2014年上海高考英语真题试卷（原卷版）

绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）考生注意：考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第=1\*ROMANI卷（第1－12页）和第=2\*ROMANII卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第I卷（共103分）I.ListeningprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Apolicewoman. B.Ajudge.C.Areporter.D.Awaitress.2.A.Confident. B.Puzzled.C.Satisfied.D.Worried.3.A.Atarestaurant. B.Atacarrentalagency.C.Inabank.D.Inadrivingschool.4.A.Adisaster. B.Anewroof.C.Aperformance.D.ATVstation.5.A.Catchthetrain. B.MeetJane.C.Getsomestationery. D.Cleanthebackyard.6.A.Askforsomethingcheaper. B.Buythevaseshereallylikes.C.Protectherselffrombeinghurt. D.Bargainwiththeshopassistant.7.A.Useaputerinthelab. B.Takeachemistrycourse.C.Helphimrevisehisreport. D.Getherputerrepaired.8.A.Amused. B.Embarrassed.C.Shocked. D.Sympathetic.9.A.Shedoesn'tplantocontinuestudyingnextyear.B.Shehasalreadytoldthemanaboutherplan.C.Sheisn'tplanningtoleaveheruniversity.D.Sherecentlyvisitedadifferentuniversity.10.A.Itspokehighlyofthemayor. B.Itmisinterpretedthemayor'sspeech.C.Itmadethemayor'sviewclearer. D.Itcarriedthemayor'sspeechaccurately.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.70.B.20.C.25.D.75.12.A.Thehousestherecan'tbesold. B.Itisaplaceforworkandholiday.C.Thecabinsandfacilitiesareshared. D.Itisrunbytheresidentsthemselves.13.A.Askiingresort. B.Aspecialmunity.C.Asplendidmountain. D.Asuccessfulbusinesswoman.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingnews.14.A.Thosewhooftensenttextmessages. B.Thosewhosufferedfromheartdisease.C.Thosewhodidnophysicalexercise. D.Thosewhowereunmarried.15.A.Theyrespondedmoreslowlythanusual. B.Theysentmoremessages.C.Theytyped10percentfasteronaverage. D.Theyeditedmorepassages.16.A.Whychemicaltherapyworks.B.Whymarriagehelpsfightcancer.C.Howunmarriedpeoplesurvivecancer.D.Howcancerisdetectedaftermarriage.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.pletetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Travellers'SurveySheetTravelpurpose:fora(n)__17__inLondonmentsontheairportenvironment/facilities:Likes: ·__18__·__19__walkwaysDislikes:·__20__shops·smalltrolleysBlanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.pletetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Whatiscriticalthinkinginreading?Assessingthewriter'sideasandthinkingaboutthe__21__ofwhatthewriterissaying.Whatisthefirststepinreadinganacademictextcritically?Findingouttheargumentandthewriter'smainlineof__22__.Whatmayserveastheevidence?__23__,surveyresults,examples,etcWhatisthekeytocriticalthinking?Toreadactivelyand__24__II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)MyStayinNewYorkAftergraduationfromuniversity,Ihadbeenunabletosecureapermanentjobinmysmalltown.SoIdecidedtoleavehomeforNewYork,

（25）______Imighthaveabetterchancetofindagoodjob.

（26）______(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedworkinalocalcaféasawaiter.Ibelievethat

（27）__________________Iwasofferedagoodposition,Iwouldresignatonce.Overtime,thehighcostoflivingbecamealittleburdenonmyalready

（28）______(exhaust)shoulder.Ontheotherhand,mysearchforarespectablejobhadnotmetwithmuchsuccess.AsIhadstudiedliteratureatuniversity,Ifounditquitedifficulttosecureasuitablejobinbigpanies.Motherhadjustsaidthat

（29）______Iwanttohaveabettercareeradvancement,Ihadtofindworkinthecity.Perhaps

（30）______mymotherhadtoldmewasdeeplyrootedinmymind.Ijustdidasshehadexpected.SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidnotlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficulty

（31）______(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.Afterninemonthsoffrustration,Ieventuallydecidedtogobacktomysmalltown.NotuntilIreturned

（32）______Irealizethataquiettownlifewasthebestforme.(B)Thegiantvendingmachine(自动售货机)isanewvillageshopVillagershavelongbeenusedtofacingadrivewhentheyrunoutofbasicsupplies.However,helpisnownearerathandinformofthecountry’sfirstautomaticpushbuttonshop.NowresidentsintheDerbyshireVillageofCliftoncanbuygroceriesaroundtheclockafterthehugevendingwasinstalledoutsideapubinthevillagethisweek.PeterFox,whois

（33）______electricalengineer,spenttwoandahalfyearsworkingontheproject.Themachine

（34）______(equip)withsecuringcamerasandalarmsandlookslikeaminishopwithabrickfront,agreyroofandadisplaywindow.Mr.Foxsaidhehopedhisinvention,（35）_____issettobeinstalledinothervillagesintheareaovertheingmonths,willmarkareturntoconvenienceshoppingforruralmunities.Hesaid:“IhadthisideaafewyearsagobutIcouldn’tfindamanufacturewhocoulddeliverwhatIwanted,soIdiditby

（36）_____.Theresultiswhatamountstohugeoutdoorvendingmachine.YetIthinktheterm“automaticshop”isfar

（37）______(appropriate)Inrecentyears,themercialpressurefromsupermarketchains

（38）_____(force)villageshopsacrossthecountrytoclose.In2010,itwasestimatedthatabout400villageshopsclosed,

