我国竞技体育发展模式的形成、演变与重构

我国竞技体育发展模式的形成、演变与重构一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在深入探讨我国竞技体育发展模式的形成、演变与重构。竞技体育作为国家体育事业的重要组成部分，其发展模式的变迁不仅反映了国家体育政策的调整和社会经济的发展，也直接影响着我国在国际竞技体育舞台上的地位和影响力。本文将从历史的角度梳理我国竞技体育发展模式的演变过程，分析各个阶段的特点及其成因，并在此基础上探讨未来我国竞技体育发展模式的重构方向与策略。Thisarticleaimstoexploreindepththeformation,evolution,andreconstructionofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChina.Asanimportantcomponentofthenationalsportsindustry,thechangesinthedevelopmentmodeofcompetitivesportsnotonlyreflecttheadjustmentofnationalsportspoliciesandsocio-economicdevelopment,butalsodirectlyaffectChina'spositionandinfluenceontheinternationalcompetitivesportsstage.ThisarticlewillsortouttheevolutionprocessofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodelfromahistoricalperspective,analyzethecharacteristicsandcausesofeachstage,andbasedonthis,explorethedirectionandstrategyoffuturereconstructionofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodel.本文将回顾我国竞技体育发展模式的形成过程，分析在特定历史背景下，如何形成了以政府主导、举国体制为特征的竞技体育发展模式。本文将详细阐述我国竞技体育发展模式的演变历程，包括改革开放以来的转型与发展，以及进入新世纪后的调整与优化。在这一过程中，将重点关注政策调整、市场化改革、社会参与等多方面因素对竞技体育发展模式的影响。ThisarticlewillreviewtheformationprocessofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodelandanalyzehowithasformedacompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodelcharacterizedbygovernmentleadershipandanationalsysteminaspecifichistoricalcontext.ThisarticlewillelaborateontheevolutionprocessofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodel,includingthetransformationanddevelopmentsincethereformandopeningup,aswellastheadjustmentandoptimizationafterenteringthenewcentury.Inthisprocess,emphasiswillbeplacedontheimpactofvariousfactorssuchaspolicyadjustments,market-orientedreforms,andsocialparticipationonthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesports.本文将重点探讨我国竞技体育发展模式的重构问题。在全球化、市场化、信息化的背景下，如何适应新的国际竞技体育发展趋势，构建符合我国国情的竞技体育发展模式，将是我国体育事业面临的重大课题。本文将从政策制定、资源配置、人才培养、科技创新等多方面提出重构我国竞技体育发展模式的策略与建议，以期为我国竞技体育的可持续发展提供有益参考。ThisarticlewillfocusonthereconstructionofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChina.Inthecontextofglobalization,marketization,andinformatization,howtoadapttothenewinternationaltrendofcompetitivesportsdevelopmentandbuildacompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodelthatisinlinewithChina'snationalconditionswillbeamajorissuefacingChina'ssportsindustry.ThisarticlewillproposestrategiesandsuggestionsforreconstructingthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinafromvariousaspectssuchaspolicyformulation,resourceallocation,talentcultivation,andtechnologicalinnovation,inordertoprovideusefulreferencesforthesustainabledevelopmentofcompetitivesportsinChina.二、我国竞技体育发展模式的形成TheformationofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChina我国竞技体育发展模式的形成，根植于深厚的历史文化土壤和特定的社会经济发展背景之中。自新中国成立以来，竞技体育在我国的发展经历了从无到有、从弱到强的历程。