碳配额交易政策下基于收益共享契约的两阶段供应链协调

碳配额交易政策下基于收益共享契约的两阶段供应链协调一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle随着全球气候变化问题日益严重，碳排放控制已成为全球共同关注的重要议题。在这一背景下，碳配额交易政策作为一种有效的市场化减排手段，被越来越多的国家和地区所采纳。碳配额交易政策的实施，不仅对企业的生产经营活动产生了深远影响，也对供应链协调提出了新的挑战。本文旨在探讨碳配额交易政策下，基于收益共享契约的两阶段供应链协调问题。Withtheincreasingseverityofglobalclimatechange,carbonemissioncontrolhasbecomeanimportantissueofglobalconcern.Inthiscontext,carbonquotatradingpolicy,asaneffectivemarket-orientedemissionreductionmeasure,isbeingadoptedbymoreandmorecountriesandregions.Theimplementationofcarbonquotatradingpolicyhasnotonlyhadaprofoundimpactontheproductionandoperationactivitiesofenterprises,butalsoposednewchallengestosupplychaincoordination.Thisarticleaimstoexplorethetwo-stagesupplychaincoordinationproblembasedonprofitsharingcontractsundercarbonquotatradingpolicies.本文介绍了碳配额交易政策的基本概念和运行机制，分析了其对供应链成员企业决策和运营的影响。在此基础上，构建了一个包含制造商和零售商的两阶段供应链模型，并考虑了碳配额交易政策对供应链成员企业成本和收益的影响。Thisarticleintroducesthebasicconceptandoperationalmechanismofcarbonquotatradingpolicy,andanalyzesitsimpactonthedecision-makingandoperationofsupplychainmemberenterprises.Onthisbasis,atwo-stagesupplychainmodelincludingmanufacturersandretailerswasconstructed,andtheimpactofcarbonquotatradingpoliciesonthecostsandbenefitsofsupplychainmemberenterpriseswasconsidered.本文研究了在碳配额交易政策下，如何通过设计合理的收益共享契约来实现供应链协调。收益共享契约作为一种有效的激励机制，能够激励供应链成员企业共同努力，实现整体效益最大化。本文通过分析不同契约参数对供应链成员企业决策和收益的影响，提出了一种基于收益共享契约的供应链协调策略。Thisarticlestudieshowtoachievesupplychaincoordinationthroughdesigningreasonablerevenuesharingcontractsundercarbonquotatradingpolicies.Asaneffectiveincentivemechanism,revenuesharingcontractscanmotivatesupplychainmemberenterprisestoworktogetherandachievemaximumoverallbenefits.Thisarticleproposesasupplychaincoordinationstrategybasedonrevenuesharingcontractsbyanalyzingtheimpactofdifferentcontractparametersonthedecisionsandprofitsofsupplychainmemberenterprises.本文通过数值仿真实验验证了所提协调策略的有效性和可行性。实验结果表明，在碳配额交易政策下，采用基于收益共享契约的协调策略能够有效提高供应链整体效益，同时降低碳排放水平，实现经济和环境双赢。Thisarticleverifiestheeffectivenessandfeasibilityoftheproposedcoordinationstrategythroughnumericalsimulationexperiments.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatunderthecarbonquotatradingpolicy,adoptingacoordinationstrategybasedonrevenuesharingcontractscaneffectivelyimprovetheoverallefficiencyofthesupplychain,whilereducingcarbonemissionslevels,andachievingawin-winsituationfortheeconomyandenvironment.本文的研究不仅有助于深化对碳配额交易政策下供应链协调问题的理解，也为供应链成员企业在实践中制定合理的决策提供了理论支持和指导。本文的研究也为未来的研究提供了有益的参考和借鉴。Thisstudynotonlyhelpstodeepentheunderstandingofsupplychaincoordinationissuesundercarbonquotatradingpolicies,butalsoprovidestheoreticalsupportandguidanceforsupplychainmemberenterprisestomakereasonabledecisionsinpractice.Thisstudyalsoprovidesusefulreferencesandinsightsforfutureresearch.