情态动词的用法归纳终极版

PAGE1情态动词的用法要点情态动词的基本用法Cancould表示能力，允许和有把握的推断May,might表允许、祝愿，表推测语气轻如棉Must表必须、必要，表推测预期重如山Shall用于一三人称征求意见；用于二三人称表说话人的命令、允诺、威胁或警告也常见Should=oughtto表可能、建议、命令或劝告。Will，would表意志、意愿和习惯；用于第二人称疑问句征求意见；用于二三人称表推测也常见。Need，dare兼作实动和情动Need作情动，在疑问或否定中显神通Dare作情动，只“敢于”用在疑问、否定或条件句中10.Dare作实动，后接to句子才通11.情态动词+完成时的用法12.情态动词语气的强弱13.would和usedto（do）的区别14.must和haveto的区别15.其它can和could情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力1．“Idon’tthinkMikecantype.”“Yes,hecan.”2．IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butIcouldn’tlastyear.在肯定句中，表示客观可能性，并不涉及具体某事会发生，常用来说明人或事物的特征。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用could，may，might。Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.I’mconfidentthatasolutioncanbefound.Hecanbeveryforgetfulsometimes.Imaystayathomethisweekend.（实际可能性）Petermightcometojoinus.(实际可能性)Itwillbesunnyinthedaytime,butitcouldraintonight.(实际可能性)表示请求和允许。表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更委婉。Canweturntheairconditioneron?Anypoliceofficercaninsistonseeingadriver’slicense.Insoccer,youcan’ttouchtheballwithyourhands.Couldyouhavehercallmebackwhenshegetshome,please?IwonderifIcouldjustaskyoutosignthis.表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。Itcan’tbeeasycaringforamanandachildwhoarenotyourown.Canthemanovertherebeourheadmaster?表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。Canthisbeanexcusefornotgivingthemhelp?Thiscan’tbetrue.Howcanyoubesocrazy.特别说明：could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can（即：could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：——CouldIuseyourdictionary?——Yes,youcan.(否定回答可用：No,I’mafraidnot.)can和beableto辨析can(could)和beableto都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而beableto则有更多的形式。如：I’vealwayswantedtoabletospeakfluentEnglish.Thosebagslookreallyheavy,areyousureyou’llbeabletocarrythemonyourown?但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/wereableto来表示。这时，was/wereableto相当于managedtodo或succeedindoing。如：Aftertheaccidentitwasalongtimebeforeshewasabletowalkagain.Thefirewasverybig,butmostpeoplewereabletoescapefromthebuilding.(3)惯用形式“cannot…too…”表示“无论怎么……也不（过分）”。如：Youcannotbetoocareful.你越小心越好。惯用形式“cannotbut+不定式（不带to）”表示“不得不，只好”。如：Icannotbutadmireherdetermination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。二．may和might情态动词用法例句may/might表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用mustnot/mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用hadbetternot(最好别)或maynot（不可以），语气较为委婉。MayIcomeinandwait?——MayIsmokehere?——No,youmustn’t(或No,you’dbetternot.)在表示请求、允许时，might比may语气更委婉些。用MayI征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用CanI征询对方意见更为常见。MightIborrowyourpen?IwonderifImightspeaktoyourson.表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意；用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。Itmayrainthisafternoon.Shemightcometojoinusthisafternoon.Isupposehemighthavemissedthetrain.may用于祈使句表示祝愿Mayyousucceed.Longmayhelive!愿他能持续住下去。Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone.Maysherestinpeace.愿她安息。惯用句式：“maywell+动词原形”，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于tobeverylikelyto“mayaswell或might(just)aswell+动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于“hadbetter或thereisnoreasontodoanythingelse.ItmaywellchangeforeverthewayyoulookatGreekart.Theremaywellbearealproblemhere.Thereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.Youmayaswelltellusnow,we’llfindoutsoonerorlater.Isupposewemightaswellgohome.Andifyouhavetoploughthefieldanyway,youmightaswellplantitatthesametime.二．must和haveto情态动词用法例句must表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should，oughtto强烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示“不准，不应该，禁止”等意Youmustcometoschoolontime.Everybodymustobeythelaw.Youmustn’tdrivesofastinthestreet.Wemustn’twasteanymoretime.在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用needn’t或don’thaveto，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t1．—MustIcomebackbeforeten?—Yes，youmust.(No,youneedn’t)表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、相必”，只用于肯定句中Itmustbemymother.Youmustbehungryafterawalk.Theremustbeaholeinthewall.havetohaveto“必须，不得不”，意义与must相近。但must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则往往强调客观需要。Thefilmisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而haveto则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。1．IhadtoworkhardwhenIwasyourage.2．