2022-2023学年江西省高三年级上册期中英语试卷

2022-2023学年江西省高三（上）期中英语试卷

六

题号一二三四五总分

得分

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第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共分）

A

BigThinkersSeries

The2022BigThinkersSeriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks,coveringawiderange

oftopicsbyworld-classscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryour

universe,thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.Save£20offthestandardticketpriceby

purchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSeries（availableon-demand）orpurchase

singleticketsforjust£13perlecture（availablebyearlybooking）.Reality+：FromtheMatrixtothe

MetaversewithDavidChalmersInthistalk,philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaverse-style

virtualworldsexperiencedthroughheadsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwecanlivea

meaningfullifeinVR.Whatwedon'tknowaboutgravitywithClaudiadeRhamWeareallfamiliarwith

theconceptofgravity.Inthistalk,ProfessorClaudiadeRhamwillexplorehowmuchweactuallyknow

aboutgravityandhowmuchmorethereislefttouncover.ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChad

OrzelFromStonehengetoatomicclocks,hereisthe5,000-yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomark

time.ChadOrzel,theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog,

offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky（反常的）historicaldetail.Physicsatthe

EndoftheuniversewithKatieMackTheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverse

forthelast13.8billionyears.Buthowdoesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackassheshareswhat

modernastrophysicstellsusaboutthefinalfateoftheuniverse.

1.owmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?

A.£13.B.£20.C.£30.D.£32.

2.WhatwillChadOrzellecturein?

A.Thegenuinereality.B.Thesecretsofgravity.C.Thehistoryoftimemarking.D.Thefinalfateof

theuniverse.

3.Whatdothefourtalkshaveincommon?

A.Theyareallaimedatsciencelovers.B.Theyareallconcernedwithgravity.C.Theywillallbe

givenbybestsellingauthors.D.Theywillallbegivenbyexcellentphysicians.

B

，2021attheageof92,wasanextraordinaryscholarineverysenseoftheword.BythetimeImethimin

1982,he'dmadegreatcontributionstoscience.Forexample,hediscoveredthechemicalmeansbywhich

antscommunicate.Heworkedouttheimportanceofthehabitatsizeandpositioninprotectinganimals.In

1982Icautiouslysatdownnexttothegreatmanduringabreakatasmallconferenceonsocialinsects.He

turned,extendedhishandandsaid,"Hi,I'mEdWilson.Idon'tbelievewe'vemet.'*Thenwetalkeduntil

itwastimetogetbacktothemeeting.ThreehourslaterIapproachedhimagain.Heturned,extendedhis

handandsaid,"Hi,I'mEdWilson.Idon*tbelievewe'vemet"Wilsonforgotmebutremainedfriendly.I

wasfreshoutofgraduateschool,whileWilsonwasalreadyveryfamous.Yethedidn*thesitatetoextend

hishandtome,notoncebuttwice.MyworkstudyingnativeplantsandinsectswasinspiredbyWilson's

descriptionsofbiodiversity.His1992book,TheDiversityofLife,becamethebasisforaneventualturn

inmycareerpath.ThroughouthiscareerWilsoncommunicatedtheurgentneedtopreservethenatural

world.AsIseeit,theonlywaytorealizeWilson*slifelongwishistoburytheideathathumansarehereand

natureissomeplaceelse.Providingapracticalplanforprotectingtheearthhasbeenmygoalforthelast20

years,andI'mhonoredthatitmixeswithWilson*sthought.

4.WhendidtheauthormeetWilsonfbrthefirsttime?

A.WhentheauthorwasdoingbusinessB.WhentheauthorwasingraduateschoolC.Whenthe

authorattendedasmallconferenceD.Whentheauthorwasstudyingnativeplants.

5.WhatdidtheauthorprobablythinkofWilsonaftertheymet?

A.Clever.B.Determined.C.Creative.D.Kind.

6.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?

A.HeregularlyhaddiscussionswithWilson.B.HisresearchwasinfluencedbyWilson.C.Hewrote

abookundertheguidanceofWilson.D.HisopinionaboutnaturewasdifferentfromWilson's.

7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkthewaytorealizeWilson'slifelongwishis?

