2024年高考英语押题卷01（北京专用）（解析版）

2024年高考英语押题卷01（北京专用）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）IgraspedasandwichasItriedtofinishmyworkduringlunch.Mycompany,likemanycompanies,had1costsbynotreplacingpeopleastheyleft.Thesurvivorshadtotakeupthework.Formeandmyco-workers,thismeantnolunchhour.Iwantedtoquit,butgiventheeconomy,itwashardtofindanotherjob.Ifelt2.Thenaconversationwithasix-year-oldgirlchangedmy3.Theyounggirlwasstandinginlinewithhermomatthesupermarket.“Gooddayatschool?”Iasked.Anod.“What’syourfavoritesubject?”“Lunch.”Ismiled.Thathadbeenmy4too.Atlunch,Icouldtalkwithmyfriends,drawpicturesorplaygames.Therewerenoadultstotellmewhattodo.Thetimewasmine.Butwhathappenedtolunchtimenow?IknewIwasentitledtoalunchbreakatwork.SoIdecidedto5it.OurofficewaslocatedinthedowntownandIsetoutto6thearea.Afewblocksawaywasanartmuseumwithfreeadmission.Attheendofanotherstreet,Iwassurprisedtodiscoversomehorseseatinggrassinafield.Atthebeginningofmytoursduringlunch,Ireceivedsome7staresfrommyco-workers,butIchosetoignorethem.Infact,Iwatchedinamazementthatsomeofthemstartedto8theirworkduringlunch.9,westartedinvitingeachotheroutforwalksanddiscoveredwehadothertopicsofconversationbeyondthecommoncomplaintsaboutwork.I’mstilllookingforanewposition,butwithlessanxietythanbefore.Ifwecan’tchangeour10,wecanchangeourattitude.1．A．counted B．cut C．paid D．raised2．A．trapped B．fearful C．shocked D．hurt3．A．work B．way C．view D．plan4．A．decision B．explanation C．secret D．answer5．A．take B．make C．find D．stop6．A．explore B．measure C．develop D．identify7．A．innocent B．determined C．sympathetic D．unpleasant8．A．carryon B．takeover C．putaside D．gothrough9．A．Generally B．Gradually C．Accidentally D．Obviously10．A．strategies B．circumstances C．responsibilities D．principles【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．D5．A6．A7．D8．C9．B10．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者疲于工作，边午饭边工作，又想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作。后来和一个女孩的谈话改变了看法，认为午饭时间就应该是自己的时间。逐渐调整了心态：不能改变环境，但可以改变对待生活的态度。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和许多公司一样，我的公司为了削减成本，没有在员工离职时补人。A.counted数数；B.cut削减；C.paid支付；D.raised筹集。根据本句中“bynotreplacingpeopleastheyleft”可知，此举是为了削减成本。故选B。2．考查动形容词义辨析。句意：我感觉被困住了。A.trapped受困的；B.fearful害怕的；C.shocked震惊的；D.hurt受伤的。根据前文“Iwantedtoquit,butgiventheeconomy,itwashardtofindanotherjob.”可知，作者想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作，这是进退两难的困境。故选A。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来和一个六岁女孩的谈话改变了我的看法。A.work工作；B.way方法；C.view观点；D.plan计划。根据后文“Ifwecan’tchangeour,wecanchangeourattitude.”可知，作者的观点发生了变化：不能改变环境，但可以改变对待生活的态度。故选C。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是我的回答。A.decision决定；B.explanation解释；C.secret秘密；D.answer回答。根据前文“IgraspedasandwichasItriedtofinishmyworkduringlunch.”和““What’syourfavoritesubject?”“Lunch.””以及后文“Atlunch,Icouldtalkwithmyfriends,drawpicturesorplaygames.Therewerenoadultstotellmewhattodo.Thetimewasmine.”可知，作者因为工作陷入困境，不得不边午饭边工作，小女孩的回答解决了他的困扰，同时是也作者的内心所想，认为午饭时间就应该是自己的时间。故选D。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我决定接受它。A.take接受；B.make制作；C.find找到；D.stop停止。根据前文“IknewIwasentitledtoalunchbreakatwork.”以及前后的因果关系可知，作者知道自己有权在工作时间享用午餐，作者准备接受并享用这项权利。故选A。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的办公室位于市中心，我开始探索这个地区。A.explore探索；B.measure衡量；C.develop发展；D.identify确认。根据后文“Afewblocksawaywasanartmuseumwithfreeadmission.Attheendofanotherstreet,Iwassurprisedtodiscoversomehorseseatinggrassinafield.”可知，作者在这个区域探索发现了自己之前未曾注意的生活。故选A。7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在午餐时间开始观光时，同事们对我投来了一些不愉快的目光，但我选择忽略它们。A.innocent无辜的；B.determined下定决心的；C.sympathetic同情的；D.unpleasant令人不愉快的。根据本句中“butIchosetoignorethem”可知，前后为转折关系，同事们对作者投来了一些不愉快的目光，但是作者选择忽视。故选D。8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，我惊讶地看到他们中的一些人开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边。A.carryon继续；B.takeover接管；C.putaside把……放在一边；D.gothrough经历。根据后文“westartedinvitingeachotheroutforwalksanddiscoveredwehadothertopicsofconversationbeyondthecommoncomplaintsaboutwork.”作者和同事出去散步，除了对工作的常见抱怨，我们还有其他话题可以聊，可以推知，作者发现同事中的一些人开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边。故选C。9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我们开始邀请对方出去散步，并发现除了对工作的常见抱怨之外，我们还有其他话题可以聊。A.Generally笼统地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Accidentally偶然地；D.Obviously明显地。根据前文“Infact,Iwatchedinamazementthatsomeofthemstartedtotheirworkduringlunch.”以及后文“westartedinvitingeachotheroutforwalksanddiscoveredwehadothertopicsofconversationbeyondthecommoncomplaintsaboutwork”可知，作者和同事们一开始在午餐时间把工作放在一边，然后开始邀请对方出去散步，聊天。前后为时间上的递进关系。故选B。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不能改变环境，我们可以改变我们的态度。A.strategies策略；B.circumstances环境；C.responsibilities责任；D.principles原则。根据前文“Iwantedtoquit,butgiventheeconomy,itwashardtofindanotherjob.Ifelt.”和“OurofficewaslocatedinthedowntownandIsetouttothearea.”可知，作者想辞职，但是考虑到经济情况，很难找到工作，但是作者通过探索生活，午饭时间休息不工作，逐渐调整自己的心态：不能改变环境，我们可以改变态度。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A（2023·北京海淀·三模）Facedwithhealthornutritionquestions,itis11(increase)commonforpeopletogoonlineanddiagnosethemselves.ButtheInternetisfullofconflictinghealthwarningswithnoregulationtoremovethewrongadvice,someof12isextremelydangerous!Also,searchenginesrankresultsbypopularityratherthanaccuracy,sosolidfactscanbetrickytofind.Itisworthexamining13thewriterofanonlinepieceisproperlyqualifiedasanexpert.Remember,onlyofficiallyrecognizedpracticingdoctorsaswellasdietitianshavedegreesingivingmedicalsuggestions.【答案】11．increasingly12．which13．whether【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了当人们遇到健康问题时上网搜索自我诊断的现象，但其实网上的信息并不可靠，最后指出只有官方认可的医生和营养师才有资格给予实用的医疗建议。11．考查副词。句意：面对健康或营养问题，人们上网自我诊断越来越普遍。修饰形容词common应用副词形式，故填increasingly。12．考查定语从句。句意：但互联网上充满了相互矛盾的健康警告，没有任何规定来删除错误的建议，其中一些是极其危险的！分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是advice，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。13．考查主语从句。句意：值得研究的是，一篇网络文章的作者是否有资格成为专家。分析句子可知，It是形式主语，空处引导主语从句，结合句意可知，此处指“是否”，应用whether引导，故填whether。B（2023·北京昌平·统考二模）Mynewbookcelebratesthepowerofmathematicalthinkingtogetyoutoyourgoal14(success)withouthoursoflabour.It’syourshortcutthatmathematicians15mehavecomeupwithtoyourdestination.Ofcourse,whileI16(produce)ThinkingBetter:Theartoftheshortcut,Ireadagoodfewbooks.Here’salistofthosethatwerethemostinfluentialinmyjourneytofindthesmartestwaysofthinking.【答案】14．successfully15．like16．wasproducing【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的新书。