Iwillhavetolearnhowtouseacomputer.3．Inordertotaketheexam,we’llhavetofinishthewholebookbytheendofthismonth.两者的否定意义不同，mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”，don’thaveto表示不必。Youmustn’tgothere.Youdon’thavetogothere.四．shall和should情态动词用法例句shall用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示ShallIopenthewindow?Shallwesay6o’clock,then?WhatshallIgetfordinner?用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Don’tworry,youshallgettheanswerthisafternoon.(允诺)Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.（警告）YoushalldoasIsay.(命令)Ifyouchildrendon’tdoasItellyou,youshallnotgototheparty.(威胁)should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”WhatshouldIdo?ShouldItrusthim?Youshouldreadhisnewbook.表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必，大概，或许”Itshouldbeanicedaytomorrow.TryphoningRobert,heshouldbehomenow.Heshouldbearoundsixtyyearsold.还可以用在if引导的条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用should+动词原形构成，主句都一定用虚拟语气AskTomtoringmeupifyoushouldseehim.(你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话)ShouldIbefreetomorrow,I’llcome.(万一我明天有时间，我就过来)Ifthingsshouldchangesuddenly,pleaseletmeknow.(万一情况突变，请通知我)用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异的情绪，意为“竟会”，与why，what，how，who连用，如果是疑问句，则不需要回答。WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?Don’taskme.HowshouldIknow?五．will和would情态动词用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。Heisthemanwhowillgohisownway.(他首歌自行其是的人。)Theysaidtheywouldmeetusat10:30atthestation.表示请求、建议等，用would比用will委婉、客气。Willyoupleasetakeamessageforhim?Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber?表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是，惯于”。will至现在，would指过去。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Peoplewilltalk.(人们总会说闲话。)Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.表示推测，意为“很可能，大概”。will表示推测比should把握大，比must把握小。Thesethingswillhappen.Thatwillbethemessengerringing.Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenhelefthome.表示功能，意为“能，行”。惯用形式：willdo/woulddo表示“解决问题”、“就行”。Thatwillbeallright.Eitherpenwilldo.Itwouldnotdotoworktoolate.（工作太晚不行。）用于否定句中，意为“不肯”、“不乐意”1．Iwon’tlistentoyournonsense.2．NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.特别说明：would与usedto辨析would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“shewouldbeaquietgirl.”另外，would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而usedto则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would可以表示不规则的习惯，usedto则不可。如：Heusedtobeanaughtyboyandcausetrouble.Iusedtogetupatsixinthemorning.Sometimesshewouldtakeawalkintheneighboringwoods.Inthosedays,wheneverIhaddifficulties,IwouldgotoMr.Chenforhelp.六．need和dare情态动词用法例句need用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去式要用needn'thave，疑问式用need+人称?,否定式用neednot(即needn't），1．—Needweleavesoon?—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't)2．Youneedn'thavehurried.(=Itwasnotnecessaryforyoutohurry，butyoudid).你当时不必这么匆忙。做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带to的不定式（needdoing=needtobedone）,过去式用needed、didyouneed?和didn'tneed,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、does、did提问，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't1.Ajoblikenursingneedspatienceandunderstanding.(need+名词，needunderstanding=needtobeunderstood,需要被理解)2．Heneedstoseeadoctor.(needtodo)3．Doyoustillneedvolunteerstohelpcleanupaftertheparty?(needsomebodytodosomething)4．Theydidn'tneedtostartsoearly.(donotneedtodo)dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中1．—Dareyoutellherthetruth?—Yes,Idare./No,Idaren’t.Howdareyouaccusemeoflying!Hedaren’tadmitthis.用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare后接带to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式。Onlyafewjournalistsdaredtocoverthestory.Hedoesn’tdare(to)gotherealone.Don’tyoudare(to)touchit?七．ought的用法：情态动词用法例句oughttodo表示“应该”之意Yououghttotakecareofhim.—OughtIgonow?—Yes,yououghtto./No,yououghtn’tto.表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别Hemustbehomebynow.(断定他已到家)Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定)Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比较直率)Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比较含蓄)说明：should与oughtto表示“应该”时的区别should表示自己的主观看法，而oughtto的语气中，含有“按道理应该……”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用oughtto。如：Youshouldhelpthemwiththeirwork.Youarehisfather.Yououghttogethimtoreceivegoodeducation.情态动词表推测1.