A.Stayingawayfromnature.B.Learningtocoexistwithnature.C.Conductingfutureresearch.D.

Learningaboutallkindsofanimals

c

There'snothingwrongwithatomatothatisn'tperfectlyroundedorapeachwithanextradimple（浅凹）

ortwo；theystillcarrythesamebenefitsandflavorsastheversionswe'reusedtoseeingingrocery

stores.Farmersconventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,,agrowinggroupofgrocerychainsare

fightingtomakethesedesertedfruitsandvegetablespartofconsumers'buyinghabits.Onesuchbusiness

isImperfectProduce,astart-upthatdeliversfreshuglyproducetoconsumers.Throughthisservice,you

cangetupto20poundsoffruitandveggiesforaround$,thecompanyhadamajorbreakthroughwhen

WholeFoodsacceptedtheirpartnershipandagreedtosellthemisshapen（畸形的）produce.Whilethis

movementmightbeanewtrendhereintheUS,it'salreadygainedseriousmomentum（势头）in

Europe.In2014,theE.U.announcedtheYearAgainstFoodWaste,withFrenchgrocerychainIntermarche

launchingaverysuccessfulcampaigncalledIngloriousFruitsandVegetablesandEngland'sWaitrose

sellingweatherblemishedapples.InPortugal,asimilarcompanytoImperfectProducecalledFrutaFeia

hasalsotakenoff.Buyingtheseunfortunate-lookingfoodsshouldbeappealingtoconsumersnotonly

becauseoftheaffordability,butalsobecauseofthesupportitgivestofarmersandthedirectimpactithas

ondecreasingfoodwasteandtheenvironmentalpollution.ltisbelievedthatwhenthediscardedfruitsand

vegetablesdecomposetheyreleasemethane,agreenhousegasthat,whenreleasedintotheatmosphere,

isabout86timesaspowerfulascarbondioxideovera20-yearperiod.Wasteis,infact,theugliestthing

ofall.

8.Whatdofarmersdowithimperfectfruitsandvegetablestraditionally?

A.Throwthemaway.B.Tunthemintofertilizer.C.Donatethemtocharity.D.Storethemforthe

winter.

9.WhatisthepurposeofImperfectProduce?

A.Tomakebetterprofits.B.Tosellimperfectproduce.C.Togetdiscountsfromfarmers.D.To

competewithWholeFoods.

10.WhatcanwelearnaboutEuropecomparedwiththeUS?

A.Ithasmoresuccessfully-runfoodchains.B.Itproduceslessmisshapenfruitsandvegetables.C.It

addressestheproblemofmisshapenproduceearlier.D.Itfacesamoreseriousproblemof

unfavorableweather.

11.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whyiswastedfoodharmfultotheenvironment?

A.Itpollutesthefarms.B.Itgivesoutabadsmell.C.Itcontributestoglobalwarming.D.Itproduces

lotsofcarbondioxide.

D

Youdon'tneedtobeanexperttorecognizelunamoths（蚕蛾）.Theyhavehairywhitebodies,redlegs

andhugegreenwingsthatstretchupto4.5inchesacross.Andattheendoftheirwingsareapairoflong

tailsthathaveattractedscientistsforcenturies.Someofthemtheorizedthatitwaspossiblethatfemale

mothsjudgedthehealthandqualityofamalebythesizeofhistails.Butitturnedoutthatfemalemoths

werenotchoosyatall.Theyjusthadsexwiththefirstmalestheycouldfind.Othersbelievedthatthetails

couldincreaselunamoths'sizetomakethemharderforthebats—themainenemyoflunamoths—to

handle.Butthetheoryprovedwrongin1903whenascientistnamedArchibaldWeeksputbatsagainsta

biggerspeciesofmothsthatlackedtails.Hefoundthatthebatskilled66%oftheirtargets.Lunamoths,

despitebeingsmaller,werehardertocatch."Clearly,theirtailsprovidedananti-batadvantage,°Weeks

observed."Ithinktheywereusedtodirectbatsawayfromthemoths*body."Hewasroughlyright.More

thanacenturylater,JesseBarberfromBoiseStateUniversityputlunamothsagainstbatsinadarkroom