14．考查副词。句意：我的新书颂扬了数学思维的力量，它能让你不花几个小时就成功地达到目标。修饰动词get应用副词successfully，故填successfully。15．考查介词。句意：这是像我这样的数学家想出来的通往目的地的捷径。后跟me作宾语，表示“像”应用like。故填like。16．考查时态。句意：当然，当我在写《思考得更好：捷径的艺术》的时候，我读了不少书。此处从句表示动作正在进行，且发生在过去，用过去进行时，主语为I，谓语用单数。故填wasproducing。C（2023·北京海淀·统考二模）Thiswasnotmyfirstattempttolearntorideabike.Ihadtriedonseveraloccasionsbutalways17(fail).Butthisshotfeltsomewhatdifferent.Determinedtosucceed,Itooktothestreetsofourquietneighborhood.Thelearningprocessproved18(pain),butIwentatitanyway.Afteramonthoflabor,Imadeit.Ibeganmydailytoursonthebackstreetswithlighttrafficandgraduallycycledtobusierareas19Icouldsharethestreetwithdogwalkers.Icouldalsogreetmyneighbors,appreciatinghoweverythingfunctioned20harmony.【答案】17．failed18．painful19．where20．in【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍作者学习骑自行车的过程。17．考查时态。句意：我试过几次，但总是失败。设空处为谓语，根据上文时态可知应是一般过去时，故填failed。18．考查形容词。句意：学习的过程是痛苦的，但我还是坚持了下来。proved在句中用作连系动词，设空处为表语，应用形容词，故填painful。19．考查定语从句。句意：一开始，我每天都在车辆稀少的后街日常骑行，然后逐渐骑自行车到更繁忙的地区，在那里我可以和遛狗的人共用一条街。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词busierareas，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。20．考查固定短语。句意：我也可以和邻居打招呼，欣赏一切是如何和谐地运转。短语inharmony意为“和谐地”，固定搭配，符合句意和语境，故填in。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2023·北京房山·统考二模）GeneralLRCrulesWehaveanumberofsimplerulestohelpyouusetheLanguageResourceCentre(LRC).Pleasecooperateandenjoyyourvisitwithus.●Noeatingordrinking●Nocopyingofaudiocassettes●YoucanusetheLRCcitheronyourownduringself-accesstimesoryoumayuseitwithyourteacheraspartofalesson.●Ifyouuseitasaself-accessstudent,youmustscanyourborrowerbarcode(issuedbythelibrarystaff)whenenteringandleaving.TheLRCisforusebyLanguageCentrestudentsonly.●Allbagsmustbeputinthebag-rack.Pleaseworkquietly.Thisisalibraryandmanystudentsarestudyingforexams.PhotocopyingWehaveaphotocopieravailable.Pleaseaskthelibrarystafftohelpyou.Thecostis20cforoneA4sheet.BorrowingfromtheLRCLanguageCentrestudentsarepermittedtoborrowmaterialsfromthelibrary.Otherschools’studentsmustusethefacilitiesattheirownschools.Full-timestudents:Giveyourphoto—IDcardtothelibrarianandyouwillgetanLRCnumber.Part-timestudents:Youwillneedtobringyour$50.00depositreceiptfromthecashier.Whenyourcoursefinishes,bringyourlibrarycardbackandyourdepositwillberefundedincash.LoansLanguagestudentscanborrowupto4items(ofwhichnomorethan2canbekits)atonetime.Kitsarebagscontainingbook(s)pluscassette(s).Allteachertraineestudentsmayborrowupto3items:●Testmaterials1week●Listeningkits1week●Mostotherbooks2weeksBooksmarkedREFinredarereferencebooksandcannotbetakenoutofthelibrary.BooksmarkedREFingreenmayberemovedbystaffonly.Mostitemscanberenewedonce.Testmaterialscannotberenewed.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．YoucanborrowandcopyaudiocassettesfromtheLRC．B．TheLRCcanonlybeusedbystudentsstudyingforexams.C．StudentsandteacherscanphotocopymaterialsattheLRCforfreeD．TeachersareallowedtousetheLRCwhengivinglessonstostudents.22．Accordingtothepassage,part-timestudentsattheLanguageCenter_________.A．canborrowatleastfouritemsatonetimeB．shouldrenewthetestmaterialsonceaweekC．shouldpayadepositbeforeborrowingmaterialsD．cantakebooksmarkedREFinredoutofthelibrary23．