熟记情态动词的语气特点和用法限制。

1）表示肯定的猜测时，各情态动词语气强弱如下：

最强——must（一定）

will

（很有可能）

would（很有可能）

ought

to（应该，很有可能）

should（应该，很有可能）

can（可能）

could（可能）

may（可能）

最弱——might（可能）

肯定句不能用can;否定句mustn't需让贤；疑问句can,could伸手大显。2）表示否定的猜测时can't

/

couldn't语气最强，指“不可能”；may

/

might

not语气最弱，意思是“可能不”。

3)一些情态动词表猜测时的用法限制。

must只用于肯定句；

may/

might一般不用于疑问句；

could可用于各种句式；而can多用于否定句、疑问句，用于肯定句时，多指“客观可能性”。如：Lightning

can

be

very

dangerous.闪电可能会非常危险。

把握题干猜测语气的强弱。

题干中如果有客观依据，应该选择猜测语气最强的情态动词；如果没有客观依据，则应选择猜测语气最弱的情态动词。如：

—Are

you

coming

to

Jeff's

party?

—I'm

not

sure.

I

________go

to

the

concert

instead.

must

B.

would

C.

should

D.might

本题中的猜测没有客观依据。说话人对是否会去参加聚会还没拿定主意，去听音乐会也仅仅是有可能而已。因此，应选语气最弱项，答案为D“情态动词+havedone”用法不再对一件事情是否发生进行猜测，而是对已发生的事表达自己的看法，

有时具有一定的感情色彩。

情态动词+havedone用法例句musthavedone表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”Shemusthavegonethroughalot.HemusthavevisitedtheWhiteHouseduringhisstayintheUnitedStates.may/mighthavedone表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。Youmayhavelearntthenews.Hemaynothaveheardhisnamecalled.SorryI’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.can…havedonecannothavedone表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉）Wherecanshehavegone?Couldhehavedonesuchafoolishthing?Theboycan’thavefinishedreadingthebooksosoonbecauseitisdifficulteventoanadult.couldhavedone可用于肯定句中，could

have

done本可能（却没有）有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。He

could

have

caught

the

early

bus,

but

he

was

delayed

by

helping

a

stranger.他本能够赶上早班车；他是因为帮一个陌生人而晚点的。mighthavedonemight

have

done本可以做（却没有），有时表示很委婉的责备。You

might

have

phoned

me,

though

you

were

busy

then.你再忙也该给我打个电话。should/oughttohavedoneshould/oughttohavedone本该做（却未做）；oughtn't

to/

shouldn't

have

done本不该做（却做了），含有“责备”之意。You

shouldn't

have

done

that;

