幼儿园双语教育的实践研究

幼儿园双语教育的实践研究一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在探讨幼儿园双语教育的实践研究。随着全球化的快速发展，双语教育在中国越来越受到重视，特别是在幼儿园阶段。幼儿园双语教育不仅能够帮助幼儿掌握两种语言，更能促进他们的认知发展、文化理解和全球视野的形成。本文将深入分析幼儿园双语教育的理论基础、实施策略、教学效果以及可能面临的挑战，以期为幼儿教育工作者和家长提供有益的参考。Thisarticleaimstoexplorethepracticalresearchofbilingualeducationinkindergartens.Withtherapiddevelopmentofglobalization,bilingualeducationisincreasinglyvaluedinChina,especiallyinthekindergartenstage.Bilingualeducationinkindergartennotonlyhelpsyoungchildrenmastertwolanguages,butalsopromotestheircognitivedevelopment,culturalunderstanding,andtheformationofaglobalperspective.Thisarticlewilldelveintothetheoreticalfoundation,implementationstrategies,teachingeffectiveness,andpotentialchallengesofbilingualeducationinkindergartens,inordertoprovideusefulreferencesforearlychildhoodeducatorsandparents.本文将概述双语教育的概念及其在幼儿园教育中的重要性，明确研究的目的和意义。通过文献综述和实地调查，分析当前幼儿园双语教育的实践现状，包括教育模式的多样性、教学方法的创新性以及教育资源的配置情况。接着，本文将探讨幼儿园双语教育的有效实施策略，包括师资培养、课程设计、教学资源的选择与利用等方面。同时，还将分析双语教育对幼儿语言能力、认知发展和社会适应等方面的影响。Thisarticlewilloutlinetheconceptofbilingualeducationanditsimportanceinkindergarteneducation,clarifythepurposeandsignificanceoftheresearch.Throughliteraturereviewandfieldinvestigation,analyzethecurrentpracticestatusofbilingualeducationinkindergartens,includingthediversityofeducationalmodels,theinnovationofteachingmethods,andtheallocationofeducationalresources.Next,thisarticlewillexploreeffectiveimplementationstrategiesforbilingualeducationinkindergartens,includingteachertraining,curriculumdesign,andtheselectionandutilizationofteachingresources.Atthesametime,theimpactofbilingualeducationonchildren'slanguageability,cognitivedevelopment,andsocialadaptationwillalsobeanalyzed.本文还将关注幼儿园双语教育面临的挑战，如语言学习压力、文化差异带来的挑战以及教育公平性问题等，并提出相应的解决策略。总结幼儿园双语教育的实践经验，为未来的研究和实践提供借鉴和启示。Thisarticlewillalsofocusonthechallengesfacedbybilingualeducationinkindergartens,suchaslanguagelearningpressure,culturaldifferences,andeducationalequityissues,andproposecorrespondingsolutions.Summarizethepracticalexperienceofbilingualeducationinkindergartens,andprovidereferenceandinspirationforfutureresearchandpractice.通过本文的研究，我们希望能够为幼儿园双语教育的健康发展提供理论支持和实践指导，促进幼儿全面发展和国际化素养的提升。Throughthisstudy,wehopetoprovidetheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforthehealthydevelopmentofbilingualeducationinkindergartens,promotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofyoungchildren,andenhancetheirinternationalliteracy.二、幼儿园双语教育的理论基础TheTheoreticalBasisofBilingualEducationinKindergartens幼儿园双语教育的实施并非无本之木，其深厚的理论基础源自语言学、教育学、心理学以及认知科学等多个学科领域。Theimplementationofbilingualeducationinkindergartensisnotwithoutitsroots,anditsprofoundtheoreticalfoundationoriginatesfrommultipledisciplinessuchaslinguistics,education,psychology,andcognitivescience.从语言学角度来看，双语教育符合儿童语言习得的自然规律。儿童天生具有学习语言的强大能力，尤其是在早期阶段，他们的语言中枢非常活跃，对语言的敏感度极高。在这个阶段引入双语教育，有助于儿童建立多元语言系统，提高语言理解和表达能力。