（39）______(urge)thelocalgovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttostrugglingshopsorsetupnewmunitiesstores.Hundredsofmunitieshavesincesteppedinandopeneduptheirwonvolunteerrunshops,butMr.Foxhopeshisnewinventionwillofferasolution

（40）______thosevillageswithoutalocalshop.SectionBDirections:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.alertB.classifyC.mit D.delicatelyE.gentleF.imposeG.labelsH.moderationI.relieve J.signalsK.simplyLet'ssayyou'vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.However,youdon'thavetimetocarefullyplanmenusformealsorreadfood

41atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally

42yourselftoahealthierlifestyle,alittlehelpwouldeinhandy,wouldn'tit?Thisiswherea"choicearchitect"canhelp43someoftheburdenofdoingitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecontextsinwhichcustomersmakedecisions.Forexample,thepersonwhodecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarketincludingwhichshelfthepeanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup—isachoicearchitect.Governmentsdon’thaveto44healthierlifestylesthroughlaws

forexample,smokingbans.Rather,ifgivenanenvironmentcreatedbyachoicearchitectonethatencouragesustochoosewhatisbestwewilldotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesignsthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,withoutremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideabinesfreedomtochoosewith

45hintsfromchoicearchitects,whoaimtohelppeoplelivelonger,healthier,andhappierlives.TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedasocalled"trafficlightsystem"to

46foodsashealthyorunhealthy.Thismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproductcontains

47bylookingatthelightsonthepackage.Agreenlight48thattheamountsofthethreenutrientsarehealthy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe49;andredmeansthatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrientsandshouldbeeatenin50.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformation,butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.III.ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwothirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple51.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe52dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'soutandwhy;howtodealwithdifficult53situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural54,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally55issues.Dunbar56thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwothirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—57,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe58ofthehigherprimates(灵长类动物)likemonkeys.Bymeansofgroomingcleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor59fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar

60thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe

61itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto62thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe63tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore64kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal(有声的)groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwitheverlargergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyonetoone

65contact.51.A.claim B.description C.gossip D.language52.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally53.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural54.A.admirers B.masters C.users D.wasters55.A.vital B.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult56.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens57.A.forinstance B.inaddition C.onthecontrary D.asaresult58.A.motivation B.appearance C.emotion D.behaviour59.A.attack B.contact C.inspection D.assistance60.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses61.A.prospect B.responsibility C.leadership D.protection62.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease63.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gained64.A.mon B.efficient C.scientific D.Thoughtful65.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secretSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator(猎食动物)getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdseout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpserunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,

andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.66.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby______.A.gettingclosertoitsyoung B.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernest D.pretendingtobeinjured67.By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"(paragraph5),theauthormeans______.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothers B.chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinners D.chimpscanbeselfishtoo68.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.D.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.69.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie? B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Howdoanimalslearntolie? D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?（B）Let'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoumakethathappen?Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.Here'showitworks:Ahabitisa3stepprocess.First,there'sacue,somethingthattellsyourbraintooperateautomatically.Thenthere'saroutine.Andfinally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesirethebehavior.It'swhatyoucanusetocreateorbreakhabitsofyourown.Here'showtoapplyit:Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpick.arewardsay,apieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatway,thecueandtherewardbeeinterconnected.Finally,whenyouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,whichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupleofweeks,youwon'tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwilletoseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepoint,right?70.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsintheboxwitha“?”inTHEHABITLOOP?A.Pickanewcue. B.Formanewhabit.C.Chooseanewreward. D.Designanewresolution.71.AccordingtoTHEHABITLOOP,youcansticktoyourplanmosteffectivelyby______.A.changingtheroutine B.tryingitforaweekC.adjustingyourgoal D.writingitdown72.What'sthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse?A.Totestoutdifferentkindsofcues.B.Todosomethingasahabitevenwithoutrewards.C.ToworkoutthebestNewYear'sresolution.D.Tomotivateyourselfwithsatisfactoryrewards.73.“ThisyearwhenIseetheHarryPotterposter,Iwillread30pagesofanEnglishnoveloranEnglishnewspaperinordertowatchTVforhalfanhour."Whatisthecueinthisresolution?A.TheHarryPotterposter. B.Reading30pagesofanEnglishnovel.C.AnEnglishnewspaper. D.WatchingTVforhalfanhour.(C)Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualreality(虚拟现实)device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."AsIlookeddown,Isawmywholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIrememberbest."Thesetupisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskindofslowsynchronised(同步的)movementbeesfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody.Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwardspotentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracismthebias(偏见)thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants'biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"putyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult."Attheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject."It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,reallyremendittoeveryone."74.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.building B.exchanging C.controlling D.transplanting75.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat______.A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperienceB.wecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodiesC.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperimentD.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes76.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalcharacter,______.A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracismB.theyscoredloweronthetestforracismC.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramaticallyD.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem77.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreamsB.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperimentsC.virtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeopleD.ourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantlySectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorpletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Moreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR).CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers.Themostbasicistraditionalcorporatecharitywork.paniestypicallyspendabout1%ofpretaxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butmanyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough.Insomepanies,shareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbeingputtogooduse,andemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoodworks.Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhenpanieseunderattackfortheirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSR,whichisabranchofriskmanagement.Startinginthe1980s,withenvironmentaldisasterssuchastheexplo