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．ToexplainhowtousetheLRC．B．Torecommendresourcesforlanguagelearning.C．Topresentthedifferentfunctionsofschoolfacilities.D．TointroducehowtoborrowreferencebooksfromtheLRC．【答案】21．D22．C23．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了语言资源中心的一些使用规则。21．细节理解题。根据第二段“●YoucanusetheLRCcitheronyourownduringself-accesstimesoryoumayuseitwithyourteacheraspartofalesson.(你可以在自己的时间使用LRC，也可以和老师一起作为课程的一部分使用它)”可知，教师在给学生上课时可以使用LRC。故选D。22．细节理解题。根据BorrowingfromtheLRC部分中“Part-timestudents:Youwillneedtobringyour$50.00depositreceiptfromthecashier.Whenyourcoursefinishes,bringyourlibrarycardbackandyourdepositwillberefundedincash.(非全日制学生：你需要带上你的50美元。这是出纳员给我的00英镑的存款收据。课程结束后，请将借书证带回来，押金将以现金退还)”可知，非全日制学生借用资料前应先付押金。故选C。23．推理判断题。根据第一段“WehaveanumberofsimplerulestohelpyouusetheLanguageResourceCentre(LRC).Pleasecooperateandenjoyyourvisitwithus.(我们有一些简单的规则来帮助你使用语言资源中心。希望大家合作愉快)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是解释如何使用LRC。故选A。B（2023·北京昌平·统考二模）Everwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationsengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.SomeofthepeopleontheteamhadbeenworkingonthemissionforlongerthanIhadbeenalive,buttheystilltreatedmeasoneoftheirown.Iwasgiventheopportunitytooperatethecamerasthatwouldcatchbreathtakingimagesoftheplanet.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.IreadtheHarryPotterbooksandlovedanythingfantasy.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24．WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A．ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. B．HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.C．Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. D．AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.25．Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutheroccupation?A．It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes. B．It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C．Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D．Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being.26．WhatdoestheauthorvaluemostintheCassinimission?A．Itshistoriccontributions. B．Theteamitbroughttogether.C．Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. D．Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C．Wellbegunishalfdone. D．Timelostcannotbewonagain.【答案】24．D25．D26．B27．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是一名工程师，工作包括规划、制作和操作飞行中的科学仪器。作者认为自己从事有益于人类的项目，感到感激和满足。24．细节理解题。根据第二段“AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.(在收到一封来自麻省理工学院的电子邮件后，在我妈妈的鼓励下，我决定申请他们提供的暑期项目。在参加了这个项目之后，我知道MIT是适合我的大学)”可知，作者申请麻省理工学院是因为一个暑期项目使她爱上了麻省理工学院。故选D。25．推理判断题。根据第三段“ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.(作为一名工程师，最令人兴奋和满足的部分是我能够从事有益于人类的项目)”以及“Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.(他们可能无法想象的是，研究我们自己的家园地球的大量工作正在进行。我很感激有这样一份工作，能让我承担起这样的责任)”可知，作者因自己为人类福祉而工作而自豪。故选D。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.(虽然卡西尼号将因其历史性贡献而被铭记，但我将铭记的是它所凝聚的团队)”可知，在卡西尼号任务中，作者最看重的是它所凝聚的团队。故选B。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.(我意识到英雄故事的一个共同主题是，英雄必须总是做出选择，开始他们的冒险。如果你在自己的故事中因为害怕接下来可能发生的事情而不拿起剑，你就有可能根本没有故事)”可知，我们能从这个故事中学到“勇者无惧”的道理。故选B。