二、文献综述Literaturereview随着全球气候变化的日益严重，碳减排已经成为全球共同关注的焦点。碳配额交易作为一种重要的市场机制，通过设定碳排放上限和配额分配，引导企业减少温室气体排放，实现绿色可持续发展。在此背景下，供应链中的碳减排问题也逐渐受到学术界的关注。Withtheincreasinglysevereglobalclimatechange,carbonreductionhasbecomeacommonfocusofglobalconcern.Carbonquotatrading,asanimportantmarketmechanism,guidesenterprisestoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandachievegreenandsustainabledevelopmentbysettingcarbonemissionlimitsandquotaallocation.Inthiscontext,theissueofcarbonreductioninthesupplychainhasgraduallyreceivedattentionfromtheacademiccommunity.近年来，供应链协调问题一直是供应链管理的核心议题之一。随着环境问题的日益突出，越来越多的学者开始研究如何在供应链管理中融入环境因素，以实现经济和环境效益的双赢。收益共享契约作为一种有效的供应链协调机制，能够通过合理分配供应链中的收益，激励各方积极参与减排活动，从而提高整个供应链的绩效。Inrecentyears,supplychaincoordinationhasbeenoneofthecoreissuesinsupplychainmanagement.Withtheincreasinglyprominentenvironmentalissues,moreandmorescholarsarestartingtostudyhowtointegrateenvironmentalfactorsintosupplychainmanagementtoachieveawin-winsituationofeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Therevenuesharingcontract,asaneffectivesupplychaincoordinationmechanism,canincentivizeallpartiestoactivelyparticipateinemissionreductionactivitiesbyreasonablyallocatingprofitsinthesupplychain,therebyimprovingtheperformanceoftheentiresupplychain.在碳配额交易政策下，供应链中的企业面临着更加复杂的决策环境。一方面，企业需要在满足市场需求的同时，考虑如何合理安排生产活动以减少碳排放；另一方面，企业还需要考虑如何在碳配额交易市场中获得更大的收益。因此，如何在碳配额交易政策下利用收益共享契约实现供应链协调，成为了一个值得研究的问题。Underthecarbonquotatradingpolicy,enterprisesinthesupplychainfaceamorecomplexdecision-makingenvironment.Ontheonehand,enterprisesneedtoconsiderhowtoreasonablyarrangeproductionactivitiestoreducecarbonemissionswhilemeetingmarketdemand;Ontheotherhand,enterprisesalsoneedtoconsiderhowtoobtaingreaterprofitsinthecarbonquotatradingmarket.Therefore,howtouserevenuesharingcontractstoachievesupplychaincoordinationundercarbonquotatradingpolicieshasbecomeaworthwhileresearchtopic.目前，国内外学者已经在碳配额交易和供应链协调方面取得了一定的研究成果。然而，关于碳配额交易政策下基于收益共享契约的两阶段供应链协调研究仍然相对较少。因此，本文旨在通过深入研究和分析，探讨碳配额交易政策下基于收益共享契约的两阶段供应链协调问题，为相关企业提供理论支持和决策参考。Atpresent,domesticandforeignscholarshaveachievedcertainresearchresultsincarbonquotatradingandsupplychaincoordination.However,thereisstillrelativelylittleresearchontwo-stagesupplychaincoordinationbasedonrevenuesharingcontractsundercarbonquotatradingpolicies.Therefore,thisarticleaimstoexplorethetwo-stagesupplychaincoordinationproblembasedonrevenuesharingcontractsundercarbonquotatradingpoliciesthroughin-depthresearchandanalysis,providingtheoreticalsupportanddecision-makingreferenceforrelevantenterprises.本文的文献综述旨在梳理国内外关于碳配额交易和供应链协调的相关研究，分析现有研究的不足和未来研究的方向。通过对已有文献的综述和分析，本文旨在为后续的研究提供理论基础和研究方向。