其形成的过程，大体可以划分为以下几个阶段：Theformationofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinourcountryisrootedintheprofoundhistoricalandculturalsoilandspecificsocio-economicdevelopmentbackground.SincetheestablishmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,thedevelopmentofcompetitivesportsinourcountryhasgonethroughaprocessfromscratch,fromweaktostrong.Theprocessofitsformationcanberoughlydividedintothefollowingstages:第一，起步阶段（建国初期至20世纪50年代末）。新中国成立之初，百废待兴，竞技体育的发展同样面临着巨大的挑战。在这一阶段，我国竞技体育发展模式主要体现为学习和借鉴苏联的模式，强调政府主导和集中力量办大事的优势。通过集中全国的资源，建立了一批体育学校和运动队，培养了一批优秀的运动员和教练员，为我国竞技体育的发展奠定了坚实的基础。Firstly,theinitialstage(fromtheearlydaysofthefoundingofthecountrytothelate1950s).AtthebeginningofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,therewasalotofwastewaitingtoberevitalized,andthedevelopmentofcompetitivesportsalsofacedenormouschallenges.Atthisstage,thedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinaismainlyreflectedinlearningfromanddrawingonthemodeloftheSovietUnion,emphasizingtheadvantagesofgovernmentleadershipandconcentratedeffortstoaccomplishgreatthings.Byconcentratingnationalresources,anumberofsportsschoolsandteamshavebeenestablished,andagroupofoutstandingathletesandcoacheshavebeentrained,layingasolidfoundationforthedevelopmentofcompetitivesportsinChina.第二，探索阶段（20世纪60年代初至70年代末）。在这一阶段，我国竞技体育发展模式开始逐渐探索自己的道路。面对国内外环境的复杂变化，我国竞技体育在坚持政府主导的同时，也开始注重发挥市场机制的作用，通过多元化的资金来源和更加灵活的运作模式，推动了竞技体育的快速发展。Secondly,theexplorationstage(fromtheearly1960stothelate1970s).Atthisstage,thedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinabegantograduallyexploreitsownpath.Inthefaceofcomplexchangesinthedomesticandinternationalenvironment,whileadheringtogovernmentleadership,China'scompetitivesportshavealsobeguntopayattentiontotheroleofmarketmechanisms.Throughdiversifiedfundingsourcesandmoreflexibleoperatingmodels,ithaspromotedtherapiddevelopmentofcompetitivesports.第三，形成阶段（20世纪80年代初至今）。随着我国改革开放的深入推进，竞技体育发展模式也迎来了重大的变革。在这一阶段，我国竞技体育开始全面融入国际竞技体育体系，积极参与国际赛事，并取得了举世瞩目的成绩。我国竞技体育也开始注重运动员的全面发展，强调体育精神的培育和传承，形成了具有中国特色的竞技体育发展模式。Thirdly,theformationstage(fromtheearly1980stothepresent).WiththedeepeningofChina'sreformandopeningup,thedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportshasalsoundergonesignificantchanges.Atthisstage,China'scompetitivesportsbegantofullyintegrateintotheinternationalcompetitivesportssystem,activelyparticipateininternationalcompetitions,andhaveachievedremarkableresultsthathaveattractedworldwideattention.China'scompetitivesportshavealsobeguntofocusonthecomprehensivedevelopmentofathletes,emphasizingthecultivationandinheritanceofsportsspirit,formingadevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportswithChinesecharacteristics.我国竞技体育发展模式的形成，是在不断适应和应对国内外环境变化的过程中逐步形成的。它既体现了政府主导和集中力量办大事的优势，也发挥了市场机制的作用，形成了具有中国特色的竞技体育发展模式。这种模式在推动我国竞技体育事业发展的也为我国体育事业的发展提供了有力的支撑和保障。Theformationofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinourcountryisgraduallyformedintheprocessofconstantlyadaptingtoandrespondingtochangesinthedomesticandinternationalenvironment.Itnotonlyreflectstheadvantagesofgovernmentleadershipandconcentratedeffortsindoinggreatthings,butalsoplaystheroleofmarketmechanisms,formingacompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodelwithChinesecharacteristics.ThismodelnotonlypromotesthedevelopmentofChina'scompetitivesportsindustry,butalsoprovidesstrongsupportandguaranteeforthedevelopmentofChina'ssportsindustry.