...?征询对方许可时比较(2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。*Mayboththebrideandgroomhavelongandhappylives.(3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。*Hemay/mightbeverybusynow.*Yourmothermay/mightnotknowthetruth.3.must,haveto(1)表示必须、必要。*Youmustcomeintime.你必须按时来。在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t,don’thaveto(不必).*—Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?—Yes,youmust.—No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.(2)must是说话人的主观看法,而haveto则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时,haveto有更多的时态形式。*Hisplayisn’tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.*IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.(3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)*You’reTom’sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.4.dare,need(1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。*HowdareyousayI’munfair?*Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?(2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto,should代替。*Youneedn’tcomesoearly.*—NeedIfinishtheworktoday?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.(3)dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。*Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.*Hedoesn’tdare(to)answer.5.shall(1)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。*Whatshallwedothisevening?今晚我们做什么?(2)shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。*Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkhard.(警告)*HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)*Heshallbepunished.(威胁)6.will,would(1)表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。Will/Wouldyoupassmetheball,please?(2)表示意志、愿望或决心。*Iwillneverdothatagain.*Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.(3)will表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,意为“总是会;老是;就是”;否定结构意为“不肯;不能”。Somebirdswillflysouthwhenwintercomes.(4)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。*Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.*Thewoundwouldnotheal.(5)表示估计或猜想。*Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenshelefthome.7.should,oughtto(1)should,oughtto表示“应该”,oughtto表示义务或责任,比should语气重。*Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.*Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.(2)表示劝告、建议或命令。should,oughtto可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。*Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.*ShouldIopenthewindow?(3)表示推测should,oughtto(客观推测),must(主观推测)。*Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家)*Heoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.(不太肯定)*Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(直爽)这一定是放油的地方。*Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.(含蓄)(4)should(表示可能)假如,万一*Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,doletmeknow.目标二:TousemodalscorrectlyActivity1:Readthepassageandchoosethecorrectmodals.On15October1997,theCassinispacecraftsetoutonamissiontoexploretheplanetSaturn.SogreatwasthedistancefromEarththatitwould/shallneedtotravelforalmostsixyearstoreachitsdestination.WhenitreachedSaturn,itsentbackamazingimagesoftheplanet’sfamousringsviewedinultravioletlight.CassinimadenumeroustripsaroundSaturnsoitcould/mustcollectdata.Overthefollowingyears,Cassinitooksome450,000imagesoftheplanetanditsmoons.Finally,on15September2017,CassiniwaspointedtowardsSaturnsothatitshould/wouldmeetafieryend.ScientistshaddecidedthatCassini

could/mustbedestroyedthisway,soitmust/wouldnotcollidewithanyofSaturn'smoons.Initsnearly20-yearmission,Cassiniprovidedsomuchinformationthatscientistscould/wouldnotprocessitall.Nowondersomanypeopletooktosocialmediatobiditgoodbye,saying,"Farewell,dearCassini!Weshall/shouldneverforgetyou!"Activity2:Lookatthepictureandtellastoryusingmodalswhereappropriate.Icouldn’tbelieveitwhenIlookedintotheMartianshy....Sample: