中国智慧-文化面面观 课件 UNIT 3 Chinese Poets and Architecture、UNIT 4 Chinese Food and Wars

UNIT3ChinesePoetsandArchitectureArchitectureisabouttryingtomaketheworldalittlemorelikeourdreams–BjarkeIngelsArchitectureisnotbasedonconcreteandsteel,andtheelementsofthesoil.Itisbasedonwonder.DanielLiberskindPoeticAlleysandLanes

WhenJohnRuskinarguesinhisPoetryofArchitecturethatnomancanbeanarchitectwhoisnotametaphysician,heistryingtoconvincehisfellowcitizensthatarchitectureismoreofa“ministry”tothemindthantotheeyes.Itwouldhavebeenhisprofoundregret,ifhehadknownhiscountrymen,whohavebeenindoctrinatedwithtoomanyconceptsaspleasantshapes,colors,shadesandbrightness,andagainsttheideathatthechieffunctionofarchitectconsistsinitsinfluenceuponpeople’smind,arebynomeanshisbestaudience,andnobodycancatchontohisargumentsowellasaChinesewhoisacquaintedwiththeartofFengshui.TheforestofArdenneighboringShakespeare’scottagesparkedtheauthor’simaginationoffairieswhoselivesareexemptfrompublichaunt.CharlesLambdevelopedanintenseattachmenttothe“lightedshopsoftheStrandandFleetStreet”,andLondon,inhisaffectionateeyes,was“apantomimeandamasquerade”.ItwasinDoveCottagethatWordsworthwrote“ToaButterfly”,“TotheSmallCelandine”and“Daffodils”.Theagreeablesightaroundthecottagewashisjocundcompanyandhisblissofthemomentsinsolitude.Intangibleastheenvironmentis,itissubconsciouslyperceivedandconsistentlyaffectingpeople’sbehaviors.Environmentshapespeople,andagreatmanbecomesgreatbecausehisenvironmentmakeshimgreat.Fengshuiisnotasuperstitiousbelieforoldwives’taleinChina,butageographicaltheoryrevealedandutilizedbyChinesepeopleinordertobeharmonizedwiththeirenvironments.SanfangQixiang(三坊七巷)or"ThreeLanesandSevenAlleys",situatedatthecenterofFuzhouCity,istheancientresidentialareabuiltonthegoldenprinciplesofFengshuiTheory,whichaccountsforthefactthatthemenoftalentcomeoutinsuccession.TheclusterofhousesislyingpeacefullyandunpretentiouslyatthefootofWushanandYushan.Allthedwellingsareofsimilarheight,andnoimposingbuildingsoropulentabodesofpridebulgeouttoinspireunexpectedawe.Viewedatthetopofthehills,theirblack-tileroofsandpurewhitewallsformanimpressiveink-washpaintingandthebestembellishmentoftherollinghills.Thelanesandalleysaresereneasifeachhasagentleheartandbalancedmind.Butthereisanexception.Theboulevardrunninglongitudinallythroughistheboisterousmarketwhereflorists,fruitstalls,drugstores,snackbars,bookshops,pawnshops,jewelryshops,andbeautysalonsareclusteredtogether.Alongbothsidesofthearterialstreetrunlatitudinallythe10lanesoralleyswhichsplitthewholeresidentialareainto11blocks,formingapatternroughlyresemblingtheChinesecharacter非，onlywithmorestrokesontheright.TherearegateserectingatallthecrossroadswherepeopleusuallystrayoffintothelanesoralleysaftertheyhavegoteverythinginthemorningfairorbeenfedtothefullinthereputableTongliSnackBarwithabowlofRouyan(肉燕Fuzhou-stylewonton).Thegatewasbuiltwithtwostonepiersandseveralhorizontaltablets,allowingonlytwomentopassthroughitatthesametime.Sincethegatesareallnarrow,thehousesarehalfconcealedindeeprecessandundisturbedsecurity.Usually,poeticcoupletsareinscribedonthegatepillars.RhymingcoupletshavebeenusedinEnglishpoetryforlong,asseeninChaucer’sTheCanterburyTalesandShakespeareanSonnets.Theyareemployedtoemphasizethethematicconcernsofpoems.ButtheChinesecoupletsonthedoorsaredisplayedinadelicateartofwritingknownascalligraphy.OnthegatetoTaAlley,forexample,thecoupletsays:Sixsonshavepassedcivilexamination,andtheneo-ConfucianismprevailinChina;Pairofprunetreesaregreetingthestudy,andgoodworksilluminatethelife.Thefirstlineisabouttheelationofafamilyforsixsonshadpassedthehighestexaminationheldbytheimperialcourt.Thesecondlineisexpressiveofascholarlypursuitofacademicachievementandpeacefulmind.OnthegatetoGongAlley,thecoupletsays:TheworldlyconcerncouldbeshakenoffwiththeprotectionofThreePuritiesinTaoisttemple.AnimmortalfamehadbeenachievedbyShenBaozhenfortheestablishmentofFuzhouShipbuildingSchool.ThefirsthalfhighlightsthefamousTaoisttempleinthealley,whilethesecondlaudsShengBaozhen’sdistinguishedservicetothecountry.Anarrowamiablelaneisstretchingitselfforward.Pedestriansarestrollingalongonthestonetabletsfromwhosecracksorjointsthewildgrassoccasionallypeepsout.Thewhitewallsarenotstainless.Mosseshaveinvadedtheircornersandsometimeswanderinggrasshasoccupiedthecornices.Thegrassisyoung,butsomedwellinghouseshavebeenstandingthereforathousandyearssincethelateJinDynasty.Itappearsthattheartofcalligraphyhasbeenborrowedinthehousebuilding,sincetherooflinesagainsttheblueskyaremorelikethesprigofplumblossomsorbrushstrokesofcalligraphicworksthanthenonchalantoutlinesofamodernapartment.TherooftrussmightbenodifferentfromotherwoodendwellingsinChina,withrafters,postsandbeamsasitsframework,buttheeavesareoftenslightlyupturned,remindingpeopleofthetypicaltailofahorizontalstrokeinformofLishu(隸書clericalscript).Betweenhousesarefamoushorseheadwalls(馬頭墻).Theyareusuallymuchhigherthantherooftrusssothattheycanshelterthehousesfromrain,fireandstealthyglances. Clearlytheaestheticsidentifiedinpicturesquedwellingsandelegantcalligraphyhasaprofoundeffectuponthedwellers.Earlyin1068,ChenShimeng,themagistrateofFuzhou,establishedapoets’cornerandnameditGuangluyintai(光祿吟台).SincethenthepoetshavefrequentedthegladewhereahugestonewiththeinscriptionsoftheChinesecharacters光祿吟台（Guangluyintai）standsuprightlikeaquietflag.WallaceStevensargues“thepoetisthepriestoftheinvisible”.Butwhenthelargenumberofindigenouspoetsarediscussed,onemayarriveattheconclusionthatthereisahealthyandinvisibleinfluencethatmakesthelanesandalleysthebirthplaceofpoets.Wereitnotforthevenerablemansionwhoseinhabitantsincludethreegreatpoets,YangqiaoAlley,foritsfailuretosurvivetheravagesoftimeandrenovations,wouldbereducedtoadrabcommercialstreet.Themansion,bearingallthemarksofFujiandwellings,iscomposedofthreecourtyards,severalsmallyards,verandasandportals.Again,poeticcoupletsareetchedontheallthepillars.Thecoupletinthelivinghallsays,fullofvitalitylikethebroadseaandboundlesssky;open-mindedlikecarefreebreezeandclearmoon.Thecoupletinthestudysays,becontentedandbediscontented;dosomethinganddonothing.XieLuan’en,oneoftheownersofthemansion,onceexplainedthesecondcouplettohisgranddaughterXieWanying,whowasthenatthetenderageof11andwouldbewidelyacclaimedforherpoeticletterTotheLittleReaders12yearslater,thatoneshouldbecontentedwithsimplelifeandbediscontentedwithpursuitofknowledgeandmoralperfection.AnotherfemalepoetwhosenameisassociatedwiththemansionisLinHuiyinorPhyllisLin.PhylliswasalsothefirstfemalearchitectinmodernChinaandtogetherwithherhusbandLiangSichengfoundedArchitectureDepartmentofNortheasternUniversity.Asanarchitectwhoexcelledequallyatpoetryandcalligraphy,sheknewbestwhatLinJueming,heruncle,haddescribedaboutthemansioninthefamousfarewelllettertohiswife--sparseplumbranchesoutsidethewindowsievingmoonlightintoexquisiteshadows.JohnRuskin8February1819–20January1900wastheleadingEnglishartcriticoftheVictorianeraaswellasanartpatrondraughtsmanwatercolouristphilosopherprominentsocialthinkerandphilanthropistBackBackmet·a·phy·si·cian