三、我国竞技体育发展模式的演变TheEvolutionoftheDevelopmentModelofCompetitiveSportsinChina我国竞技体育发展模式的演变，可以说是与国家的改革开放进程和体育事业的发展紧密相连的。其演变过程大致可以分为三个阶段：计划经济时代的举国体制、市场经济初期的多元化探索、以及新时代背景下的高质量发展。TheevolutionofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodelcanbesaidtobecloselyrelatedtothecountry'sreformandopeningupprocessandthedevelopmentofsportsindustry.Theevolutionprocesscanberoughlydividedintothreestages:thenationalsystemintheplannedeconomyera,theexplorationofdiversificationintheearlystageofmarketeconomy,andhigh-qualitydevelopmentinthecontextofthenewera.在计划经济时代，我国竞技体育发展模式主要以举国体制为主。政府主导体育资源的配置，通过行政手段推动竞技体育的发展。这种模式下，各级体育行政部门、运动队、教练员和运动员形成了紧密的组织体系，确保了我国在奥运会等国际大赛中取得优异成绩。然而，随着改革开放的深入，这种模式也暴露出一些问题，如资源配置不够灵活、运动员退役和再就业困难等。Intheeraofplannedeconomy,thedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinawasmainlybasedonthenationalsystem.Thegovernmentleadstheallocationofsportsresourcesandpromotesthedevelopmentofcompetitivesportsthroughadministrativemeans.Underthismodel,sportsadministrativedepartments,sportsteams,coaches,andathletesatalllevelshaveformedacloseorganizationalsystem,ensuringthatChinaachievesexcellentresultsininternationalcompetitionssuchastheOlympics.However,withthedeepeningofreformandopeningup,thismodelhasalsoexposedsomeproblems,suchasinsufficientflexibilityinresourceallocation,difficultiesinathleteretirementandreemployment,etc.进入市场经济初期，我国竞技体育发展模式开始探索多元化。体育部门开始尝试引入市场机制，吸引社会资本投入竞技体育。同时，也加强了与国际体育组织的合作，学习借鉴国际先进经验。这一阶段的竞技体育发展，更加注重运动员的个人发展和市场需求，运动员的退役和再就业问题也得到了更多的关注。Intheearlystageofenteringthemarketeconomy,China'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodelbegantoexplorediversification.Thesportsdepartmenthasbeguntoattempttointroducemarketmechanismstoattractsocialcapitaltoinvestincompetitivesports.Atthesametime,wehavealsostrengthenedcooperationwithinternationalsportsorganizationsandlearnedfromadvancedinternationalexperiences.Inthisstageofcompetitivesportsdevelopment,moreattentionispaidtothepersonaldevelopmentandmarketdemandofathletes,andtheretirementandreemploymentissuesofathleteshavealsoreceivedmoreattention.进入新时代，我国竞技体育发展模式正面临着高质量发展的要求。在保持竞技体育优势的更加注重运动员的全面发展和人民群众的体育需求。政府逐步放权，让市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用，同时更好地发挥政府作用。还加强了体育与科技、教育、文化等领域的融合，推动竞技体育与全民健身的协调发展。Enteringanewera,thedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinaisfacingtherequirementofhigh-qualitydevelopment.Paymoreattentiontothecomprehensivedevelopmentofathletesandthesportsneedsofthepeoplewhilemaintainingcompetitivesportsadvantages.Thegovernmentisgraduallydelegatingpower,allowingthemarkettoplayadecisiveroleinresourceallocation,whilebetterleveragingthegovernment'srole.Wehavealsostrengthenedtheintegrationofsports,technology,education,culture,andotherfields,promotingthecoordinateddevelopmentofcompetitivesportsandnationalfitness.我国竞技体育发展模式的演变是一个不断适应时代要求、不断创新发展的过程。从计划经济时代的举国体制到市场经济初期的多元化探索，再到新时代背景下的高质量发展，每一次演变都为我国竞技体育的发展注入了新的活力。未来，随着体育事业的不断发展和社会环境的不断变化，我国竞技体育发展模式还将继续演变，为推动我国由体育大国向体育强国迈进提供有力支撑。Theevolutionofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinourcountryisaprocessofconstantlyadaptingtotherequirementsofthetimesandconstantlyinnovatinganddeveloping.Fromthenationalsystemintheeraofplannedeconomytothediversifiedexplorationintheearlystageofmarketeconomy,andthentothehigh-qualitydevelopmentinthecontextofthenewera,eachevolutionhasinjectednewvitalityintothedevelopmentofcompetitivesportsinChina.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofsportsandchangesinthesocialenvironment,thedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinawillcontinuetoevolve,providingstrongsupportforpromotingChina'stransitionfromasportspowerhousetoasportspowerhouse.四、我国竞技体育发展模式的重构ReconstructionoftheDevelopmentModelofCompetitiveSportsinChina随着时代的发展和社会的进步，我国竞技体育发展模式也面临着重构的必要性。传统的竞技体育发展模式在一定程度上忽视了运动员的全面发展，过度追求比赛成绩，导致运动员身心健康问题日益突出。因此，我们必须对我国竞技体育发展模式进行重构，以实现运动员的全面发展和社会体育的普及。Withthedevelopmentofthetimesandsocialprogress,thedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinaisalsofacingthenecessityofreconstruction.Thetraditionaldevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportshastosomeextentoverlookedthecomprehensivedevelopmentofathletes,excessivelypursuingcompetitionresults,leadingtoincreasinglyprominentphysicalandmentalhealthproblemsforathletes.Therefore,wemustreconstructthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinatoachievethecomprehensivedevelopmentofathletesandthepopularizationofsocialsports.重构我国竞技体育发展模式的核心是以人为本，注重运动员的全面发展。这包括提高运动员的文化素质、心理素质和身体素质，促进他们在德、智、体、美等多方面的全面发展。同时，我们还应该加强对运动员的关爱和保障，关注他们的身心健康，为他们提供更多的职业发展机会和出路。ThecoreofreconstructingthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinaistoputpeoplefirstandfocusonthecomprehensivedevelopmentofathletes.Thisincludesimprovingthecultural,psychological,andphysicalqualitiesofathletes,promotingtheircomprehensivedevelopmentinvariousaspectssuchasmorality,intelligence,physicalfitness,andaesthetics.Atthesametime,weshouldalsostrengthenourcareandprotectionforathletes,payattentiontotheirphysicalandmentalhealth,andprovidethemwithmorecareerdevelopmentopportunitiesandopportunities.在重构竞技体育发展模式的过程中，我们还应该注重社会体育的普及。竞技体育是社会体育的重要组成部分，但社会体育的发展也需要竞技体育的推动。因此，我们应该通过竞技体育的发展，带动社会体育的普及，提高全民健身意识，推动全民健身事业的发展。Intheprocessofreconstructingthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesports,weshouldalsopayattentiontothepopularizationofsocialsports.Competitivesportsareanimportantcomponentofsocialsports,butthedevelopmentofsocialsportsalsorequiresthepromotionofcompetitivesports.Therefore,weshouldpromotethepopularizationofsocialsports,enhancetheawarenessofnationalfitness,andpromotethedevelopmentofnationalfitnessthroughthedevelopmentofcompetitivesports.重构竞技体育发展模式还需要加强与国际接轨。随着全球化的发展，竞技体育已经成为国际交流的重要窗口。我们应该积极参与国际竞技体育交流，学习借鉴国际先进经验，提高我国竞技体育的水平和影响力。Thereconstructionofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsstillneedstostrengthenitsintegrationwithinternationalstandards.Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,competitivesportshavebecomeanimportantwindowforinternationalexchanges.Weshouldactivelyparticipateininternationalsportsexchanges,learnfromanddrawonadvancedinternationalexperiences,andimprovethelevelandinfluenceofcompetitivesportsinourcountry.重构我国竞技体育发展模式是一项长期而艰巨的任务。我们需要坚持以人为本、注重运动员的全面发展、加强社会体育的普及、加强与国际接轨等多方面的措施，推动我国竞技体育事业的健康发展。Reconstructingthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinourcountryisalong-termandarduoustask.Weneedtoadheretomeasuressuchaspeople-oriented,focusingonthecomprehensivedevelopmentofathletes,strengtheningthepopularizationofsocialsports,andstrengtheninginternationalintegrationtopromotethehealthydevelopmentofChina'scompetitivesportsindustry.五、案例分析Caseanalysis在我国竞技体育的发展历程中，有几个具有代表性的案例，它们不仅反映了我国竞技体育发展模式的形成、演变与重构，也为未来的发展方向提供了深刻的启示。InthedevelopmentprocessofcompetitivesportsinChina,thereareseveralrepresentativecasesthatnotonlyreflecttheformation,evolution,andreconstructionofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChina,butalsoprovideprofoundinsightsforfuturedevelopmentdirections.案例一：中国女子排球队。这支队伍在上世纪80年代凭借“女排精神”赢得了世界的瞩目，其成功的背后是我国竞技体育举国体制的典型体现。政府的大力支持、专业的训练体系、全国范围内的选材机制以及严格的纪律要求，共同构成了女排成功的基石。然而，随着市场经济的发展和国际竞技体育环境的变化，中国女排也面临着新的挑战。在经历了一段时间的低谷后，中国女排通过引入外籍教练、加强与国际先进训练理念的交流，以及完善运动员选拔和培养机制等措施，逐渐恢复了竞技水平，再次成为世界强队。这一案例表明，举国体制与市场机制的有效结合，是我国竞技体育发展模式演变的重要方向。Case1:Chinesewomen'svolleyballteam.Thisteamwonworldattentioninthe1980swithits"women'svolleyballspirit",andbehinditssuccessisatypicalembodimentofChina'snationalcompetitivesportssystem.Thestrongsupportofthegovernment,aprofessionaltrainingsystem,anationwidetalentselectionmechanism,andstrictdisciplinaryrequirementscollectivelyconstitutethecornerstoneofthesuccessofthewomen'svolleyballteam.However,withthedevelopmentofmarketeconomyandchangesintheinternationalcompetitivesportsenvironment,theChinesewomen'svolleyballteamisalsofacingnewchallenges.Afterexperiencingaperiodofdecline,theChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhasgraduallyregaineditscompetitivelevelandonceagainbecomeaworld-classteambyintroducingforeigncoaches,strengtheningexchangeswithinternationaladvancedtrainingconcepts,andimprovingathleteselectionandtrainingmechanisms.ThiscasedemonstratesthattheeffectivecombinationofthenationalsystemandmarketmechanismsisanimportantdirectionfortheevolutionofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodel.案例二：中国乒乓球队。作为我国的国球，乒乓球队的成功在很大程度上得益于其独特的训练方法和选拔机制。长期以来，乒乓球队注重培养运动员的基本功和心理素质，通过科学的训练方法和手段，不断提高运动员的技术水平。同时，乒乓球队还建立了一套完善的选材机制，从全国范围内选拔优秀的后备人才。这些措施使得中国乒乓球队在国际比赛中始终保持领先地位。然而，随着技术的不断进步和竞争的日益激烈，乒乓球队也需要不断创新训练方法、完善选材机制，以适应新的形势。Case2:Chinesetabletennisteam.Asthenationalteamofourcountry,thesuccessoftabletennisteamsislargelyduetotheiruniquetrainingmethodsandselectionmechanisms.Foralongtime,tabletennisteamshavefocusedoncultivatingthebasicskillsandpsychologicalqualitiesofathletes,continuouslyimprovingtheirtechnicallevelthroughscientifictrainingmethodsandmeans.Atthesametime,thetabletennisteamhasalsoestablishedacomprehensiveselectionmechanismtoselectoutstandingreservetalentsfromacrossthecountry.ThesemeasureshaveenabledChinesetabletennisteamstomaintainaleadingpositionininternationalcompetitions.However,withthecontinuousprogressoftechnologyandincreasinglyfiercecompetition,tabletennisteamsalsoneedtoconstantlyinnovatetrainingmethodsandimproveselectionmechanismstoadapttothenewsituation.