软弱围岩双连拱隧道设计施工关键技术研究

软弱围岩双连拱隧道设计施工关键技术研究一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着交通运输业的快速发展，隧道作为重要的交通基础设施，其设计与施工技术的提升对于提升交通效率、确保行车安全、优化交通布局具有重要意义。特别是在地质条件复杂、围岩软弱的地段，双连拱隧道的设计与施工面临着巨大的技术挑战。因此，本文围绕《软弱围岩双连拱隧道设计施工关键技术研究》这一主题，旨在探讨软弱围岩地质条件下双连拱隧道设计施工中的关键技术问题，以期为相关工程实践提供理论支撑和技术指导。Withtherapiddevelopmentofthetransportationindustry,asanimportanttransportationinfrastructure,theimprovementoftunneldesignandconstructiontechnologyisofgreatsignificanceforimprovingtrafficefficiency,ensuringdrivingsafety,andoptimizingtrafficlayout.Especiallyinareaswithcomplexgeologicalconditionsandweaksurroundingrocks,thedesignandconstructionofdoublearchtunnelsfaceenormoustechnicalchallenges.Therefore,thisarticlefocusesonthethemeof"ResearchonKeyTechnologiesforDesignandConstructionofDoubleArchTunnelsinSoftSurroundingRock",aimingtoexplorekeytechnicalissuesinthedesignandconstructionofdoublearchtunnelsundergeologicalconditionsinsoftsurroundingrock,inordertoprovidetheoreticalsupportandtechnicalguidanceforrelevantengineeringpractices.本文首先介绍了软弱围岩双连拱隧道的设计特点与施工难点，分析了当前国内外在该领域的研究现状与发展趋势。在此基础上，重点探讨了软弱围岩条件下的隧道稳定性分析、支护结构设计、施工工法选择等关键技术问题。结合具体工程案例，对双连拱隧道的设计施工过程中的技术难点进行了深入剖析，并提出了相应的解决方案。Thisarticlefirstintroducesthedesigncharacteristicsandconstructiondifficultiesofdoublearchtunnelsinweaksurroundingrocks,andanalyzesthecurrentresearchstatusanddevelopmenttrendsinthisfieldbothdomesticallyandinternationally.Onthisbasis,keytechnicalissuessuchastunnelstabilityanalysis,supportstructuredesign,andconstructionmethodselectionunderweaksurroundingrockconditionsweremainlydiscussed.Basedonspecificengineeringcases,in-depthanalysiswasconductedonthetechnicaldifficultiesinthedesignandconstructionprocessofdoublearchtunnels,andcorrespondingsolutionswereproposed.本文的研究不仅有助于提升软弱围岩双连拱隧道的设计与施工水平，对于推动隧道工程技术的创新与发展也具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。希望通过本文的研究，能够为相关领域的工程技术人员提供有益的参考和启示，共同推动隧道工程技术的不断进步。Theresearchinthisarticlenotonlyhelpstoimprovethedesignandconstructionlevelofdoublearchtunnelsinweaksurroundingrocks,butalsohasimportanttheoreticalvalueandpracticalsignificanceforpromotinginnovationanddevelopmentoftunnelengineeringtechnology.Ihopethatthroughthisresearch,itcanprovideusefulreferenceandinspirationforengineeringandtechnicalpersonnelinrelatedfields,andjointlypromotethecontinuousprogressoftunnelengineeringtechnology.二、软弱围岩特性分析Analysisofcharacteristicsofweaksurroundingrock软弱围岩是隧道工程中经常遇到的一种地质条件，其特性对隧道的设计和施工具有重要影响。软弱围岩一般具有低强度、高变形性、易风化、易软化、低抗剪强度等特点，这些特性使得在软弱围岩中进行隧道施工面临着诸多技术难题。Weaksurroundingrockisageologicalconditioncommonlyencounteredintunnelengineering,anditscharacteristicshaveasignificantimpactonthedesignandconstructionoftunnels.Weaksurroundingrockgenerallyhasthecharacteristicsoflowstrength,highdeformability,easyweathering,easysoftening,andlowshearstrength,whichmaketunnelconstructioninweaksurroundingrockfacemanytechnicaldifficulties.软弱围岩的低强度和高变形性意味着在隧道开挖过程中，围岩容易产生较大的变形和破坏，这不仅会影响隧道的稳定性，还可能对隧道的安全运营造成威胁。