C（2023·北京海淀·统考二模）Evenpeoplewhotendtothinkconventionally,suchasaccountants,canbecreative,arecentstudysuggests,iftheycanlookatemotionalsituationsinadifferentlight.Inasetofexperiments,researchersfoundthatconventionalthinkerscameupwithmorecreativeideasthanpeersaftertheypractised“emotionalreappraisal”.Thismeansviewingasituationthroughanotheremotionallens,suchastryingtoseeananger-inducingeventasonethatisneutralorhopeful.Thestudyindicatesthatcreativityissomethingthatcanbetrained.“Wheneverwebreakawayfromourexistingperspectiveandtrytothinkaboutsomethingthat’sdifferentfromourinitialreaction,there’sacreativeelementtoit.Ifwecanpractiseortrainthatflexible-thinkingmuscle,itmayhelpusbemorecreativeovertime,”saidleadauthorLilyZhu,anassistantprofessoratWashingtonStateUniversity.Forthestudy,Zhuandhercolleaguesconductedtwosimilarexperiments.Inthefirstexperimentwith335peoplerecruitedthroughacrowdsourcingplatform,theparticipantswerefirstrankedontheiropennesslevelsandthenshownafilmscenedesignedtoelicit(引起)anger.Whileviewing,theyweregivendifferentinstructions:tosuppresstheiremotions,tothinkaboutsomethingelsetodistractthemselvesortotryemotionalreappraisal—lookingatthescenethroughanotherlens.Somewerealsogivennoinstructiononhowtoregulatetheirfeelings.Afterviewingthefilm,theparticipantswereaskedtocomeupwithanideatouseanemptyspaceintheirbuilding.Thoseideaswerethenevaluatedbyapanelofexpertswhodidnotknowanythingabouttheparticipants.Ideassuchasusingthespacefor“nappingcapsules”wereconsideredhighlycreativewhereasideaslikeopeningasimilarcafeteriaasbeforewereconsideredlowincreativity.Thenextexperimenthadadifferentgroupof177participantswriteaboutanexperiencethatmadethemangry.Theywerethentaskedwitheitherwritingaboutitagainfromadifferentemotionalperspectiveorwritingaboutsomethingelseasadistraction.Inbothexperiments,conventionalthinkingparticipantswhotriedemotionalreappraisalcameupwithmorecreativeideasthanotherconventionalthinkerswhousedsuppression,distractionornoemotionalregulationstrategyatall.Notably,forparticipantswhowereconsideredcreativethinkerstobeginwith,emotionalreappraisaldidnotseemtohavemucheffectontheircreativity.Astotheimplicationsofthestudy,Zhusuggestedthatsupervisorsinworkplaceshoulddeveloptrainingstocultivatecreativethinkingskillsinemployees.Individualscanalsopractiseemotionalreappraisalwhenconfrontedwithacrisisorchallengeinsteadofsuppressingnegativeemotions.28．Whichofthefollowingismostprobablyanexampleofemotionalreappraisal?A．Consideringanoccurrenceobjectively.B．Takingone’ssuccessasanopportunity.C．Distractingoneselffromanannoyingevent.D．Regardingdisappointmentasaturningpoint.29．Fromthestudy,weknowthat________.A．creativethinkers’creativitywasenhancedafterpractisingemotionalreappraisalB．evaluatingexpertshadadequateinformationabouttheresearchsubjectsC．theresearchfindingscouldbeappliedtothetrainingofemployeesD．thefirstexperimentaimedtoselectthemostcreativedesign30．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ChangeFeelingstoBoostCreativityB．EffectiveStrategiestoManageEmotionsC．ThinkOvertoExploreCreativePotentialD．ANewWaytoRemoveNegativeEmotions【答案】28．D29．C30．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述一项研究表明尝试情绪重新评估的传统思维者能够提出更多的创意，并且介绍了这项研究的过程。