Fromalinguisticperspective,bilingualeducationconformstothenaturallawsofchildren'slanguageacquisition.Childrenarebornwithastrongabilitytolearnlanguage,especiallyintheearlystageswheretheirlanguagecenterisveryactiveandhighlysensitivetolanguage.Introducingbilingualeducationatthisstagehelpschildrenestablishamultilingualsystemandimprovetheirlanguagecomprehensionandexpressionabilities.教育学理论为幼儿园双语教育提供了有力的支撑。现代教育理念强调个体差异和全面发展，双语教育作为一种特殊的教育模式，能够促进幼儿在认知、情感、社会性以及文化适应等多方面的综合发展。通过双语教学，还能激发幼儿的学习兴趣和创新思维，为他们未来的学习和生活奠定坚实的基础。Educationaltheoryprovidesstrongsupportforbilingualeducationinkindergartens.Moderneducationalconceptsemphasizeindividualdifferencesandcomprehensivedevelopment.Bilingualeducation,asaspecialeducationalmodel,canpromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofyoungchildreninvariousaspectssuchascognition,emotion,sociality,andculturaladaptation.Throughbilingualteaching,itcanalsostimulatechildren'slearninginterestandinnovativethinking,layingasolidfoundationfortheirfuturelearningandlife.再者，心理学理论对幼儿园双语教育的影响不容忽视。心理学研究表明，儿童在成长过程中会经历一系列的心理发展阶段，其中包括语言发展的关键期。在这一时期，幼儿对于语言刺激的敏感度较高，接受新知识的能力也较强。因此，在幼儿园阶段实施双语教育，有助于充分利用这一关键期，促进幼儿的语言发展。Furthermore,theinfluenceofpsychologicaltheoriesonbilingualeducationinkindergartenscannotbeignored.Psychologicalresearchhasshownthatchildrengothroughaseriesofpsychologicaldevelopmentstagesduringtheirgrowthprocess,includingacriticalperiodoflanguagedevelopment.Duringthisperiod,youngchildrenhaveahighersensitivitytolanguagestimuliandastrongerabilitytoacceptnewknowledge.Therefore,implementingbilingualeducationinkindergartencanhelpfullyutilizethiscriticalperiodandpromotethelanguagedevelopmentofyoungchildren.认知科学为幼儿园双语教育提供了科学依据。认知科学认为，人类的思维和认知活动是基于神经网络的复杂信息处理过程。双语教育能够刺激幼儿的大脑神经元之间的连接和沟通，提高他们的认知能力和信息处理能力。双语教育还有助于培养幼儿的多元思维和文化意识，增强他们的跨文化交流能力。Cognitivescienceprovidesascientificbasisforbilingualeducationinkindergartens.Cognitivesciencebelievesthathumanthinkingandcognitiveactivitiesarecomplexinformationprocessingprocessesbasedonneuralnetworks.Bilingualeducationcanstimulatetheconnectionsandcommunicationbetweenneuronsinyoungchildren'sbrains,improvingtheircognitiveandinformationprocessingabilities.Bilingualeducationalsohelpscultivateyoungchildren'sdiversethinkingandculturalawareness,enhancingtheircross-culturalcommunicationabilities.幼儿园双语教育的理论基础涵盖了语言学、教育学、心理学以及认知科学等多个学科领域。这些理论为幼儿园双语教育的实践提供了指导和支持，使之成为促进幼儿全面发展、提高他们综合素质的有效途径。Thetheoreticalfoundationofbilingualeducationinkindergartencoversmultipledisciplinessuchaslinguistics,education,psychology,andcognitivescience.Thesetheoriesprovideguidanceandsupportforthepracticeofbilingualeducationinkindergartens,makingitaneffectivewaytopromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofyoungchildrenandimprovetheiroverallquality.三、幼儿园双语教育的实践模式Thepracticalmodelofbilingualeducationinkindergartens在幼儿园双语教育的实践中，我们可以探索并发展出多种教育模式，这些模式以幼儿的全面发展为中心，旨在提供一个多元文化的语言学习环境。Inthepracticeofbilingualeducationinkindergartens,wecanexploreanddevelopvariouseducationalmodelsthatfocusonthecomprehensivedevelopmentofyoungchildrenandaimtoprovideamulticulturallanguagelearningenvironment.