因此，在隧道设计中，需要充分考虑软弱围岩的变形特性，采取适当的支护措施，以保证隧道的稳定性。Thelowstrengthandhighdeformabilityofweaksurroundingrockmeansthatduringtunnelexcavation,thesurroundingrockispronetosignificantdeformationanddamage,whichnotonlyaffectsthestabilityofthetunnel,butmayalsoposeathreattothesafeoperationofthetunnel.Therefore,intunneldesign,itisnecessarytofullyconsiderthedeformationcharacteristicsofweaksurroundingrockandtakeappropriatesupportmeasurestoensurethestabilityofthetunnel.软弱围岩易风化和易软化的特性使得其在隧道施工过程中容易受到水的影响。在水的作用下，软弱围岩的强度会进一步降低，变形性会增加，这无疑会增加隧道的施工难度和风险。因此，在隧道施工过程中，需要采取有效的排水和防水措施，以防止水对软弱围岩的不良影响。Thecharacteristicsofweaksurroundingrockthatarepronetoweatheringandsofteningmakeitsusceptibletotheinfluenceofwaterduringtunnelconstruction.Undertheactionofwater,thestrengthofweaksurroundingrockwillfurtherdecrease,andthedeformabilitywillincrease,whichundoubtedlyincreasesthedifficultyandriskoftunnelconstruction.Therefore,effectivedrainageandwaterproofingmeasuresneedtobetakenduringtunnelconstructiontopreventadverseeffectsofwateronweaksurroundingrocks.软弱围岩的低抗剪强度也是隧道设计和施工中需要特别关注的一个问题。低抗剪强度意味着围岩在受到剪切力作用时容易发生破坏，这可能会导致隧道开挖过程中的坍塌和冒顶等事故。因此，在隧道设计中，需要合理选择开挖方法和支护方式，以提高围岩的抗剪强度，确保隧道施工的安全进行。Thelowshearstrengthofweaksurroundingrockisalsoaspecialconcernintunneldesignandconstruction.Lowshearstrengthmeansthatthesurroundingrockispronetofailureundershearforces,whichmayleadtoaccidentssuchascollapseandrooffallduringtunnelexcavation.Therefore,intunneldesign,itisnecessarytochoosereasonableexcavationandsupportmethodstoimprovetheshearstrengthofthesurroundingrockandensurethesafetyoftunnelconstruction.软弱围岩的特性对隧道的设计和施工具有重要影响。在进行双连拱隧道的设计和施工时，必须充分考虑软弱围岩的特性，采取适当的技术措施，以保证隧道的安全性和稳定性。Thecharacteristicsofweaksurroundingrockhaveasignificantimpactonthedesignandconstructionoftunnels.Whendesigningandconstructingadoublearchtunnel,itisnecessarytofullyconsiderthecharacteristicsofweaksurroundingrockandtakeappropriatetechnicalmeasurestoensurethesafetyandstabilityofthetunnel.三、双连拱隧道设计关键技术KeyTechnologiesforDesignofDoubleArchTunnels双连拱隧道设计关键技术在软弱围岩环境下显得尤为重要。由于软弱围岩的力学特性较差，隧道设计需要充分考虑围岩的稳定性、变形控制以及支护结构的选择等因素。Thekeytechnologyfordesigningdoublearchtunnelsisparticularlyimportantinweaksurroundingrockenvironments.Duetothepoormechanicalpropertiesofweaksurroundingrock,tunneldesignneedstofullyconsiderfactorssuchasthestabilityofthesurroundingrock,deformationcontrol,andtheselectionofsupportstructures.在双连拱隧道设计中，首先需要对软弱围岩进行稳定性分析。这包括对围岩的物理力学性质进行详细研究，如岩石的强度、变形模量、内摩擦角等参数。同时，还需要考虑地下水对围岩稳定性的影响，如渗流场的变化、水压对围岩强度的影响等。通过稳定性分析，可以确定隧道开挖过程中可能出现的变形和破坏模式，为支护结构设计提供依据。Inthedesignofdoublearchtunnels,stabilityanalysisofweaksurroundingrockisfirstnecessary.Thisincludesadetailedstudyofthephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofthesurroundingrock,suchasitsstrength,deformationmodulus,internalfrictionangle,andotherparameters.Atthesametime,itisalsonecessarytoconsidertheinfluenceofgroundwateronthestabilityofsurroundingrock,suchaschangesinseepagefieldandtheinfluenceofwaterpressureonthestrengthofsurroundingrock.Throughstabilityanalysis,possibledeformationandfailuremodesduringtunnelexcavationcanbedetermined,providingabasisforthedesignofsupportstructures.