案例三：中国田径队。近年来，我国田径项目在国际比赛中取得了显著的成绩，这背后是我国竞技体育发展模式重构的结果。一方面，政府加大了对田径项目的投入和支持力度，提高了训练条件和科研水平；另一方面，田径队也积极引入国际先进的训练理念和方法，加强了与国际优秀教练的交流与合作。田径队还注重培养运动员的综合素质和心理素质，提高他们的竞技能力和抗压能力。这些措施共同推动了我国田径项目的快速发展，也为其他项目提供了有益的借鉴。CaseThree:ChineseAthleticsTeam.Inrecentyears,China'strackandfieldeventshaveachievedsignificantresultsininternationalcompetitions,whichistheresultoftherestructuringofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodel.Ontheonehand,thegovernmenthasincreasedinvestmentandsupportintrackandfieldevents,improvingtrainingconditionsandresearchlevels;Ontheotherhand,thetrackandfieldteamactivelyintroducesadvancedinternationaltrainingconceptsandmethods,andstrengthenscommunicationandcooperationwithexcellentinternationalcoaches.Thetrackandfieldteamalsofocusesoncultivatingthecomprehensiveandpsychologicalqualitiesofathletes,improvingtheircompetitiveandstressresistanceabilities.ThesemeasureshavejointlypromotedtherapiddevelopmentoftrackandfieldeventsinChina,andalsoprovidedusefulreferencesforotherevents.以上三个案例分别代表了我国竞技体育发展模式的形成、演变与重构过程。通过分析这些案例，我们可以发现，我国竞技体育发展模式的演变是一个不断适应时代变化、不断调整和完善的过程。在未来的发展中，我们应继续坚持举国体制与市场机制相结合的发展方向，加强与国际先进训练理念和方法的交流与合作，注重培养运动员的综合素质和心理素质，以推动我国竞技体育的持续发展。Theabovethreecasesrepresenttheformation,evolution,andreconstructionprocessofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodel.Byanalyzingthesecases,wecanfindthattheevolutionofChina'scompetitivesportsdevelopmentmodelisaprocessofconstantlyadaptingtochangesinthetimes,constantlyadjustingandimproving.Infuturedevelopment,weshouldcontinuetoadheretothedevelopmentdirectionofcombiningthenationalsystemwithmarketmechanisms,strengthenexchangesandcooperationwithinternationaladvancedtrainingconceptsandmethods,focusoncultivatingthecomprehensiveandpsychologicalqualitiesofathletes,andpromotethesustaineddevelopmentofcompetitivesportsinChina.六、结论Conclusion经过对我国竞技体育发展模式的历史回溯与现实审视，我们可以清晰地看到，我国竞技体育的发展模式的形成、演变与重构是一个复杂而持续的过程。这一过程深受我国的政治、经济、文化和社会发展的影响，同时也体现了国家发展战略和体育政策导向的变化。AfterahistoricalreviewandpracticalexaminationofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChina,wecanclearlyseethattheformation,evolution,andreconstructionofthedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinaisacomplexandcontinuousprocess.ThisprocessisdeeplyinfluencedbyChina'spolitical,economic,cultural,andsocialdevelopment,andalsoreflectschangesinthenationaldevelopmentstrategyandsportspolicyorientation.在计划经济时期，我国竞技体育发展模式主要以政府主导、举国体制为特点，以追求竞技成绩为主要目标。这种模式在特定的历史阶段为我国竞技体育的快速发展提供了强大的动力和支持。然而，随着社会的转型和经济的发展，这种模式也逐渐显露出一些问题，如资源分配不均、运动员培养机制不完善、市场化程度不高等。Duringtheplannedeconomyperiod,thedevelopmentmodelofcompetitivesportsinChinawasmainlycharacterizedbygovernmentleadershipandanationalsystem,withthemaingoalofpursuingcompetitiveresults.ThismodelhasprovidedstrongimpetusandsupportfortherapiddevelopmentofcompetitivesportsinChinaatspecifichistoricalstages.However,withthetransformationofsocietyandthedevelopmentoftheeconomy