andfilmedthehunting.Undernormalcircumstances,thebatsonlymanagedtocatch35%oftheluna

moths.ButifBarbercutofftheirtailsbeforehand,thebatscaught81%ofthem.Thatwasnotbecausethe

mothsbecameworsefliers-infact,cuttingthetroublesometailsseemedtohaveimprovedtheirflying

abilities.Barberexplainedthatbatswerenotvisualhunters.Theyfoundtheirfoodwithaspecialsound.To

beprotectedfrombats,lunamothsneededsomethingthatmadeconfusingsounds.Thatwaswhattheluna

moths'tailsdid：Astheyflew,theywavedbehindthemandproducedsoundsthatweresimilartotheir

wingbeats.Tobats,eithersoundedlikeahugepartoftheirtarget,orlikeanentirelydifferenttarget.As

aresult,theyaimedabouthalftheirattacksatthetails.

12.WhatisArchibaldWeeks'importantcontribution?

A.Hefoundthatbatsarethemainenemyoflunamoths.B.Hetheorizedthatlunamothsusetheir

tailstoconfusebats.C.Heprovedthatlunamoths'sizeisimportantfortheirsurvival.D.Heobserved

thatfemalemothsprefermalemothswithlongertails.

13.WhatcanbelearnedaboutbatsfromJesseBarbefsconclusion?

A.Theyarenotvisualhunters.B.Theyusuallyhuntintheday.C.Theylikebiggerspeciesof

moths.D.Theycanflyfurtherthanlunamoths.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"theyuinthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Bats.B.Wings.C.Lunamoths.D.Tailbeats.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhoIsRightAboutLunaMoths'Tails,BarberorWeeks?B.HowDoBatsUseTheirSpecial

SoundstoSearchforFood?C.WhyDoLunaMothsHaveSuchTroublesomeLongTails?D.

WhatAretheDisadvantagesforLunaMothstoHaveLongTails?

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共分)

Maybeyouarefearfulofmissingyourholidaysduetolongwaitsfornewpassports.(1).Checkyour

passporttoseewhenitwasissued"Aftertraveltookapauseformanyholidaymakersduringthepandemic,

plentyofpassportsneedtoberenewed.Tobeatanydisappointmentsforyoursummervacations,you'll

wanttomakesurethatithasbeennomorethantenyearssinceyourpassportwasissued,"Naveensays.

”⑵，includingpopulartravelspotssuchasEgypt,Thailand,andDubai.⑶."I'drecommendthoroughly

checkingyourapplicationbeforeyousenditoff.Manydelaysaremadethroughtypicalerrors-suchas

incorrectphotosortypos-whichcanworsenyourchancesofreceivingapassportintimeforasummertrip,

'*hecontinues.GofordigitalratherthanpaperNaveenadvises,"Therearemanyvariables(变数)that

gointohowlongitwilltaketogetyourpassportrenewed-fromafirst-timepassporttoachild's

renewal.Whenitcomestothemethodofhowyouapply,digitalapplicationsgenerallytakeashortamount

oftimeaspartsoftheapplicationarelesslikelytogetlost,plustheonlineprocesswillbemoreefficient.

(4).Makeanappointmentinpersonoroverthephone"Withthecurrentdemandfortravelinrecent

months,eventhefast-trackservicesforpassportrenewalarebecomingoverwhelmedsothereisnoquick

fix(捷径)toreceivingyourpassportontime,"hesays."(5).Alternatively,looktobookanappointment

tooneofthevariouspassportcentersacrossthecountrythatwayyoucanspeeduptheprocessinperson

andhavesomeoneonhandshouldtherebeanyerrors."A.EnsureyourdetailsarecorrectB.Admityour

informationofpassportsisrightC.Manypeopledon'tlikethestressfullifeandwanttotravelD.Keepthis

inmindifyoudon'twanttoendupbeingstuckinthewaitingline,founderofNextVacay,hasissuedfour

tipstospeedupthepassportprocessF.Youalsoneedtheminimumofthreeorsixmonthstogainentryinto

manydestinations,ifyouaretravelingfbranemergency,youmaybeabletoacceleratetheprocess

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共分)