软弱围岩的变形控制是双连拱隧道设计的关键之一。为了减小围岩的变形，设计中需要采取一系列措施，如合理确定隧道开挖顺序、优化支护结构形式、加强排水措施等。还可以采用预支护技术，如超前小导管注浆、管棚支护等，提高围岩的自承能力。变形控制设计的目的是确保隧道开挖过程中围岩的变形控制在允许范围内，保证隧道的安全性和稳定性。Thedeformationcontrolofweaksurroundingrockisoneofthekeyfactorsinthedesignofdoublearchtunnels.Inordertoreducethedeformationofthesurroundingrock,aseriesofmeasuresneedtobetakeninthedesign,suchasreasonablydeterminingtheexcavationsequenceofthetunnel,optimizingtheformofthesupportstructure,andstrengtheningdrainagemeasures.Presupporttechnologycanalsobeused,suchasadvancedsmallpipegrouting,pipeshedsupport,etc.,toimprovetheself-supportingcapacityofthesurroundingrock.Thepurposeofdeformationcontroldesignistoensurethatthedeformationofthesurroundingrockduringtunnelexcavationiscontrolledwithintheallowablerange,ensuringthesafetyandstabilityofthetunnel.支护结构是双连拱隧道设计中的重要组成部分。在软弱围岩条件下，支护结构需要承受较大的围岩压力和变形。因此，支护结构的设计需要充分考虑围岩的力学特性、隧道的埋深、跨度等因素。常见的支护结构形式包括喷射混凝土、锚杆、钢支撑等。在设计过程中，需要对支护结构的受力特性进行详细分析，确保支护结构能够有效地承受围岩压力和变形，保证隧道的安全性和稳定性。Thesupportstructureisanimportantcomponentofthedesignofdoublearchtunnels.Underweaksurroundingrockconditions,thesupportstructureneedstowithstandsignificantsurroundingrockpressureanddeformation.Therefore,thedesignofthesupportstructureneedstofullyconsiderfactorssuchasthemechanicalpropertiesofthesurroundingrock,theburialdepthofthetunnel,andthespan.Commonformsofsupportstructuresincludeshotcrete,anchorrods,steelsupports,etc.Inthedesignprocess,itisnecessarytoconductadetailedanalysisofthestresscharacteristicsofthesupportstructuretoensurethatitcaneffectivelywithstandthepressureanddeformationofthesurroundingrock,andensurethesafetyandstabilityofthetunnel.随着计算机技术的发展，数值模拟成为双连拱隧道设计的重要手段。通过数值模拟，可以模拟隧道开挖过程中围岩的应力场、位移场等参数的变化，预测隧道可能出现的变形和破坏模式。还可以通过数值模拟对支护结构进行优化设计，提高支护效果和经济性。数值模拟与优化的结合，可以为双连拱隧道设计提供更加科学、合理的设计方案。Withthedevelopmentofcomputertechnology,numericalsimulationhasbecomeanimportantmeansofdesigningdoublearchtunnels.Throughnumericalsimulation,itispossibletosimulatethechangesinparameterssuchasstressfieldanddisplacementfieldofthesurroundingrockduringtunnelexcavation,andpredictthepossibledeformationandfailuremodesofthetunnel.Numericalsimulationcanalsobeusedtooptimizethedesignofsupportstructures,improvingsupporteffectivenessandeconomy.Thecombinationofnumericalsimulationandoptimizationcanprovideamorescientificandreasonabledesignschemeforthedesignofdoublearchtunnels.双连拱隧道设计关键技术在软弱围岩环境下需要充分考虑围岩的稳定性、变形控制以及支护结构的选择等因素。通过稳定性分析、变形控制设计、支护结构设计以及数值模拟与优化等手段，可以确保双连拱隧道在软弱围岩条件下的安全性和稳定性。