Theliteraturereviewofthisarticleaimstoreviewrelevantresearchoncarbonquotatradingandsupplychaincoordinationbothdomesticallyandinternationally,analyzetheshortcomingsofexistingresearch,andexplorefutureresearchdirections.Throughareviewandanalysisofexistingliterature,thisarticleaimstoprovideatheoreticalbasisandresearchdirectionforsubsequentresearch.三、模型构建与分析Modelconstructionandanalysis在碳配额交易政策下，考虑一个由制造商和零售商组成的两级供应链。制造商负责生产产品，而零售商负责销售产品给最终消费者。为了协调供应链并分享由碳配额交易带来的潜在收益，我们引入了一个收益共享契约。Underthecarbonquotatradingpolicy,consideratwo-levelsupplychainconsistingofmanufacturersandretailers.Manufacturersareresponsibleforproducingproducts,whileretailersareresponsibleforsellingproductstoendconsumers.Inordertocoordinatethesupplychainandsharethepotentialbenefitsbroughtbycarbonquotatrading,wehaveintroducedarevenuesharingcontract.我们假设制造商生产每单位产品的碳排放量为e，而政府为每单位碳排放分配的碳配额价格为p。零售商的销售价格为r，其中r>wc，wc为批发价格，由制造商决定。假设市场需求D是一个随机变量，其分布函数和密度函数分别为F(x)和f(x)。Weassumethatthecarbonemissionsperunitofproductproducedbymanufacturersaree,andthecarbonquotapriceallocatedbythegovernmentforeachunitofcarbonemissionsisp.Thesellingpriceforretailersisr,wherer>wc,wherewcisthewholesalepricedeterminedbythemanufacturer.AssumingthatmarketdemandDisarandomvariable,itsdistributionfunctionanddensityfunctionareF(x)andf(x),respectively.在收益共享契约下，零售商将销售收入的一部分（1-θ）支付给制造商，其中θ为收益共享比例，0<θ<1。制造商的利润由两部分组成：销售给零售商的收入和通过碳配额交易获得的收益。零售商的利润则由其销售收入减去支付给制造商的费用和碳配额交易成本组成。Underarevenuesharingcontract,retailerswillallocateaportionoftheirsalesrevenue(1)-θ）Paytothemanufacturer,whereθForprofitsharingratio,0<θ<Theprofitofmanufacturersconsistsoftwoparts:revenuefromsalestoretailersandrevenueobtainedthroughcarbonquotatrading.Theprofitofretailersiscomposedoftheirsalesrevenueminusthefeespaidtomanufacturersandcarbonquotatradingcosts.基于上述假设，我们可以构建制造商和零售商的利润函数，并分别求解各自的最优决策。通过比较集中决策和分散决策下的供应链总利润，我们可以分析收益共享契约对供应链协调的影响。Basedontheaboveassumptions,wecanconstructprofitfunctionsformanufacturersandretailers,andsolvetheirrespectiveoptimaldecisions.Bycomparingthetotalprofitofthesupplychainundercentralizedanddecentralizeddecision-making,wecananalyzetheimpactofrevenuesharingcontractsonsupplychaincoordination.通过模型分析，我们发现收益共享契约可以有效地协调供应链，并实现制造商和零售商之间的帕累托改进。我们还发现碳配额交易政策对供应链的最优决策和利润具有显著影响。具体来说，随着碳配额价格的增加，制造商倾向于减少生产量以降低碳排放成本，而零售商则倾向于提高销售价格以弥补碳排放成本的增加。Throughmodelanalysis,wefoundthatrevenuesharingcontractscaneffectivelycoordinatethesupplychainandachieveParetoimprovementbetweenmanufacturersandretailers.Wealsofoundthatcarbonquotatradingpolicieshaveasignificantimpactontheoptimaldecision-makingandprofitsofthesupplychain.Specifically,ascarbonquotapricesincrease,manufacturerstendtoreduceproductiontolowercarbonemissioncosts,whileretailerstendtoincreasesalespricestocompensatefortheincreaseincarbonemissioncosts.为了验证我们的理论分析结果，我们还进行了数值实验。实验结果表明，在合适的收益共享比例下，收益共享契约可以显著提高供应链的总利润和成员之间的利润分配公平性。