TwelveyearsagoIdecidedtochangemyjobfromanEnglishasaSecondLanguageteachertosimply

workingatadepartmentstorechildcareroom,basicallyforbetterhoursandbenefits.My⑵)were

preschoolers.Tomy(22),manyofthese2-4yearoldchildren(23)noEnglishatallbecauseshoppersat

thestorewerefamiliesofemployeesataninternationalcompanywithheadquartersnearby.How(24)I

foundmyselfteachingEnglishtopreschoolers!Twoexperienceswereunforgettably(25)forme-they

camefromacoupleoflittlegirls.Onechildwasabout3years-oldwhenshe(26)intheplayroom.Shewas

(27),havingrecentlycomefromMexicoand(28),IknewsomeSpanish,sowe(29)timeplaying

togetherwhileshe(30)toEnglish-speakingchildrenaroundher.Eventuallyshe⑶)alocalpreschooland

became(32)inEnglish.Onedayshecametotheplayroomand(33)saidtome,"Teacher,remember

whenIcalledyou'maestra'?"Herbrighteyeswerefilledwith(34)!Theotherchildwasalso3years-old

whenshecametothe(35)thatwasfilledwithblocks,crayonsandpaper,teasets,etc.Shehadno(36)in

thetownbecauseherfamilyhadjustmovedfromanother(37).Shewenttopreschoollateron,also,and

showedhergreat(38)inspeakingEnglish!Thenoneday••,afteralongtimeaway••,shecameintothe

playroomandsaidtome,"Let'splayblocks!nAllourplaywas(39)withpleasureandlearningandwe

playedtogethercheerfully.FromthesechildrenIlearnedtoletextremediscomfortandthemassiveneed

for(40)becomeaspringboardforjoyandgrowth.

21.A.bossesB.chargesC.aimsD.workmates

22.A.satisfactionB.regretC.excitementD.surprise

23.A.encounteredB.likedC.improvedD.lacked

24.A.delightfuiB.encouragingC.incredibleD.lucky

25.A.annoyingB.worryingC.disappointingD.moving

26.A.turnedupB.leftoffC.playedbyD.lookedaround

27.A.activeB.braveC.nervousD.clever

28.A.missingB.speakingC.wantingD.ignoring

29.A.enjoyedB.wastedC.desiredD.valued

30.A.walkedB.wavedC.signedD.listened

31.A.calledonB.livedbyC.participatedinD.setup

32.A.brokenB.fluentC.trappedD.poor

33.A.sweetlyB.nervouslyC.hurriedlyD.slowly

34.A.sadnessB.hatredC.confidenceD.complaint

35.A.shopB.playroomC.yardD.centre

36.A.relativesB.teachersC.neighboursD.friends

37.A.stateB.schoolC.classroomD.street

38.A.discomfortB.conveniencesC.giftsD.shortage

39.A.changedB.connectedC.misunderstoodD.removed

40.A.pleasureB.concemC.noticeD.learning

第n卷(非选择题)

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共分)

41.TheTVseries,ALifelongJourney,(1)(earn)widespreadapplause,becomingthe

most-watchedTVseriesonStatebroadcasterChinaMediaGroupinthepastfiveyears.ALifelong

Journey,⑵(consist)of58episodes,isadaptedfromfamouswriterLiangXiaosheng*snovelof

thesamenamewhichwonthe10thMaoDunLiteraturePrize,oneofthecountry'stophonorsfor

localwriters,Startingin(3)late1960s,thestoryfollowstheupsanddownsofthreechildrenina

working-classfamilyinnortheasternChina,strikingachord(和弦)withviewersforitsdetails(4)

(vivid)(5)(publish)inDecember2017,thenovelshowsawiderangeofChinesepeoplefrom

different⑹(walk)oflife,fromconstructorstostart-upfounders,toexaminethehugeinfluence

broughtbythechangesofChinesesociety.TieNing,chairwomanoftheChinaWriters*Association,

saidthegreat⑺(popular)oftheTVseries,ALifelongJourney,illustratesthe"closebond”⑻

literatureandtelevision."Whiletakingalookathistory,wecouldseethemutual(相互的)influence

ofliterature,filmandtelevisiontoboostandinspireeachother,(9)hasconnectedwritersand

filmmakersclosely."sheadded.WithpopularTVseriesormovies,thestoriesthathaveinspiredsuch

screenworkswillseetheirinfluencegroweven(10)(far).

