（讲练测）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronmy the science of the stars（测）（含解析）新人教版必修3-新人教版高三必修3英语试题

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元检测卷（时间50分钟；满分100分）班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________I语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）【山东省潍坊中学2017届高三上学期开学考试】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AsIwastakingawalkwithmymom,Iaskedher,“Haveyoutakentheseniorbusyet?”IheldmybreathasIwaitedforher1.“Oh,yes.Ihave,”shesaid.“Howwasit?”Isaidthewordsas2asIcouldtoshowmyexcitement,eventhoughIsensedtheanswerwasnotgoingtobe3.Shesighedheavily,“Nooneever4onthatbus.Theyallsittherequietlyandlooksad.Ionlyseeaboutthirteen5oldladiesandmen.”My6forhersituationgraspedmystomach.Mydadhadrecentlypassedaway,andhissuddenleavemademymother7andfrightened.Forfifty-sevenyears,mydadhadwalkedbyherside.Momneverlearnedto8,soDaddrovehereverywhere.Now,herwheelsweregone,asonegrandchildsoproperly9hersituation.Iknewsheneededgreat10tomakethedecisiontotaketheseniorbus.However,Ifirmlybelievedthe11wouldn’tlasttoolong,forMomwassooutgoingandactivethatshecouldchatwithalmosteverybodywhomshemetinthestreet.Severaldayslater,whenIcametovisither,Iasked,“Dotheytalktoyounow?”She12andtherewasasparkle(火花)inhereyes.Itdidn’ttakeageniustofigureoutthatthe13hadchanged.“Itwassillythatallofusjustsatthere14sayingaword.SoonemorningwhenI15,Igreetedthemandthenremarkedthatwhatanicedayitwas.Soon,theybeganto16andwechattedhappily.Nowwearefriendsandalwayshavesomegood17onthebus,”shereplied.Mymotherheldthekeytothe18oftheotherlonelypeopleonthatbus.Asmileandsome19wordswereallittook.Shesowedtinyseedsof20forherselfandherfriendsonthebus.1.A.order B.instruction C.answer D.request2.A.fluently B.cheerfully C.patiently D.quietly3.A.typical B.reasonable C.similar D.positive4.A.talks B.eats C.drinks D.sleeps5.A.conservative B.depressed C.surprised D.cautious6.A.anger B.excitement C.sympathy D.forgiveness7.A.stubborn B.selfish C.acute D.lonely8.A.drive B.cook C.dance D.paint9.A.planned B.described C.copied D.handled10.A.support B.expectation C.patience D.courage11.A.silence B.friendship C.argument D.impression12.A.complained B.smiled C.sobbed D.appeared13.A.situation B.hardship C.decision D.topic14.A.for B.by C.without D.after15.A.passedby B.goton C.stoodup D.setout16.A.apologize B.escape C.bother D.respond17.A.conversations B.suggestions C.examples D.analysis18.A.fortune B.hearts C.remarks D.relationship19.A.sensitive B.responsible C.friendly D.official20.A.honesty B.happiness C.imagination D.Freedom2.B考查副词。A.fluently流利的，B.cheerfully高兴地，C.patiently有耐心的，D.quietly悄悄地；根据后文表现他的激动所以此处应该是高兴地。故选B。3.D考查句意理解。句意：即使我感觉到答案是不积极的。故选D。4.A考查动词。根据后文的Theyallsittherequietlyandlooksad.可知他们在公交车上不开口说话。故选A。5.B考查形容词。根据上文可知他们是很沮丧的。故选B。6.C考查名词。A.anger愤怒，B.excitement兴奋，C.sympathy同情，D.forgiveness原谅；句意：我对她所处的情况的同情引起了我的好奇心。