碳配额交易政策对供应链的最优决策和利润具有重要影响，政策制定者应根据实际情况制定合理的碳配额价格以促进供应链的可持续发展。Toverifyourtheoreticalanalysisresults,wealsoconductednumericalexperiments.Theexperimentalresultsindicatethatunderappropriateprofitsharingratios,profitsharingcontractscansignificantlyimprovethetotalprofitofthesupplychainandthefairnessofprofitdistributionamongmembers.Thecarbonquotatradingpolicyhasasignificantimpactontheoptimaldecision-makingandprofitsofthesupplychain.Policymakersshouldformulatereasonablecarbonquotapricesbasedonactualsituationstopromotethesustainabledevelopmentofthesupplychain.本文构建的收益共享契约模型为碳配额交易政策下的供应链协调提供了一种有效的方法。通过模型分析和数值实验，我们深入探讨了收益共享契约和碳配额交易政策对供应链最优决策和利润的影响，为供应链管理和政策制定提供了有益的参考。Therevenuesharingcontractmodelconstructedinthisarticleprovidesaneffectivemethodforsupplychaincoordinationundercarbonquotatradingpolicies.Throughmodelanalysisandnumericalexperiments,wehavedelvedintotheimpactofrevenuesharingcontractsandcarbonquotatradingpoliciesontheoptimaldecision-makingandprofitsofthesupplychain,providingusefulreferencesforsupplychainmanagementandpolicyformulation.四、数值仿真与案例分析Numericalsimulationandcaseanalysis为了验证碳配额交易政策下基于收益共享契约的两阶段供应链协调策略的有效性，本研究采用数值仿真和案例分析相结合的方法进行研究。Inordertoverifytheeffectivenessofthetwo-stagesupplychaincoordinationstrategybasedonrevenuesharingcontractsundercarbonquotatradingpolicies,thisstudyadoptsacombinationofnumericalsimulationandcaseanalysismethods.数值仿真部分，我们构建了一个包含制造商和零售商的两阶段供应链模型，并设定了不同的碳配额交易价格和市场需求情景。通过模拟不同情景下的供应链运作情况，我们发现，在实施碳配额交易政策后，引入收益共享契约能够显著提高供应链的协调效率。具体来说，当碳配额交易价格上升时，制造商和零售商通过调整收益共享比例，可以更有效地分配碳减排成本，降低整体运营成本，并提高供应链的整体利润。Inthenumericalsimulationsection,weconstructedatwo-stagesupplychainmodelthatincludesmanufacturersandretailers,andsetdifferentcarbonquotatradingpricesandmarketdemandscenarios.Bysimulatingtheoperationofthesupplychainindifferentscenarios,wefoundthatintroducingrevenuesharingcontractsafterimplementingcarbonquotatradingpoliciescansignificantlyimprovethecoordinationefficiencyofthesupplychain.Specifically,whenthecarbonquotatradingpricerises,manufacturersandretailerscanmoreeffectivelyallocatecarbonreductioncosts,reduceoveralloperatingcosts,andimprovetheoverallprofitofthesupplychainbyadjustingtheprofitsharingratio.案例分析部分，我们选取了一家在碳配额交易政策下运营的两阶段供应链企业作为研究对象。通过收集该企业的实际运营数据，我们分析了其在引入收益共享契约前后的供应链协调情况。案例分析结果显示，引入收益共享契约后，该企业的供应链协调效率得到了显著提升。具体表现在制造商和零售商之间的合作更加紧密，碳减排成本得到了更有效的分配，整体运营成本降低，同时供应链的整体利润也有所增加。Inthecaseanalysissection,weselectedatwo-stagesupplychainenterpriseoperatingunderthecarbonquotatradingpolicyastheresearchobject.Bycollectingactualoperationaldataoftheenterprise,weanalyzeditssupplychaincoordinationbeforeandaftertheintroductionofrevenuesharingcontracts.Thecasestudyresultsshowthatafterintroducingtherevenuesharingcontract,thesupplychaincoordinationefficiencyoftheenterprisehasbeensignificantlyimproved.Specifically,thecooperationbetweenmanufacturersandretailershasbecomecloser,carbonreductioncostshavebeenmoreeffectivelyallocated,overalloperatingcostshavedecreased,andtheoverallprofitofthesupplychainhasalsoincreased.