我们可以实施沉浸式双语教育模式。在这种模式下，幼儿园的一部分时间用于学习母语，另一部分时间则完全沉浸在第二语言的环境中。这种模式有助于幼儿建立对第二语言的自然理解和运用能力，同时保持对母语的熟悉和掌握。Wecanimplementanimmersivebilingualeducationmodel.Inthismode,aportionofthekindergarten'stimeisdedicatedtolearningthemothertongue,whileanotherportioniscompletelyimmersedintheenvironmentofasecondlanguage.Thismodelhelpsyoungchildrenestablishanaturalunderstandingandapplicationabilityforasecondlanguage,whilemaintainingfamiliarityandmasteryoftheirmothertongue.我们可以采用交互式双语教育模式。这种模式强调母语和第二语言之间的交互使用，鼓励幼儿在使用两种语言进行交流的过程中，逐渐理解和掌握两种语言的不同特点和用法。Wecanadoptaninteractivebilingualeducationmodel.Thismodelemphasizestheinteractiveusebetweenthemothertongueandthesecondlanguage,encouragingyoungchildrentograduallyunderstandandmasterthedifferentcharacteristicsandusageofthetwolanguagesduringcommunication.另外，还有一种是整合式双语教育模式。这种模式将双语教育与幼儿的其他学习活动相结合，如科学、艺术、社会学习等，使幼儿在学习语言的同时，也能获得其他领域的知识和技能。Inaddition,thereisanothertypeofintegratedbilingualeducationmodel.Thismodelcombinesbilingualeducationwithotherlearningactivitiesforyoungchildren,suchasscience,art,sociallearning,etc.,allowingyoungchildrentoacquireknowledgeandskillsinotherfieldswhilelearningthelanguage.无论采用哪种模式，我们都应关注到幼儿的学习特点，尊重他们的个体差异，为他们提供充足的语言实践机会。我们也需要不断地反思和调整我们的教育实践，以确保双语教育能够在促进幼儿全面发展的也符合他们的学习需求和兴趣。Regardlessofthemodeadopted,weshouldpayattentiontothelearningcharacteristicsofyoungchildren,respecttheirindividualdifferences,andprovidethemwithsufficientopportunitiesforlanguagepractice.Wealsoneedtoconstantlyreflectandadjustoureducationalpracticestoensurethatbilingualeducationcanpromotethecomprehensivedevelopmentofyoungchildrenandmeettheirlearningneedsandinterests.幼儿园双语教育的实践模式应以幼儿的全面发展为导向，注重培养他们的语言能力和跨文化交流能力。通过不断的实践和研究，我们可以不断优化和完善这些模式，为幼儿的双语教育提供更好的支持和保障。Thepracticalmodelofbilingualeducationinkindergartensshouldbeguidedbythecomprehensivedevelopmentofyoungchildren,focusingoncultivatingtheirlanguageandcross-culturalcommunicationabilities.Throughcontinuouspracticeandresearch,wecancontinuouslyoptimizeandimprovethesemodels,providingbettersupportandguaranteeforbilingualeducationofyoungchildren.四、幼儿园双语教育的实施策略Implementationstrategiesforbilingualeducationinkindergartens幼儿园双语教育是一项重要的教育改革，其实施策略需要全面考虑，以确保双语教育的顺利进行。以下是幼儿园双语教育的实施策略：Bilingualeducationinkindergartensisanimportanteducationalreform,anditsimplementationstrategiesneedtobecomprehensivelyconsideredtoensurethesmoothprogressofbilingualeducation.Thefollowingaretheimplementationstrategiesforbilingualeducationinkindergartens:创设双语环境：幼儿园应创设一个双语环境，包括物理环境和语言环境。在物理环境方面，可以通过双语标识、双语图书和双语游戏等方式，使幼儿在日常生活中接触到双语元素。在语言环境方面，鼓励教师和幼儿在日常交流中使用英语，同时保持母语的交流，使幼儿能够自然地接触和学习两种语言。Creatingabilingualenvironment:Kindergartensshouldcreateabilingualenvironment,includingphysicalandlanguageenvironments.Intermsofphysicalenvironment,childrencanbeexposedtobilingualelementsintheirdailylivesthroughbilingualsignage,bilingualbooks,andbilingualgames.Intermsoflanguageenvironment,encourageteachersandyoungchildrentouseEnglishindailycommunication,whilemaintainingnativelanguagecommunication,sothatyoungchildrencannaturallycontactandlearntwolanguages.