(mĕt′ə-fĭ-zĭsh′ən)n.One

who

specializes

or

is

skilled

in

metaphysics.BackMinisterV(withto)togivehelp(to).Sheministeredtohisneeds.

服侍，照料MINISTRY

Nin·doc·tri·nate

(ĭn-dŏk′trə-nāt′)tr.v.

in·doc·tri·nat·ed,in·doc·tri·nat·ing,in·doc·tri·nates

1.Toinstructinabodyofdoctrineorprinciples.2.Toimbuewithapartisanorideologicalpointofview:childrenwhohadbeenindoctrinatedagainsttheirparents'values.BackBackfengshui

(fŭng′shwā′)n.TheChineseartorpracticeofpositioningobjects,especiallygraves,buildings,andfurniture,basedonabeliefinpatternsofyinandyangandtheflowofchithathavepositiveandnegativeeffects.Backex·empt

(ĭg-zĕmpt′)tr.v.

ex·empt·ed,ex·empt·ing,ex·empts

1.Tofreefromanobligation,duty,orliabilitytowhichothersaresubject:exemptingthedisabledfrommilitaryservice.2.ObsoleteTosetapart;isolate.adj.1.Freedfromanobligation,duty,orliabilitytowhichothersaresubject;excused:personsexemptfromjuryduty;incomeexemptfromtaxation;abeautysomehowexemptfromtheagingprocess.2.Notsubjecttocertainfederalworkplacelawsorprotections,especiallythoserequiringovertimecompensation:exemptemployees.ForestofArdenAwoodedarea,formerlyveryextensive,ofcentralEnglandnorthofStratford-upon-Avon.ItprovidedthesettingforShakespeare'sAsYouLikeIt.BackCharlesLamb(10February1775–27December1834)wasanEnglishessayist,poet,andantiquarian,bestknownforhisEssaysofEliaandforthechildren'sbookTalesfromShakespeare,co-authoredwithhissister,MaryLamb(1764–1847).Back

Back

pantomime(ˈpæntəˌmaɪm)n(Theatre)(inBritain)

a.akindofplayperformedatChristmastimecharacterizedbyfarce,music,lavishsets,stockroles,andtopicaljokes.Sometimesshortenedto:panto

b.(asmodifier):apantomimehorse.2.(Theatre)atheatricalentertainmentinwhichwordsarereplacedbygesturesandbodilyactionsmas·quer·ade

(măs′kə-rād′)n.a.Acostumepartyatwhichmasksareworn;amaskedball.Alsocalledmasque.b.Acostumeforsuchapartyorball.Back

DoveCottageisahouseontheedgeofGrasmereintheLakeDistrictofEngland.ItisbestknownasthehomeofthepoetWilliamWordsworthandhissisterDorothyWordsworthfromDecember1799toMay1808,wheretheyspentovereightyearsof"plainliving,buthighthinking".BackWilliamWordsworth

(7April1770

–23April1850)wasanEnglish

Romantic

poetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedtolaunchthe

RomanticAge

in

Englishliterature

withtheirjointpublication

LyricalBallads

(1798).Backjocund-fulloforshowinghigh-spiritedmerriment;"apoetcouldnotbutbegay,insuchajocundcompany"-Wordsworth;Backoldwives'talen.Asuperstitiousorspuriousbeliefbelongingtotraditionalfolklore.Back

un·pre·ten·tious

(ŭn′prĭ-tĕn′shəs)adj.Lackingpretensionoraffectation;modest:

atalentedbutunpretentiousmusician;anunpretentiousspeechacceptingtheaward.2.Notelaborate,ornate,orostentatious:anunpretentiousbungalow.SeeSynonymsatplain.Backop·u·lent

(ŏp′yə-lənt)adj.1.Possessingorexhibitinggreatwealth;affluent.2.Characterizedbyextravaganceorrichabundance;lavishorluxuriant:anopulentcostume;anopulentmusical.Backem•bel•lish•ment(ɛmˈbɛlɪʃmənt)

n.1.anornamentordecoration.2.anelaborativeaddition,astoastatement.Backlongitude(ˈloŋgitjuːd)nounthedistance,measuredindegreesonthemap,thataplaceiseastorwestofastandardnorth-southline,usuallythatwhichpassesthroughGreenwich.Whatisthelatitudeandlongitudeofthattown?经度ˌlongiˈtudinaladjective经度的ˌlongiˈtudinallyadverb纵向地Backstray

(strā)intr.v.

strayed,stray·ing,strays

1.a.Tomoveawayfromagroup,deviatefromacourse,orescapefromestablishedlimits:strayedawayfromthetourgrouptolookatsomesculptures.b.Tomovewithoutadestinationorpurpose;wander:cowsthatstrayedacrosstheroadtowardtheriver.SeeSynonymsatwander.2.Tobedirectedwithoutapparentpurpose;lookinanidleorcasualmanner:Thedriver'seyesstrayedfromtheroadtowardthefields.Back

re·cess

(rē′sĕs′,rĭ-sĕs′)n.1.a.Atemporarycessationofthecustomaryactivitiesofanengagement,occupation,orpursuit:ThechairmanofthecommitteecalledforarecessuntilThursday.SeeSynonymsatpause.b.Aperiodintheschooldayduringwhichstudentsaregiventimetoplayorrelax.2.oftenrecessesAremote,secret,orsecludedplace:abirdthatlivesdeepintherecessesoftheforest.3.a.Anindentationorsmallhollow:Dirtaccumulatedintherecessesofthestatue.Back

TheCanterburyTales(MiddleEnglish:TalesofCaunterbury[2])isacollectionof24storiesthatrunstoover17,000lineswritteninMiddleEnglishbyGeoffreyChaucerbetween1387and1400.[3]In1386,ChaucerbecameControllerofCustomsandJusticeofPeaceand,in1389,ClerkoftheKing'swork.[4]ItwasduringtheseyearsthatChaucerbeganworkingonhismostfamoustext,TheCanterburyTales.Thetales(mostlywritteninverse,althoughsomeareinprose)arepresentedaspartofastory-tellingcontestbyagroupofpilgrimsastheytraveltogetherfromLondontoCanterburytovisittheshrineofSaintThomasBecketatCanterburyCathedral.TheprizeforthiscontestisafreemealattheTabardInnatSouthwarkontheirreturn.Back

Back

Back

Sixsonshavepassedcivilexamination,andtheneo-ConfucianismprevailinChina;Pairofprunetreesaregreetingthestudy,andgoodworksilluminatethelife.六子登科，理学融天地双梅探屋，修文烛古今TheworldlyconcerncouldbeshakenoffwiththeprotectionofThreePuritiesinTaoisttemple.AnimmortalfamehadbeenachievedbyShenBaozhenfortheestablishmentofFuzhouShipbuildingSchool.紫极祀三清，仙家日月超凡俗；吴兴遗甲第，船政风云耀简编.Back

non·cha·lant(nŏn′shə-länt′)adj.Casuallyunconcernedorindifferent.Back

Back

fre·quent

(frē′kwənt)adj.tr.v.(alsofrē-kwĕnt′)fre·quent·ed,fre·quent·ing,fre·quentsTopayfrequentvisitsto;beinoratoften:frequentarestaurant.Back

glade-atractoflandwithfewornotreesinthemiddleofawoodedareaBack

drab

1

(drăb)adj.

drab·ber,drab·best

1.a.Ofadullgrayishtoyellowishbrown.b.Ofalightolivebrownorkhakicolor.2.Fadedanddullinappearance.3.Dullorcommonplaceincharacter;dreary:adrabpersonality.SeeSynonymsatdull.Back

TraditionalcourtyardlayoutBack

fullofvitalitylikethebroadseaandboundlesssky;open-mindedlikecarefreebreezeandclearmoon海阔天高气象风光月霁襟怀Back

知足知不足，有为弗有为becontentedandbediscontented;dosomethinganddonothingBackassociatevb(usuallyfollbywith)1.(tr)tolinkorconnectinthemindorimagination:toassociateChristmaswithfun.2.(intr)tokeepcompany;mixsocially:toassociatewithwriters.3.(intr)toformorjoinanassociation,group,etc4.(tr;usuallypassive)toconsiderinconjunction;connect:rainfallisassociatedwithhumidity.5.(tr)tobring(aperson,esponeself)intofriendship,partnership,etc6.(tr;oftenpassive)toexpressagreementorallowoneselftobeconnected(with):BertrandRussellwasassociatedwiththepeacemovement.nBack

林徽因与梁思成书法I.Readthefollowingstatementsanddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.AccordingtoJohnRuskin,nomancanbearealarchitectsincethereisnometaphysician.2.Theexamplescitedinthe2ndparagraphareusedtoprovethatthelivingenvironmentcanplayasignificantroleinshapingpeople.3.The"oldwives'tale"referstothetalenarratedbytheoldwives.Theyarebasicallycreditablesincemostofthemaretheirpersonalexperience.4.ThereinThreeLanesandSevenAlleysstandsimpressivelyaclusterofmodernbuildings.TTFF5.Allthelanesandalleystherearequietsincethereisnonoisymarket.6.ThecoupletinscribedonTaAlleyshowsthatthereisaTaoistTemplealongthealley.7.RhymingcoupletshavebeenalsoemployedinEnglishPoetry.8.Thehorseheadwallsareusedonlyfordecoration.9.Guangluyintaiisapoets'cornerwhichhasbeenthereformorethanonethousandyears.10.PhyllisLinwasthefirstfemalearchitectinmodernChina.FFFTTTIIGivebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions.WhydidsuchgreatarchitectsasLinHuiyinwritepoems?Canyouwriteapoemaboutabuilding?I.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.中国建筑在世界建筑群体中，可谓自成一体，中国建筑的历史于中国文明史相生相伴、源远流长。从收集到的一些遗存文字图案和标本等实物中可以找到充分的证据，证明国人一向采用本土营造体系和设计构思，其主要特征从古至今未曾改变。在广袤的大地上，从新疆到东北，从内蒙古到南海沿岸，同样的营造和设计体系被广泛采用。甚至在周边国家，如东边的朝鲜和日本以及南边的越南，也常常采用中国的营造体系和类似的平面布局。数千年来这些国家一直和中国保持着密切的往来，四千多年来，尽管中国接连不断的受到外界的影响，无论这种影响是敌视或者是友善的，还是在经济文化或军事方面的影响，但在如此广袤的土地上，中国的建筑体系依然能够持久存留，富有生命力，从而构成了绵延不断的中华文明的一部分。中国建筑在世界建筑群体中，可谓自成一体，中国建筑的历史于中国文明史相生相伴、源远流长。Amongthefamilyofarchitectureoftheworld,Chinesearchitecturemaybeconsideredanindependentbranchbyitself.ItshistoryisaslongasthehistoryofChinesecivilization.从收集到的一些遗存文字图案和标本等实物中可以找到充分的证据，证明国人一向采用本土营造体系和设计构思，其主要特征从古至今未曾改变。Fromeverysourceofinformation—literary,graphicalandexemplary,therecanbegatheredconvincingevidencestestifiedtothefactthatChinesepeoplehavealwaysemployedanindigenoussystemofconstructionandaconceptionofplanningwhichhaveretainedtheprincipalcharacteristicsfromtheearliesttimestillthepresentday.在广袤的大地上，从新疆到东北，从内蒙古到南海沿岸，同样的营造和设计体系被广泛采用。甚至在周边国家，如东边的朝鲜和日本以及南边的越南，也常常采用中国的营造体系和类似的平面布局。OverthevastareafromXinjiangtothenortheast,fromInnerMongoliatothesouthseacoast,thesamesystemofconstructionandplanningisprevalent.BeyondChina,inKoreaandJapanintheeastandVietnaminthesouththesamesystemofconstructionandsimilarplanarrangementsaremuchused.数千年来这些国家一直和中国保持着密切的往来。四千多年来，尽管中国接连不断的受到外界的影响，无论这种影响是敌视或者是友善的，还是在经济文化或军事方面的影响，但在如此广袤的土地上，中国的建筑体系依然能够持久存留，富有生命力，从而构成了绵延不断的中华文明的一部分。AndthesehaveallalongbeenthecountrieswhosepeoplecanbeestablishedveryintimatecontactswiththeChineseforthousandsofyears.Theabilityofthissystemperpetuatesitselfforoverfourthousandyearsoversuchavastareaandstillremainsalivingarchitecture,andtoretainitsprincipalcharacteristicsinspiteofrepeatedandcontinuousforeigninfluence,hostileorfriendly,economical,culturalormilitary,isaphenomenoncomparableonlytothecontinuityofthecivilizationofwhichitformsanintegralpart.AbrahamLincoln,AmericanDeclarationofIndependence,casementwindow,charcoalburners,Gothicchurch,IndependenceHall,logcabin,overhang,Renaissance,settler,twigII.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsprovided,andchangetheformifnecessarysettlerscharcoalburnerstwigsassoonastheSwedeshadsettledinDelaware.TheSwedeshadlivedin(4)inSwedenandwhentheycametoAmericawherelogswereeasytoget,theybuiltlogcabinstherealso.Atleastonelogcabinhasbecomefamous.Itistheone(5)wasbornin.NowthewholecabiniskeptinabigmarblebuildingbuiltespeciallytoholditandprotectitatHodgenville,Kentucky..logcabinsAbrahamLincolnSomeoftheearlybuildingsthatthesettlersfromEnglandbuiltwereGothicinstyle.AtJamestowninVirginiathesettlersbuiltasimplelittlebrick(6)whichhassincefallentopieces.ButanotherlittleearlychurchcalledSt.Luke’sisstillstanding.St.Luke’shasthepointedwindowsandsteeproofoftheGothic,andthisseemsstrangebecausethe(7)hadreachedEnglandsomeyearsbeforeAmericawassettledbyEnglishmen.GothicchurchRenaissanceInNewEnglandaswellasinVirginiasomeoftheearlyhouseswereGothic.Theywerebuiltofwoodandhadwindowsopeningatthesideonhinges(thewayadooropens),withmanysmallpanesofglassineachwindow—(8)theyarecalled.Generally,thesecondstoryofthesehousesstuckoutafootorsobeyondthefirststorysothattherewasan(9)infront.

(11)inPhiladelphiaisfamousasthebuildingwherethe(12)wassigned.Thatishowitgotitsname.itwasdesignedbyalawyer.ItisafineexampleofGeorgianColonialarchitectureinbrick.casementwindowsoverhangIndependenceHallAmericanDeclarationofIndependence,III.Read“PoeticAlleysandLanes”andwriteasummary.IV.Speakonthefollowingtopics.Thepsychologicalimpactofarchitecture:Howdoesthedesignandlayoutofabuildingaffectthementalstateofitsoccupants?Whatareexamplesofbuildingsthataredesignedtopromotewell-beingandpositivementalhealth,andhowdotheyachievethis?Theroleofarchitectureinfosteringcreativityandproductivity:Howcanthedesignelementsofabuilding,suchaslight,color,andspace,impactaperson’sabilitytothinkcreativelyorbeproductive?Aretherespecificbuildingfeaturesordesignstylesthataremoreeffectivethanothersinpromotingsuchtraits?V.CriticalthinkingThearchitectsofancientChinapaidmuchattentiontothedepthoftheoverhangoftheeave(飞檐).Whatarethefunctionsofsuchanarrangement?Andwhatisitsaestheticsignificance?ReadingThefirstchapterofElizabethClaghornGaskell's"TheLifeofCharlotteBronte"setsthestageforthebiographyoftheaccomplishedauthor.Publishedin1857,"TheLifeofCharlotteBronte"detailsthelifeandworksofCharlotteBronte,theesteemedVictorianauthorbestknownforherpopularnovel"JaneEyre."Inthisinitialchapter,GaskellprovidesbackgroundinformationontheBrontefamilyandtheirclosetiestothetownofHaworthinnorthernEngland.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1.WhyhadthenumberofinhabitantsofKeighleybeenincreasingforthelasttwentyyears?A.Becausepeopleweredrawnbythegreenscenery.B.Becausepeoplehadnootherchoices.C.Becausethemarketforworstedmanufacturershadbeenextended.D.BecausealotofChineseworkersflockedintoit.√2Whichstatementistrue,accordingtothedescriptionsinthe2ndparagraph?A.Therewasnoprofessionalmiddle-classinthetown.B.Lawyersanddoctorswerelivingintheneighboringvillages.C.Alltheinhabitantswerecoalminers.D.Lawyersanddoctorswerealsoneededintheflourishingtown.3.Theinitialsentenceofthe3rdparagraph,"thetownofKeighleyneverquitemeltingintocountryontheroadtoHaworth",means________.A.thetownfinallygivesitswaytocountryB.therearehousesalongtheroadtoHaworthC.theso-calledtownresemblesavillageverymuchD.thetownhasonlyonestreet√√4.WhyistherealightfeelingofdisappointmentwhenavisitorsetshiseyesonthesceneryonthewaytoHaworthfromKeighley?A.Becausetherearenobighousesforlawyersanddoctors.B.BecausetherearenoplantsfoundalongtheroadtoHaworth.C.Becausetheroadistoobumpy.D.Becauseallthethingsaretintedwithgrey.5.Theparsonagestands_______.A.besidethegraveyardB.abovemostofthehousesC.atthefootofthemountainD.abovethegraveyard√√

ChineseFoodandWarsUNIT4LearningObjectivesGiveaspeechontheimportanceoffoodsecurityLearnaboutexpressionsonfood1Talkaboutfoodandlegend23TextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingThereisnosincerelovethantheloveoffood.--GeorgeBernardShawTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingWeateinpavilionsonthesand.Pastriesmadeofcookedandshreddedfishandredandgreenpeppersandsmallnutslikegrainsofrice.Pastriesdelicateandflakyandthefishofarichnessthatwasincredible.Prawnsfreshfromtheseasprinkledwithlimejuice.Theywerefourbitestoaprawn.Ofthoseweatemany.Thenweatepaellawithfreshseafood,clamsintheirshells,mussels,crayfish,andsmalleels.--ErnestMillerHemingwayTextWords&ExpressionsQuotationsDeliciousTreatsfromTurbulentTimeUnderstanding

thetextLanguageExercisesReadingFujiancuisineisrenownedforitsexceptionalculinarytechniquesinpreparingbothlandandseadelicacies,offering

adiversearrayofflavorsandpresentinganoverviewofFujian’scustomsandhistorythroughthelegendsandstoriesassociated

with

itsdishes.Amongitswell-knownsnacksareOysterOmelet,SeaWormJelly,andGuangbing,whichwerereportedlycreatedduringperiodsofwarandhaveconnectionstocelebratedmilitarycommanderssuchasQiJiguang(戚继光),ZhengChenggong(郑成功),andZuoZongtang(左宗棠).OneofthemostpopularsnacksinnorthernFujianisGuangbing,whichhasaninterestinghistorylinkedtoQiJiguang,whowasaChinesemilitarygeneralandnationalheroduringtheMingDynasty,rememberedforhiscourageandleadershipinfightingagainstJapanesepiratesalongtheeastcoastofChina.Inthelate1562,whilepursuingJapanesepiratestoFuqing,histroopsencounteredinclementweatherandcouldnotcooktheirfood.Tosolvethisproblem,QiJiguangorderedthesoldierstobakesmallcakeswithaholeinthemiddle,whichtheystrungtogetherwithhempropeforeasytransport.Thesecakesprovedtobeadelicacyandapracticalsolutiontothetroops’mobilityandfightingcapacity.ThecakesbecamesopopularthatpeoplealloverthecoaststartedmakingthemforQi’stroops,contributingsignificantlytothewaragainsttheJapanesepirates.TohonorQiJiguang’sachievements,peopleadoptedtheword“guang”fromthemilitaryleader’snameandnamedthiscake“Guangbing”(“bing”meaningcakeorpie).Guangbingismadeprimarilyfromrefinedflour,salt,and

dietaryalkali.After

kneadingthedough,itisflattenedintoacircularcakeandtoppedwithsesameseeds,andthenholesarepunchedthroughthemiddle.Thecakeisthenlefttorisebeforebeingplacedinaspecialoventhathasbeenpreparedinadvance.Pineneedles,

freshlypickedfromthatyear,areusedtobakethecakeuntilitbecomescrispyand