28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Inasetofexperiments,researchersfoundthatconventionalthinkerscameupwithmorecreativeideasthanpeersaftertheypractised“emotionalreappraisal”.Thismeansviewingasituationthroughanotheremotionallens,suchastryingtoseeananger-inducingeventasonethatisneutralorhopeful.(在一系列实验中，研究人员发现，传统思考者在练习了“情绪重新评估”之后，比同龄人想出了更多的创造性想法。这意味着从另一个情感角度看待一个情况，比如试图把一个引起愤怒的事件看作是中性的或充满希望的)”可知情绪重新评估意味着从另一个情感角度看问题，所以D选项“把失望当作转折点。”符合情绪重新评估，故选D。29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Astotheimplicationsofthestudy,Zhusuggestedthatsupervisorsinworkplaceshoulddeveloptrainingstocultivatecreativethinkingskillsinemployees.Individualscanalsopractiseemotionalreappraisalwhenconfrontedwithacrisisorchallengeinsteadofsuppressingnegativeemotions.(对于该研究的启示，朱建议工作场所的主管应该开展培训，培养员工的创造性思维技能。当面临危机或挑战时，个人也可以练习情绪重新评估，而不是压抑负面情绪。)”可推断，研究结果可以应用于员工的培训，故选C。30．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一句“Evenpeoplewhotendtothinkconventionally,suchasaccountants,canbecreative,arecentstudysuggests,iftheycanlookatemotionalsituationsinadifferentlight.(最近的一项研究表明，即使是那些倾向于传统思维的人，比如会计师，如果他们能从不同的角度看待情绪状况，他们也可以很有创造力)”可知本文主要讲述一项研究表明尝试情绪重新评估的传统思维者能够提出更多的创意，A选项“改变情绪，激发创造力”符合本文主旨，故选A。D（2023·北京平谷·统考一模）Askasmarthomedevicefortheweatherforecastandittakesseveralsecondsforthedevicetorespond.Thislatency(延时)occursasconnecteddevicesdon’thaveenoughmemoryorpowertostoreandruntheenormousmachine-learningmodelsneededforthedevicetounderstandwhatauserisaskingofit.Themodelisstoredinadatacenterthatmaybehundredsofmilesaway,wheretheansweriscomputedandsenttothedevice.MITresearchershavecreatedanewmethodforcomputingdirectlyonthesedevices,whichdrasticallyreducesthislatency.Theirtechniqueshiftsthestepsofrunningamachine-learningmodeltoacentralserverwherecomponentsofthemodelareencodedontolightwaves.Thewavesaresenttoaconnecteddeviceusingfiberoptics(纤维光学),whichenablestonsofdatatobesentlightning-fastthroughanetwork.Thereceiverthenemploysasimpleopticaldevicethatrapidlyperformscomputationsusingthepartsofamodelcarriedbythoselightwaves.Thistechniqueleadstomorethanahundredfoldimprovementinenergyefficiencywhencomparedtoothermethods.Itcouldalsoimprovesecurity,sinceauser’sdatadonotneedtobetransferredtoacentrallocationforcomputation.Thismethodcouldenableaself-drivingcartomakedecisionsinreal-timewhileusingjustatinypercentageoftheenergycurrentlyrequiredbypower-hungrycomputers.Itcouldalsoallowausertohavealatency-freeconversationwiththeirsmarthomedevice,beusedforlivevideoprocessing,orevenenablehigh-speedimageclassificationonaspacecraftmillionsofmilesfromEarth.“Everytimeyouwanttorunaneuralnetwork,youhavetoruntheprogram,andhowfastyoucanruntheprogramdependsonhowfastyoucanpipetheprograminfrommemory.Ourpipeismassive—itcorrespondstosendingafullfeature-lengthmovieovertheinterneteverymillisecondorso.Thatishowfastdatacomesintooursystem.Anditcancomputeasfastasthat,”saysprofessorDirkEngland.Theneuralnetworkarchitectureinvolvesstoringweightsinacentralserverthatisconnectedtoanovelpieceofhardwarecalledasmarttransceiver.Thissmarttransceiver,athumb-sizedchip(芯片),canreceiveandsenddata.Movingforward,theresearcherswanttoupdatethesmarttransceiverchiptoachieveevenbetterperformance.31．