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改错(本大题共1小题，共分)

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共

有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除成修改。增加：

在缺词处加一个漏字符号(八)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)

划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其

修改均仅限一词：2.只允许修改10处、多者(从第11处起)不计分。Thewealherhasbeenlike

latesummerthisweek,eventhoughitisNovember.Ihavecaughtchanceandwalkedevery

morning.Afterthat,ItendtorewardmewithacupofcoffeefromthecafewhereverIusedtomeetmy

oldfriends.Duringthisdifficultytime,,Itakeabagofcoinswithmeandpaidwithexactchanges.I

exchangedtheremainderofmycoinswithpapermoney.Theclerkwasverymuchhappytoofferme

papermoneyandsaidthattheycouldalwaysusecoins,nomatterhowsmalltheamountwas.Heard

whatshesaid,Ifeltreallygratefulanddelighted.

六、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共分)

43.上周六，你校组织学生到世纪公园参加植树活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请以A

MeaningfulActivity为题，写一一篇报道，内容包括：(1)活动目的；(2)活动过程；(3)

活动意义。注意：(1)写作词数应为80左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作

答。AMeaningfulActivity

答案和解析

1〜3.【答案】D、C、A

【解析】（1）数字计算题。根据第二段

Save£20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSe

ries（availableon-demand）orpurchasesingleticketsforjust£13perlecture（availablebyearlyboo

king）.（购买“大思想家”系列所有四场演讲的系列票（可按需购买）或购买单场票价仅为13英镑

（可提前预订），可以节省标准票价20英镑）可知，单场的票价是13英镑，购买一个系列可以

节约20英镑，因此买一个系列的票价为：4x13-20=32（英镑）。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根

据ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分的FromStonehengetoatomicclocks,

hereisthe5,000-yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel,

theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog,

offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky（反常的）historicaldetail.（从巨石阵至U

原子钟，这是5000年来科学如何用来标记时间的历史。ChadOrzel是国际畅销书《如何教你的狗

量子物理》的作者，他通过科学理论和离奇的历史细节为我们提供了一段诙谐的旅程）可知，查

德•奥泽尔将用时间标记的历史来进行演讲。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据第一段的

Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse,

thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.（如果你对你的星球或宇宙感到好奇，那么这

个系列是你听到最新研究的地方）可知，这四个讲座的共同之处是它们都是针对科学爱好者•故

选A。这是一篇应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍《新科学家》举办的2022年大思想家系列活动的

四场在线讲座。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对

性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4〜7.【答案】C、D、B、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中ByIhetimeImethimin1982,he'dmadegreatcontributions

toscience.（1982年我见到他时,他对科学做出了巨大贡献。）以及第二段中的In19821cautiously

satdownnexttothegreatmanduringabreakatasmallconferenceonsocialinsects.（1982年,我在

一次关于社交昆虫的小型会议上休息时，小心翼翼地坐在这位伟人旁边。）可知，作者第一次见

到威尔逊的时候，是在一次小型会议的休息时间。故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段

Wilsonforgotmebutremainedfriendly.Iwasfreshoutofgraduateschool,whileWilsonwasalreadyvery

famous.Yethedidn'thesitatetoextendhishandtome,notoncebuttwice.（威尔逊忘记了我，但仍然

很友好。我刚从研究生院毕业，而威尔逊已经很有名了。但他毫不犹豫地向我伸出了手，不是一

次而是两次。）可知，威尔逊对于刚从研究生院毕业的作者是友好的，所以作者认为他是友善的。

A.Clever.聪明的：B.Determined.坚定的；C.Creative.有创意的;D.Kind.友善的。故选D。（3）

细节理解题。根据最后一段中的MyworkstudyingnativeplantsandinsectswasinspiredbyWilson's

descriptionsofbiodiversity.His1992book,TheDiversityofLife,becamethebasisforaneventualturn

inmycareerpath.（我研究本地植物和昆虫的工作受到威尔逊对生物多样性的描述的启发。他1992

年出版的著作《生活的多样性》成为我职业生涯最终转折的基础。）可知，威尔逊的生物多样性

的描述对我的研究是有启发的。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Asiseeit,theonly

waytorealizeWilson'slifelongwishistoburytheideathathumansarehereandnatureissomeplaceelse.