整合双语教育资源：幼儿园应整合各种双语教育资源，包括双语教材、双语教学软件、双语教师等，以提供丰富多样的双语学习材料。同时，可以与其他幼儿园或教育机构合作，共享双语教育资源，提高教育效率。Integratingbilingualeducationresources:Kindergartensshouldintegratevariousbilingualeducationresources,includingbilingualtextbooks,bilingualteachingsoftware,bilingualteachers,etc.,toproviderichanddiversebilinguallearningmaterials.Atthesametime,itispossibletocollaboratewithotherkindergartensoreducationalinstitutionstosharebilingualeducationresourcesandimproveeducationalefficiency.注重游戏化教学：幼儿期是语言发展的关键期，游戏化教学可以激发幼儿的学习兴趣和积极性。因此，在双语教育中，应注重游戏化教学，通过有趣的游戏活动，使幼儿在轻松愉快的氛围中学习双语。Emphasizegamifiedteaching:Earlychildhoodisacriticalperiodforlanguagedevelopment,andgamifiedteachingcanstimulatechildren'sinterestandenthusiasmforlearning.Therefore,inbilingualeducation,emphasisshouldbeplacedongamifiedteaching,andthroughinterestinggameactivities,youngchildrenshouldlearnbilingualisminarelaxedandenjoyableatmosphere.培养双语教师：双语教师的素质和能力对双语教育的质量具有重要影响。因此，幼儿园应加强对双语教师的培养，提高他们的双语水平和教育教学能力。可以通过培训、交流等方式，提高双语教师的专业素养和教学水平。Cultivatingbilingualteachers:Thequalityandabilityofbilingualteachershaveasignificantimpactonthequalityofbilingualeducation.Therefore,kindergartensshouldstrengthenthetrainingofbilingualteachers,improvetheirbilinguallevelandeducationalandteachingabilities.Bilingualteacherscanimprovetheirprofessionalcompetenceandteachinglevelthroughtraining,communication,andothermeans.家庭与幼儿园共同配合：家庭是幼儿成长的重要环境，家长的支持和配合对双语教育的实施至关重要。幼儿园应加强与家长的沟通和合作，共同为幼儿创造一个良好的双语学习环境。可以通过家长会、亲子活动等方式，增强家长对双语教育的认识和参与度。Collaborationbetweenfamilyandkindergarten:Thefamilyisanimportantenvironmentforthegrowthofyoungchildren,andthesupportandcooperationofparentsarecrucialfortheimplementationofbilingualeducation.Kindergartensshouldstrengthencommunicationandcooperationwithparentstojointlycreateagoodbilinguallearningenvironmentforyoungchildren.Parentscanenhancetheirawarenessandparticipationinbilingualeducationthroughparentteachermeetings,parent-childactivities,andothermeans.幼儿园双语教育的实施需要综合考虑多个方面，包括环境创设、资源整合、游戏化教学、教师培养和家庭配合等。通过有效的实施策略，可以推动幼儿园双语教育的深入开展，促进幼儿的全面发展。Theimplementationofbilingualeducationinkindergartensrequirescomprehensiveconsiderationofmultipleaspects,includingenvironmentalcreation,resourceintegration,gamifiedteaching,teachertraining,andfamilycooperation.Througheffectiveimplementationstrategies,thedeepeningofbilingualeducationinkindergartenscanbepromoted,promotingthecomprehensivedevelopmentofyoungchildren.五、幼儿园双语教育的实践案例PracticalCasesofBilingualEducationinKindergartens幼儿园双语教育的实践案例为我们提供了深入了解双语教育模式在幼儿阶段应用的实际效果的机会。以下是对几个具有代表性的双语教育实践的详细描述和分析。Thepracticalcasesofbilingualeducationinkindergartensprovideuswithanopportunitytogainadeeperunderstandingofthepracticaleffectsofbilingualeducationmodelsintheearlychildhoodstage.Thefollowingisadetaileddescriptionandanalysisofseveralrepresentativebilingualeducationpractices.