What’stheparagraph1mainlyabout?A．Thecauseofthelatency.B．Theeffectofthelatency.C．Theadvancedsmartdevice.D．Themodelsstoredinadatacenter.32．Howdoesthisnewmethodreducelatency?A．Byimprovingthepartsofamodel.B．Byusingopticstospeedupcomputations.C．Bycomputingdirectlyinremotedatacenters.D．Byinventinganewmachine-learningmodel.33．Theauthormentionsaself-drivingcarto________.A．introducetheimpactofthelatencyB．explainhowdataisquicklycomputedinthissystemC．demonstratethetechnique’senergysavingandsafetyD．highlighttheuser’ssatisfactionwithmoderntechnology34．Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A．Thenewtechniquewillbefurtherimproved.B．Opticsneedstobedevelopedandusedurgently.C．Thenewcomputingarchitectureisveryperfect.D．Thetechniquewasdevelopedtosendmoviesovertheinternet.【答案】31．A32．B33．C34．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种利用光学来加快计算速度从而减少延迟的新技术。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“Thislatency(延时)occursasconnecteddevicesdon’thaveenoughmemoryorpowertostoreandruntheenormousmachine-learningmodelsneededforthedevicetounderstandwhatauserisaskingofit.Themodelisstoredinadatacenterthatmaybehundredsofmilesaway,wheretheansweriscomputedandsenttothedevice.(这种延迟发生的原因是，连接的设备没有足够的内存或能力来存储和运行庞大的机器学习模型，而设备需要这些模型来理解用户的要求。该模型存储在可能数百英里外的数据中心，在那里计算答案并发送到设备。)”可知，第一段主要是讲延迟的原因。故选A。32．细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Thewavesaresenttoaconnecteddeviceusingfiberoptics(纤维光学),whichenablestonsofdatatobesentlightning-fastthroughanetwork.Thereceiverthenemploysasimpleopticaldevicethatrapidlyperformscomputationsusingthepartsofamodelcarriedbythoselightwaves.(这些电波通过光纤传输到连接的设备上，这使得大量数据能够以闪电般的速度通过网络传输。然后，接收器采用一个简单的光学装置，利用这些光波携带的模型部分快速执行计算。)”可知，这种新方法利用光学来加快计算速度，从而减少了延迟。故选B。33．推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“Thistechniqueleadstomorethanahundredfoldimprovementinenergyefficiencywhencomparedtoothermethods.Itcouldalsoimprovesecurity,sinceauser’sdatadonotneedtobetransferredtoacentrallocationforcomputation.(与其他方法相比，这项技术使能源效率提高了一百倍以上。它还可以提高安全性，因为用户的数据不需要传输到中心位置进行计算。)”可知，作者提到了一辆自动驾驶汽车以展示该技术的节能和安全性。故选C。34．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Movingforward,theresearcherswanttoupdatethesmarttransceiverchiptoachieveevenbetterperformance.(展望未来，研究人员希望更新智能收发器芯片以获得更好的性能。)”可知，这项新技术将得到进一步改进。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023·北京朝阳·统考二模）Inourmodernworld,thereareendlessalternatives.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfwonderingwhetheryoushouldquitorstayinyourjob,acceptanofferorgiveitupforanother?Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.35Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.Inthefieldofeconomics,opportunitycostisthevaluethatyouhavetogiveupwhenyouchooseanoptionoveranothergoodoption.36Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveupotheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.Itisnotalltheotheroptions,butthemostvaluedonethatisdefinedastheopportunitycost.37Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.Youmightsaveonthecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.38Thisishowyoucreateprioritiesinyourdailylife.Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantify.39Afterall,puttinganumberto