Thekeytechnologyfordesigningdoublearchtunnelsneedstofullyconsiderfactorssuchasthestabilityofthesurroundingrock,deformationcontrol,andtheselectionofsupportstructuresinweakrockenvironments.Bymeansofstabilityanalysis,deformationcontroldesign,supportstructuredesign,andnumericalsimulationandoptimization,thesafetyandstabilityofdoublearchtunnelsunderweaksurroundingrockconditionscanbeensured.四、软弱围岩双连拱隧道施工关键技术Keyconstructiontechniquesfordoublearchtunnelsinweaksurroundingrocks软弱围岩双连拱隧道的施工是一项复杂且技术密集型的工程任务，需要采用一系列的关键技术来确保施工的安全性和效率。以下将详细介绍这些关键技术。Theconstructionofadoublearchtunnelinweaksurroundingrockisacomplexandtechnologyintensiveengineeringtaskthatrequiresaseriesofkeytechnologiestoensurethesafetyandefficiencyofconstruction.Thefollowingwillprovideadetailedintroductiontothesekeytechnologies.在施工前，必须对隧道穿越的软弱围岩进行详细的地质勘察。通过钻探、地质雷达、地震波探测等多种手段，获取软弱围岩的详细地质信息，包括岩石类型、地层结构、节理发育、地下水状况等。同时，还需要评估软弱围岩的物理力学性质，如抗压强度、抗剪强度、变形模量等，为后续的施工设计和施工过程中的参数调整提供依据。Beforeconstruction,adetailedgeologicalsurveymustbeconductedontheweaksurroundingrockthatthetunnelpassesthrough.Byusingvariousmethodssuchasdrilling,geologicalradar,andseismicwavedetection,detailedgeologicalinformationofweaksurroundingrockscanbeobtained,includingrocktype,stratigraphicstructure,jointdevelopment,groundwaterconditions,etc.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytoevaluatethephysicalandmechanicalpropertiesoftheweaksurroundingrock,suchascompressivestrength,shearstrength,deformationmodulus,etc.,toprovideabasisforsubsequentconstructiondesignandparameteradjustmentduringtheconstructionprocess.针对软弱围岩的特点，隧道的开挖需要采用适当的开挖方法和支护措施。在开挖过程中，应尽可能减少对围岩的扰动，采用短进尺、多循环的方式开挖。同时，支护措施的选择也至关重要，常见的支护方式包括喷射混凝土、锚杆、钢拱架等。在支护过程中，应根据地质勘察结果和围岩变形监测数据，及时调整支护参数，确保隧道施工的安全。Duetothecharacteristicsofweaksurroundingrock,appropriateexcavationmethodsandsupportmeasuresneedtobeadoptedfortunnelexcavation.Duringtheexcavationprocess,disturbancetothesurroundingrockshouldbeminimizedasmuchaspossible,andashortfootageandmulticycleexcavationmethodshouldbeadopted.Atthesametime,theselectionofsupportmeasuresisalsocrucial,andcommonsupportmethodsincludeshotcrete,anchorrods,steelarches,etc.Duringthesupportprocess,thesupportparametersshouldbeadjustedinatimelymannerbasedongeologicalsurveyresultsandsurroundingrockdeformationmonitoringdatatoensurethesafetyoftunnelconstruction.软弱围岩双连拱隧道施工中，排水与防水技术是保障隧道长期安全运营的关键。在隧道开挖过程中，应设置合理的排水系统，将地下水引至隧道外部，防止地下水对隧道结构的侵蚀。同时，在隧道衬砌施工过程中，应采用防水材料和防水技术，确保隧道衬砌的防水性能。Intheconstructionofadoublearchtunnelinweaksurroundingrock,drainageandwaterproofingtechnologyarekeytoensuringthelong-termsafeoperationofthetunnel.Duringtunnelexcavation,areasonabledrainagesystemshouldbesetuptodivertgroundwatertotheoutsideofthetunnelandpreventerosionofthetunnelstructurebygroundwater.Meanwhile,duringtheconstructionprocessoftunnellining,waterproofmaterialsandtechniquesshouldbeusedtoensurethewaterproofperformanceofthetunnellining.软弱围岩双连拱隧道的施工过程中，监控量测是保障施工安全的重要手段。通过对隧道开挖过程中的围岩变形、支护结构受力等关键参数进行实时监测，可以及时发现施工过程中的安全隐患，并采取相应的措施进行处理。同时，信息化施工技术也是提高施工效率和质量的有效手段。通过利用信息技术手段，实现对施工过程的实时监控和管理，可以提高施工过程的可控性和可追溯性。