该幼儿园采用沉浸式双语教学方法，即在日常教学中，教师使用英语和汉语交替进行授课。课程内容包括主题活动、游戏、音乐、艺术等，旨在通过多样化的教学方式激发幼儿的学习兴趣和语言能力。在这种模式下，幼儿不仅能够接触到丰富的英语词汇和表达方式，还能在汉语环境中巩固和提高自己的母语能力。经过一学期的实践，幼儿们的英语听说能力得到了显著提升，同时他们的汉语表达能力也未受影响。Thekindergartenadoptsanimmersivebilingualteachingmethod,whereteachersalternatebetweenEnglishandChineseindailyteaching.Thecoursecontentincludesthemeactivities,games,music,art,etc.,aimingtostimulatechildren'slearninginterestandlanguageabilitythroughdiverseteachingmethods.Inthismode,youngchildrencannotonlybeexposedtorichEnglishvocabularyandexpressions,butalsoconsolidateandimprovetheirmothertongueabilityintheChineselanguageenvironment.Afterasemesterofpractice,thechildren'sEnglishlisteningandspeakingabilitieshavebeensignificantlyimproved,whiletheirChineseexpressionabilityhasnotbeenaffected.该幼儿园与当地一所英语培训机构合作，开展了为期半年的双语教学试点项目。项目采用合作式学习的方式，英语教师与汉语教师共同备课、授课，确保教学内容的一致性和连贯性。在教学过程中，教师们注重培养幼儿的跨文化意识和跨文化交际能力，通过角色扮演、情境模拟等方式让幼儿在真实的语言环境中学习和运用语言。项目结束后，幼儿们的英语词汇量明显增加，他们的跨文化交流能力也得到了提高。ThekindergartencollaboratedwithalocalEnglishtraininginstitutiontocarryoutasix-monthbilingualteachingpilotproject.Theprojectadoptsacollaborativelearningapproach,withEnglishandChineseteachersjointlypreparingandteachingtoensuretheconsistencyandcoherenceofteachingcontent.Intheteachingprocess,teachersfocusoncultivatingchildren'scross-culturalawarenessandcommunicationskills,andenablethemtolearnanduselanguageinareallanguageenvironmentthroughrole-playing,situationalsimulation,andothermethods.Aftertheproject,thechildren'sEnglishvocabularysignificantlyincreased,andtheircross-culturalcommunicationskillsalsoimproved.通过对这些实践案例的分析，我们可以发现，幼儿园双语教育的实施需要综合考虑教学方法、教学内容、教学资源等多方面因素。双语教育对幼儿的语言能力、认知发展和社会适应等方面都产生了积极的影响。然而，在实践中也存在一些挑战和问题，如教师资源的配备、教学质量的监控等。因此，未来在推广和实施幼儿园双语教育时，需要进一步加强理论研究和实践探索，不断完善和优化双语教育模式，为幼儿提供更优质的教育环境。Throughtheanalysisofthesepracticalcases,wecanfindthattheimplementationofbilingualeducationinkindergartensrequirescomprehensiveconsiderationofvariousfactorssuchasteachingmethods,teachingcontent,andteachingresources.Bilingualeducationhasapositiveimpactonchildren'slanguageability,cognitivedevelopment,andsocialadaptation.However,therearealsosomechallengesandproblemsinpractice,suchastheallocationofteacherresourcesandthemonitoringofteachingquality.Therefore,inthefuture,whenpromotingandimplementingbilingualeducationinkindergartens,itisnecessarytofurtherstrengthentheoreticalresearchandpracticalexploration,continuouslyimproveandoptimizebilingualeducationmodels,andprovideabettereducationalenvironmentforyoungchildren.六、幼儿园双语教育的挑战与对策TheChallengesandCountermeasuresofBilingualEducationinKindergartens随着全球化的推进，幼儿园双语教育逐渐受到家长和教育者的重视。然而，在实践过程中，我们也面临着诸多挑战。Withtheadvancementofglobalization,bilingualeducationinkindergartensisgraduallyreceivingattentionfromparentsandeducators.However,intheprocessofpractice,wealsofacemanychallenges.挑战一：师资力量不足。目前，能够胜任双语教育的教师数量有限，许多教师虽然具备双语能力，但缺乏专业的教育背景和教学方法。因此，提高教师的双语教育能力和专业素养是当务之急。