（在我看来，实现威尔逊毕生愿望的唯一方法就是要把人类在这里，自然在别处的隔阂消除。）

可知，实现威尔逊的毕生愿望的方式就是使人类和自然和平共处。故选B。本文是一篇记叙文。

文章讲述了作者与学者威尔逊先生相处时的经历及威尔逊对作者的影响。阅读理解题测试考生在

阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作

出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先

要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8〜11.【答案】A、B、C、C

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一Farmersconventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,

asmanygrocerychainswon'tbuythemforfearthattheyareunsellable.（农民通常会扔掉这些不完美

的物品，因为许多杂货连锁店不会购买它们，因为担心它们卖不出去）可知，传统上，农民处理

不完美的水果和蔬菜的方法是把它们扔掉。故选A。（2）细节理解题。根据第一段Farmers

conventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,asmanygrocerychainswon'tbuythemforfearthat

theyareunsellable.（农民通常会扔掉这些不完美的物品，因为许多杂货连锁店不会购买它们，因

为担心它们卖不出去）及第二段OnesuchbusinessisImperfectProduce,astart-upthatdeliversfresh

uglyproducetoconsumers.（其中一家公司是ImperfectProduce,这是一家向消费者提供新鲜丑陋

农产品的初创公司）可知，ImperfeetProduce的目的是向消费者售卖新鲜不完美的农产品。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段WhilethismovementmightbeanewtrendhereintheUS,it'salready

gainedseriousmomentum（势头）inEurope.（虽然这一运动在美国可能是一种新的趋势，但它

已经在欧洲获得了很大的势头）可推知，与美国相比，我们了解到欧洲解决了早期生产的不完美

的问题。故选C。（4）推理判断题。根据最后一Itisbelievedthatwhenthediscardedfruitsand

vegetablesdecomposetheyreleasemethane,agreenhousegasthat,whenreleasedinlotheatmosphere,

isabout86timesaspowerfulascarbondioxideovera20-yearperiod.（人们认为当丢弃的水果和蔬菜

分解时，它们会释放出甲烷，这是一种温室气体，当释放到大气中时、在20年内的威力约为二氧

化碳的86倍。）可知，根据最后一段，导致全球变暖是浪费的食物对环境的危害。故选C。本文

是一篇说明文。文章介绍了农产品销售企业为了让长相丑陋的蔬菜和水果进入销售渠道所做的努

力以及这样做的意义。阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的获取细节信息和逻辑推理能力，要求

考生根据文章所述内容作出合理的推断；或归纳作者所阐述的观点理论。考生首先要仔细阅读短

文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12〜15.【答案】B、A、C、C

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中Butthetheoryprovedwrongin1903whena

scientistnamedArchibaldWeeksputbatsagainstabiggerspeciesofmothsthatlackedtails.Hefoundth

atthebatskilled66%oftheirtargets.Lunamoths,despitebeingsmaller,werehardertocatch,"Clearly,

theirtailsprovidedananti-batadvantage,"Weeksobserved."!thinktheywereusedtodirectbatsaway

fromthemoths'body."（但1903年，当一位名叫ArchibaldWeeks的科学家将蝙蝠与一种更大的没

有尾巴的飞蛾进行对抗时，这个理论被证明是错误的。他发现蝙蝠杀死了66%的目标。月蛾尽管

体型较小，却更难捕捉。”很明显，它们的尾巴提供了抗蝙蝠的优势，”威克斯观察到。"我认为它

们被用来引导蝙蝠远离飞蛾的身体。可知，ArchibaldWeeks的重要贡献是他认为月蛾用尾巴迷

惑蝙蝠，尾巴为它提供了对抗蝙蝠的优势。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据最后一段开头

Barberexplainedthatbatswerenotvisualhunters.Theyfoundtheirfoodwithaspecialsound.（巴伯解