Duringtheconstructionprocessofadoublearchtunnelinweaksurroundingrock,monitoringandmeasurementareimportantmeanstoensureconstructionsafety.Byreal-timemonitoringofkeyparameterssuchasrockdeformationandsupportstructurestressduringtunnelexcavation,safetyhazardsduringconstructioncanbeidentifiedinatimelymannerandcorrespondingmeasurescanbetakentoaddressthem.Atthesametime,informationconstructiontechnologyisalsoaneffectivemeanstoimproveconstructionefficiencyandquality.Byutilizinginformationtechnologytoachievereal-timemonitoringandmanagementoftheconstructionprocess,thecontrollabilityandtraceabilityoftheconstructionprocesscanbeimproved.在软弱围岩双连拱隧道的施工过程中，还应注重环境保护和生态恢复。通过采取合理的施工方法和措施，减少对周边环境的破坏和污染。在施工结束后，应采取生态恢复措施，如植被种植、水土保持等，以恢复和改善施工区域的生态环境。Intheconstructionprocessofdoublearchtunnelsinweaksurroundingrocks,attentionshouldalsobepaidtoenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalrestoration.Reducedamageandpollutiontothesurroundingenvironmentbyadoptingreasonableconstructionmethodsandmeasures.Aftertheconstructioniscompleted,ecologicalrestorationmeasuresshouldbetaken,suchasvegetationplanting,soilandwaterconservation,torestoreandimprovetheecologicalenvironmentoftheconstructionarea.软弱围岩双连拱隧道的施工关键技术包括施工前的地质勘察与评估、隧道开挖与支护技术、排水与防水技术、监控量测与信息化施工技术以及环境保护与生态恢复技术。这些技术的应用将有助于提高软弱围岩双连拱隧道施工的安全性和效率，保障隧道的长期安全运营。Thekeyconstructiontechnologiesforthedoublearchtunnelinweaksurroundingrockincludegeologicalsurveyandevaluationbeforeconstruction,tunnelexcavationandsupporttechnology,drainageandwaterproofingtechnology,monitoringmeasurementandinformationconstructiontechnology,aswellasenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalrestorationtechnology.Theapplicationofthesetechnologieswillhelpimprovethesafetyandefficiencyoftheconstructionofdoublearchtunnelsinweaksurroundingrocks,ensuringthelong-termsafeoperationofthetunnel.五、案例分析Caseanalysis为了深入探究软弱围岩双连拱隧道设计施工关键技术的实际应用效果，本研究选取了国内某典型的高速公路双连拱隧道作为案例分析对象。该隧道穿越的地质条件复杂，以软弱围岩为主，且伴有断层、节理等不利地质构造，对隧道的设计施工提出了极高的要求。Inordertodeeplyexplorethepracticalapplicationeffectsofkeytechnologiesinthedesignandconstructionofdoublearchtunnelsinweaksurroundingrocks,thisstudyselectedatypicaldomestichighwaydoublearchtunnelasthecasestudyobject.Thegeologicalconditionsofthetunnelcrossingarecomplex,mainlycomposedofweaksurroundingrocks,accompaniedbyunfavorablegeologicalstructuressuchasfaultsandjoints,whichposeextremelyhighrequirementsforthedesignandconstructionofthetunnel.在设计阶段，研究团队充分利用了地质勘探资料，对隧道穿越地段的围岩进行了详细的分类和评价。根据围岩的不同类型和特性，采用了相应的支护措施，如注浆加固、锚杆支护等，以增强围岩的稳定性。同时，考虑到双连拱隧道的特殊结构形式，设计团队还优化了隧道的断面形状和尺寸，以减少应力集中现象，提高隧道的承载能力。Inthedesignphase,theresearchteamfullyutilizedgeologicalexplorationdataandconductedadetailedclassificationandevaluationofthesurroundingrockinthetunnelcrossingsection.Accordingtothedifferenttypesandcharacteristicsofthesurroundingrock,correspondingsupportmeasureshavebeenadopted,suchasgroutingreinforcement,anchorrodsupport,etc.,toenhancethestabilityofthesurroundingrock.Atthesametime,consideringthespecialstructuralformofthedoublearchtunnel,thedesignteamalsooptimizedthecross-sectionalshapeandsizeofthetunneltoreducestressconcentrationandimprovethebearingcapacityofthetunnel.