Challenge1:Insufficientteachingstaff.Atpresent,thenumberofteacherscapableofbilingualeducationislimited,andmanyteachers,althoughpossessingbilingualabilities,lackprofessionaleducationalbackgroundsandteachingmethods.Therefore,improvingthebilingualeducationabilityandprofessionalcompetenceofteachersisanurgenttask.挑战二：语言环境的营造。双语教育不仅仅是语言的教授，更是文化的传递。在幼儿园中，如何营造一个既能让孩子沉浸于中文环境，又能接触和了解英语文化的双语环境，是一个重要的挑战。Challenge2:Creatingalanguageenvironment.Bilingualeducationisnotonlyaboutteachinglanguage,butalsoabouttransmittingculture.Inkindergarten,creatingabilingualenvironmentthatallowschildrentoimmersethemselvesintheChineselanguageenvironmentwhilealsobeingexposedtoandunderstandingEnglishcultureisanimportantchallenge.挑战三：家长认知的误区。部分家长认为双语教育就是简单地让孩子学习英语，忽视了母语的重要性。因此，增强家长对双语教育的认识，明确双语教育的目标和意义，是推进双语教育的重要一环。Challengethree:Misunderstandingsinparentalcognition.SomeparentsbelievethatbilingualeducationsimplyallowstheirchildrentolearnEnglish,ignoringtheimportanceoftheirmothertongue.Therefore,enhancingparents'understandingofbilingualeducation,clarifyingthegoalsandsignificanceofbilingualeducation,isanimportantpartofpromotingbilingualeducation.对策一：加强师资培训。通过定期的培训和研讨，提高教师的双语教育能力和教学方法。同时，鼓励教师参与国际交流，拓宽视野，提升专业素养。Countermeasure1:Strengthenteachertraining.Throughregulartrainingandseminars,enhanceteachers'bilingualeducationabilitiesandteachingmethods.Atthesametime,encourageteacherstoparticipateininternationalexchanges,broadentheirhorizons,andenhancetheirprofessionalcompetence.对策二：创新教学方法。结合幼儿园孩子的特点，采用游戏化、情境化的教学方式，让孩子在轻松愉快的氛围中学习双语。同时，注重文化的融合，让孩子在了解不同文化的过程中提高语言能力。Countermeasure2:Innovateteachingmethods.Combiningthecharacteristicsofkindergartenchildren,adoptinggamifiedandcontextualizedteachingmethods,allowingchildrentolearnbilingualisminarelaxedandenjoyableatmosphere.Atthesametime,emphasisshouldbeplacedonculturalintegrationtohelpchildrenimprovetheirlanguageabilitieswhileunderstandingdifferentcultures.对策三：加强家长沟通。通过家长会、讲座等形式，向家长普及双语教育的理念和目标，消除家长的疑虑和误区。鼓励家长参与孩子的双语学习过程，形成家校共育的良好氛围。Strategythree:Strengthencommunicationwithparents.Promotetheconceptandgoalsofbilingualeducationtoparentsthroughparentteachermeetings,lectures,andotherformstoeliminatetheirdoubtsandmisunderstandings.Encourageparentstoparticipateintheirchildren'sbilinguallearningprocessandcreateagoodatmosphereofhomeschoolcollaboration.幼儿园双语教育虽然面临着诸多挑战，但只要我们不断探索和实践，加强师资培训、创新教学方法、加强家长沟通，就一定能够推动双语教育的健康发展，为孩子的未来打下坚实的语言基础。Althoughbilingualeducationinkindergartensfacesmanychallenges,aslongaswecontinuetoexploreandpractice,strengthenteachertraining,innovateteachingmethods,andstrengthenparentalcommunication,wecandefinitelypromotethehealthydevelopmentofbilingualeducationandlayasolidlanguagefoundationforchildren'sfuture.七、结论Conclusion本研究对幼儿园双语教育的实践进行了深入的探讨和分析，通过实际观察和调查研究，得出了一些重要的结论。Thisstudyconductedanin-depthexplorationandanalysisofthepracticeofbilingualeducationinkindergartens,anddrewsomeimportantconclusionsthroughpracticalobservationandinvestigationresearch.幼儿园双语教育对于幼儿的全面发展具有积极的推动作用。通过双语教育，幼儿可以在语言、认知、情感、社交等多个方面得到全面的发展，提高综合素质。双语教育不仅有助于培养幼儿的跨文化交流能力，还能提