I

had

warned

you

of

that

several

times.我已多次警告你，你本不该那么做的。

needn’thavedone表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didn’tneedtodo表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”Youneedn’thavewateredtheplants,foritisgoingtorain.Ididn’tneedtobuythedictionary.Ihadacopyathome.hadbetterhavedone用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式hadbetternothavedone表示相反的含义。Youhadbetterhavestartedearlier.Youhadbetternothavescoldedher.wouldhavedonewould(not)

have

done本想做（却没做）/本不想做（却做了）。I

would

have

helped

you,

but

I

was

too

busy.我本想帮你，可我太忙了。1)You____allthoseclothes!Wehaveawashingmachinetodothatsortofthing

A)needn'thavewashedB)shouldn'thavewashed

C)mustnothavewashedD)cannothavewashed2)John'sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he____lastnight.

A)shouldstudyB)shouldhavestudiedC)musthavestudiedD)musthavetostudy3)Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.(CET-4,1996,6)

A)can'thavebeenB)shouldn'thavebeenC)mustn'thavebeenD)wouldn'thavebeen

4)Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands.They____fromSouthAmericaonrafts.

A)musthavesailedB)cansailC)mighthavesailedD)shouldhavesailed

5)Marywasnotinherbedroomyesterdayafternoon.She____inherclassroom.

A)shouldhavebeenB)musthavebeenC)mustbeD)shouldbe

6)Bobsaidhewasgoingtojoinourclubbuthedidn't.He____hismind.

A)can'thavechangedB)wouldn'thavechanged

C)musthavechangedD)shouldn'thavechangedYou____totowntoseethefilmyesterday.ItwillbeonTVtonight.

A)needn'tgoB)hadbetternotgoC)shouldnotgoD)needn'thavegone

8)We____theletteryesterday,butitdidn'tarrive.

A)mustreceiveB)oughttoreceiveC)musthavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived9)Withalltheworkonhand,he____tothecinemalastnight.

A)mustn'tgoB)shouldn'thavegoneC)couldnotgoD)couldn'thavegone

10)Evewaslateforclassagain.She____earlier.

A)shouldgetupB)mustgetupC)needtogetupD)shouldhavegotup

11)Iamfeelingsick.I____somuchchocolate.

A)needn'thaveeatenB)couldn'thaveeaten

C)mustn'thaveeatenD)shouldn'thaveeaten

12)Ididn'tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI____.

A)hadB)woulddoC)shouldhaveD)mighthaveto

13)Walkingaloneinthedesertedvillage,Johnwasscared.Hethoughthe____Tomtogowithhim.

A)mighthaveaskedB)shouldaskedC)musthaveaskedD)shouldhaveasked

14)WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted;I____thereearlier.

A)oughttogetB)oughttohavegotC)musthavegotD)mustget

15)Theroadwasmuddy.It____lastnight.

A)mustrainedB)musthaverainedC)mustberainedD)couldhaverained

16)ShecanspeakquitefluentEnglish.She____.

A)mustbeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

B)musthavebeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

C)shouldhavebeenintheU.S.A.forsometime

D)MaybeintheU.S.A.forsometime

17)Youshouldbearinmindthatheisnotsostrongashe____.

A)wasusedtobeB)usedtobeC)wasusedtoD)useto

18)“Wedidn'tseehimattheexhibitionyesterday.”“He___it.”

A)mustn'tvisitB)can'thavevisitedC)shouldhavegonetoseeD)maysee19)Mary____myletter,otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.

A)shouldhavereceivedB)hasreceived

C)Couldn'thavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived

20)I____youavaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoney.

A)wouldhavelikedtogiveB)likedtogive

C)havelikedtogiveD)wouldliketogive

21)“Where____myumbrella?”“Somebody____itawaybymistake.”

A)is,musthavetakenB)is,musttakeC)havebeen,musttakeD)is,takes

22)What____wouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

A)willyousupposeB)yousupposeC)doyousupposeD)youwouldsuppose

23)Twoeyes____seemorethanone.

A)canB)mayC)willD)should

24)____youcontinueinyoureffortsandachievenewandgreatersuccesses.

A)WouldB)WillC)MayD)Shou