在施工过程中，研究团队紧密跟踪施工进度，对关键施工环节进行了严格的质量控制。特别是在软弱围岩段的开挖过程中，采用了控制爆破技术，有效减少了对围岩的扰动和破坏。同时，加强了支护结构的施工质量控制，确保支护措施能够充分发挥作用，提高隧道的稳定性。Duringtheconstructionprocess,theresearchteamcloselytrackedtheconstructionprogressandconductedstrictqualitycontrolonkeyconstructionlinks.Especiallyintheexcavationprocessofweaksurroundingrock,controlledblastingtechnologywasadopted,effectivelyreducingdisturbanceanddamagetothesurroundingrock.Atthesametime,theconstructionqualitycontrolofthesupportstructurehasbeenstrengthenedtoensurethatthesupportmeasurescanfullyplaytheirroleandimprovethestabilityofthetunnel.研究团队还采用了数值模拟方法对隧道施工过程中的力学行为进行了模拟分析。通过对比分析实际施工监测数据和数值模拟结果，验证了设计施工关键技术的有效性和可靠性。Theresearchteamalsousednumericalsimulationmethodstosimulateandanalyzethemechanicalbehaviorduringtunnelconstruction.Bycomparingandanalyzingactualconstructionmonitoringdataandnumericalsimulationresults,theeffectivenessandreliabilityofkeydesignandconstructiontechnologieshavebeenverified.经过一段时间的运营使用，该双连拱隧道表现出了良好的稳定性和耐久性。案例分析结果表明，本研究提出的软弱围岩双连拱隧道设计施工关键技术能够有效应对复杂地质条件，提高隧道的承载能力和稳定性，为类似工程的设计施工提供了有益的参考和借鉴。Afteraperiodofoperationanduse,thedoublearchtunnelhasshowngoodstabilityanddurability.Thecaseanalysisresultsindicatethatthekeytechnologyproposedinthisstudyforthedesignandconstructionofadoublearchtunnelinweaksurroundingrockcaneffectivelycopewithcomplexgeologicalconditions,improvethebearingcapacityandstabilityofthetunnel,andprovideusefulreferenceandguidanceforthedesignandconstructionofsimilarprojects.六、结论与展望ConclusionandOutlook本研究对软弱围岩双连拱隧道的设计施工关键技术进行了深入系统的研究，旨在提高隧道工程的施工质量与安全，促进相关技术的发展与创新。通过对软弱围岩特性的分析，结合双连拱隧道的设计特点，本研究提出了一系列针对性的施工技术和方法。这些技术涵盖了隧道开挖、支护、排水等多个方面，旨在为工程实践提供科学的理论依据和有效的技术支撑。Thisstudyconductsin-depthandsystematicresearchonthekeydesignandconstructiontechnologiesofdoublearchtunnelsinweaksurroundingrocks,aimingtoimprovetheconstructionqualityandsafetyoftunnelengineering,andpromotethedevelopmentandinnovationofrelatedtechnologies.Byanalyzingthecharacteristicsofweaksurroundingrockandcombiningwiththedesigncharacteristicsofdoublearchtunnels,thisstudyproposesaseriesoftargetedconstructiontechniquesandmethods.Thesetechnologiescovermultipleaspectssuchastunnelexcavation,support,anddrainage,aimingtoprovidescientifictheoreticalbasisandeffectivetechnicalsupportforengineeringpractice.研究结果显示，软弱围岩双连拱隧道的设计施工关键技术对于确保隧道工程的稳定性和安全性具有重要意义。通过合理的开挖方法和支护措施，可以有效控制围岩的变形和破坏，提高隧道的承载能力。同时，排水技术的合理运用也是保证隧道长期稳定运行的关键因素。Theresearchresultsshowthatthedesignandconstructionkeytechnologiesofdoublearchtunnelsinweaksurroundingrocksareofgreatsignificanceinensuringthestabilityandsafetyoftunnelengineering.Byusingreasonableexcavationmethodsandsupportmeasures,thedeformationanddamageofthesurroundingrockcanbeeffectivelycontrolled,andthebearin