释说，蝙蝠不是视觉上的猎手。它们用一种特殊的声音找到食物。）可知，蝙蝠不是视觉上的猎

手。故选A。（3）代词指代题。根据最后一段中Tobeprotectedfrombats,

lunamolhsneededsomethingthatmadeconfusingsounds.Thatwaswhatthelunamoths'tailsdid：

Astheyflew,theywavedbehindthemandproducedsoundsthatweresimilartotheirwing

beats.Tobats,eithersoundedlikeahugepartoftheirtarget,orlikeanentirelydifferenttarget.（为了

免受蝙蝠的伤害，月蛾需要能发出令人迷惑的声音的东西。这就是月蛾的尾巴所做的：当它们飞

行时，它们在身后摆动，并发出类似于翅膀拍动的声音.对蝙蝠来说，它们要么听起来像目标的

很大一部分，要么像一个完全不同的目标。）可知，划线部分的单词they指代的是前文提到的

lunamothso故选C。（4）标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了科学家们对一种叫作月娥的

生物的尾巴的研究，解释了月娥的尾巴在对抗蝙蝠时的作用。C选项

WhyDoLunaMothsHaveSuchTroublesomeLongTails?（为什么月蛾有这么麻烦的长尾巴？）适

合作本文标题。故选C。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们对一种叫作月娥的生物的尾巴

的研究，解释了月娥的尾巴在对抗蝙蝠时的作用。做这类题材的阅读理解时要求考生对文章先通

读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分析，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

16〜20.【答案】E、F、A、D、G

【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文

Maybeyouarefearfulofmissingyourholidaysduetolongwaitsfornewpassports.（也许你担心由于

长时间等待新护照而错过假期。）可知“提起“加快办理护照”这个话题，因此founderofNextVacay,

hasissuedfourtipstospeedupthepassportprocess（Naveen是NextVacay的创始人，他提出了四条

建议来加快办理护照的速度），符合语境，故选E。（2）联系下文题。根据下文

includingpopulartravelspotssuchasEgypt,Thailand,andDubai.（包括埃及、泰国和迪拜等热门

旅游景点。）可知此处说明的是和目的地相关的情况，因此

F.Youalsoneedtheminimumofthreeorsixmonthstogainentryintomanydestinations（你还需要至

少三到六个月的时间才能进入许多目的地），与下文一致，故选F。（3）段落主题题。根据下文

Fdrecommendthoroughlycheckingyourapplicationbeforeyousenditoff.（我建议你在发送之前彻底

检查你的申请。）可知本段讲述了确保信息无误的问题，因此A.Ensureyourdetailsarecorrect（确

保你的详细信息正确无误），概括了本段大意，故选A。（4）根据上文

Whenitcomestothemethodofhowyouapply,

digitalapplicationsgenerallytakeashortamountoftimeaspartsoftheapplicationarelesslikelytoget

lost,plustheonlineprocesswillbemoreefficient.（当涉及如何申请的方法时，数字申请表通常需

要较短的时间，因为申请表的某些部分不太可能丢失，而且线上过程将更有效。）可知此处说明

线上申请更有效，因此D.Keepthisinmindifyoudon'twanttoendupbeingstuckinthewaitingline

（如果你不想被困在等待的队伍中，请记住这一点），符合语境，其中this指代的是上文的

plustheonlineprocesswillbemoreefficient,故选D。（5）联系下文题。根据下文Alternatively,

looktobookanappointmenttooneofthevariouspassportcentersacrossthecountrythatwayyoucans

peeduptheprocessinpersonandhavesomeoneonhandshouldtherebeanyerrors.（或者,也可以预

约全国各地的一个护照中心，这样你就可以亲自加快办理过程，如果有任何错误，也可以找个人

帮忙。）可知此处说明的是加快办理过程的方法，因此，ifyouaretravelingforanemergency,

youmaybeabletoacceleratetheprocess（然而，如果你是因紧急情况旅行，你或许可以加快这个过

程），与下文呼应，故选G。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了4个如何加快办理护照的技巧。关

于选句填空的做题步骤：步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么

位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。步骤二：快

速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨

大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五：区分相似项。