数值仿真和案例分析的结果均表明，在碳配额交易政策下，引入收益共享契约可以有效提高两阶段供应链的协调效率。这为企业在实际运营中如何更好地应对碳配额交易政策提供了有益的参考和启示。Theresultsofnumericalsimulationandcaseanalysisbothindicatethatintroducingrevenuesharingcontractsundercarbonquotatradingpoliciescaneffectivelyimprovethecoordinationefficiencyoftwo-stagesupplychains.Thisprovidesusefulreferenceandinspirationforenterprisestobetterrespondtocarbonquotatradingpoliciesinpracticaloperations.五、结论与展望ConclusionandOutlook本文研究了在碳配额交易政策下，基于收益共享契约的两阶段供应链协调问题。通过建立相应的数学模型，分析并比较了不同情景下的供应链成员决策和整体绩效。研究结果表明，合理的收益共享契约设计可以有效地激励供应链成员进行减排投资，提高供应链的整体绩效。Thisarticlestudiesthetwo-stagesupplychaincoordinationproblembasedonrevenuesharingcontractsundercarbonquotatradingpolicies.Byestablishingcorrespondingmathematicalmodels,thedecision-makingandoverallperformanceofsupplychainmembersunderdifferentscenarioswereanalyzedandcompared.Theresearchresultsindicatethatareasonablerevenuesharingcontractdesigncaneffectivelyincentivizesupplychainmemberstomakeemissionreductioninvestmentsandimprovetheoverallperformanceofthesupplychain.具体而言，本文的研究发现，在碳配额交易政策下，供应链成员之间的合作与协调显得尤为重要。通过引入收益共享契约，供应链核心企业可以与下游企业共享减排成本和收益，从而激发下游企业参与减排投资的积极性。这种契约机制不仅有助于实现供应链的协调与优化，还能促进供应链成员之间的长期合作与共赢。Specifically,thisstudyfoundthatcooperationandcoordinationamongsupplychainmembersareparticularlyimportantundercarbonquotatradingpolicies.Byintroducingrevenuesharingcontracts,coresupplychainenterprisescanshareemissionreductioncostsandbenefitswithdownstreamenterprises,therebystimulatingtheirenthusiasmtoparticipateinemissionreductioninvestments.Thiscontractmechanismnotonlyhelpstoachievecoordinationandoptimizationofthesupplychain,butalsopromoteslong-termcooperationandwin-winamongsupplychainmembers.然而，本文的研究还存在一定的局限性。模型假设较为简化，未考虑供应链成员之间的风险偏好、信息不对称等因素。这些因素可能对供应链协调产生重要影响，未来研究可以进一步拓展模型，以更全面地反映现实情况。本文仅考虑了单一产品的供应链协调问题，未来研究可以扩展到多产品、多阶段供应链的情况，以更深入地探讨碳配额交易政策对供应链协调的影响。However,therearestillcertainlimitationstotheresearchinthisarticle.Themodelassumptionisrelativelysimplifiedanddoesnottakeintoaccountfactorssuchasriskpreferencesandinformationasymmetryamongsupplychainmembers.Thesefactorsmayhaveasignificantimpactonsupplychaincoordination,andfutureresearchcanfurtherexpandthemodeltomorecomprehensivelyreflectthereality.Thisarticleonlyconsidersthesupplychaincoordinationproblemofasingleproduct.Futureresearchcanbeextendedtothesituationofmultiproductandmulti-stagesupplychainstoexploretheimpactofcarbonquotatradingpoliciesonsupplychaincoordinationinmoredepth.展望未来，随着全球气候变化问题的日益严峻，碳配额交易政策将在供应链管理中发挥越来越重要的作用。因此，研究如何在碳配额交