故选C。7.D考查形容词。根据前文的内容可知，爸爸离开让妈妈很孤单、难过。故选D。8.A考查句意理解。根据后文的soDaddrovehereverywhere.可知妈妈不会开车。故选A。9.B考查动词。A.planned计划，B.described描述，C.copied复制，D.handled处理；此处指的是作者正确的描述了她的情况。故选B。10.D考查句意理解。句意：我知道她需要很大的勇气来决定乘公交车。根据前文也可知；故选D。11.A考查句意理解。根据后文的forMomwassooutgoingandactivethatshecouldchatwithalmosteverybodywhomshemetinthestreet.可知，此处应该是安静不会持续太久。故选A。12.B考查句意理解。根据后文可知她的眼里很高兴可知此处应该是她微笑了。故选B。13.A考查名词。根据前文可知此处她改善了她的处境。故选A。14.C考查介词。句意：我们大家都坐在那里，一句话也没有说，这是很愚蠢的。故选C。15.B考查固定词组。A.passedby路过，B.goton上车，C.stoodup站起来，D.setout出发；此处指的是她上了车，故选B。16.D考查动词。A.apologize道歉，B.escape逃跑，C.bother打扰，D.respond回应，反应；句意：很快，他们开始作出回应，我们愉快地聊天。故选D。17.A考查句意理解。句意：现在我们是朋友，总是在公共汽车上有一些很好的对话。故选A。考点：考查故事类文章阅读第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)【湖北省襄阳市第四中学2017届高三八月第一周周考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。David:Mr.Smith,sorrytodisturbyou,butIreallyhavesomethingimportant1.________(discuss)withyou.Ithinkwecanhaverobotsmakecoughmedicineforus. Mr.Smith:Robots?Areyouplaying2.________jokeonme?Whyareyoutalkingaboutrobotswithme?Don’tforgetthefact3.________weareonlyasmallcompany. David:Youseewemaketendifferentkindsofcoughmedicine.Buteachoperationonlyhasfoursteps. Mr.Smith:Howmanyrobotswillweneed4.________allthen? David:Four.Thefirstrobotwillmeasureandmixthematerials5.________(use)formakingthemedicine.Thesecondrobotwillpourthemedicineintothebottles.Thenthethirdrobotwillputonthelabels.Thelastrobotwillpackthebottlesintoboxes. Mr.Smith:Andwhatwillhappenwhenoneoftherobotsbreaksdown? David:Arepairman6.________(send)herebytherobotcompanywithinanhour. Mr.Smith:Ijustcan’timagineit.Whatwillwehavehere?Aquietbuildingwithrobotsrollingarounddoingthework? David:That’sit.Andtheserobotsaregreatworkers.Theywillwork24hoursadaywithoutfeelingtiredbutsurelytoyour7.________(satisfy).Whateveryousayis8.________(obey)perfectly.Ithinkeverybossdesires9.________(have)theserobots. Mr.Smith:Iam10.________(total)infavourofyouridea. 4.in.考查介词短语。inall“总共，合计”，此处指我们总共需要多少机器人，故填in.5.used.考查过去分词。此处是过去分词做定语修饰Thefirstrobot，指被用于制药的机器人。故填used.6.willbesent.考查时态语态。根据时间状语withinanhour用将来时，主语Arepairman和动词是被动关系，此处要用将来时的被动，故填willbesent.7.satisfaction.考查名词。此处由your修饰用名词，指你的满意。故填satisfaction.8.tobeobeyed.考查不定式。此处是不定式做表语，指机器人完全服从你的指令用被动形式，故用不定式的被动tobeobeyed.9.tohave.考查动词形式。desiretodo渴望做某事，此处指每个老板都渴望拥有这种机器人。故填tohave.10.totally.考查副词。此处修饰介词短语infavourof“赞成”要用副词，故填totally.考点：考查工作生活类对话阅读。II阅读(共两节，满分30分)第一节阅读理解(共1小题；每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A【湖北省襄阳市第四中学2017届高三八月第一周周考】TristandaCunha,a38–square–mileisland,isthefarthestinhabitedislandintheworld,accordingtotheGuinnessBookofRecords.Itis1,510milessouthwestofitsnearest,St.Helena,andI,950mileswestofAfrica.DiscoveredbythePortugueseadmiral(上将)ofthesamenamein1506,andsettledin1810,theislandbelongstoGreatBritainandhasapopulationofafewhundred. Cominginaclosesecond–andoftenwronglymentionedasthemostdistantland–isEasterIsland,whichlies1,260mileseastofitsnearestneighbor,PitcairnIsland,and2,300mileswestofSouthAmerica. Themountainous64–square–mileislandwassettledaroundthe5thcentury，supposedlybypeoplewhowerelostatsea.Theyhadnoconnectionwiththeoutsideworldformorethanathousandyears,givingthemplentyoftimetobuildmorethan1,000hugestonefigures,calledmoai,forwhichtheislandismostfamous. OnEasterSunday,1722,however,settlersfromHollandmovedinandgavetheislanditsname.Today,2,000peopleliveontheChileanterritory(智利领土).Theyshareonestreet,asmallairport,andafewhoursoftelevisionperday. 1.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthattheislandofTristandaCunha________. A.wasnamedafteritsdiscoverer B.gotitsnamefromHollandsettlers C.wasnamedbytheBritishgovernment D.gotitsnamefromtheGuinnessBookofRecords 2.Whichofthefollowingismostfamousformoai? A.TristandaCuha.B.PitcairnIsland.C.EasterIsland.D.St.Helena. 3.WhichcountrydoesEasterIslandbelongto? A.Britain.B.Holland.C.Portugal.D.Chile.【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了TristandaCunha群岛的一些地理情况及名字的由来及隶属情况。考点：考查地理历史类短文阅读。B【山东省潍坊中学2017届高三上学期开学考试】Walthadastrongcommercialsenseofwhatwouldappealtothepublic.Disneyland,WaltDisneyWorld,andfinallytheotherDisneythemeparksaroundtheworldallcameaboutbecauseWaltDisneyinsistedthathecouldbuildanamusementparkthatwassomuchbiggerandbetterthanotheramusementparksthatitshouldn’tevenbecalledanamusementpark.In1940hedisclosedaplantoshowDisneycharactersintheirfantasysurroundingsataparkacrossthestreetfromtheDisneystudioinBurbank.TheideaofanamusementparkgrewinWalt’smindashetraveledthroughtheUSandEuropeandvisitedattractionsofallkinds.WaltwassurethatanamusementparkwouldbesuccessfulintheUnitedStatesifitoffereda“goodshow”thatfamiliescouldenjoytogether,wasclean,andhadfriendlyemployees.In1948hesharedhisconceptwithtrustedfriends,amodestamusementparkwithacentralvillageincludingatownhall,asmallpark,railroadstationmovietheater,andsmallstores.Outlyingareaswouldincludeacarnival(联欢)areaandawesternvillage.Soonheaddedspaceshipandsubmarinerides,asteamboat,andexhibithalls.Fouryearslater,hedecidedon“Disneyland”forthenameandformedacompanytodevelopthepark,Disneyland,Inc.In1953hegotStanfordResearchInstitutetoexaminetheeconomicfutureofDisneylandandtofindtheperfectlocation.TheybrokegroundinJuly,1954,andoneyearlater,Disneylandopened.Within7weeks,amillionvisitorshadvisitedDisneyland,makingitoneofthebiggesttouristattractionsintheUS.Waltcombinedhistalentandhissenseofwhatthepublicwouldwantwithlotsofhardwork.In1960,withamixtureofhugesuccessesandfailures,DisneyhadcreatedsomethingthatwassuccessfulbeyondWalt’sowndreams.4.WhatdidWaltDisneywanttoshowinhisplan?A.Hiscommercialsense. B.Disneystudio.C.Disneycharacters. D.Fantasysurroundings.5.WhatwouldasuccessfulamusementparkbelikeinWalt’sopinion?A.Itsservicewasfree.B.Itcouldshowfantasticprograms.C.Itincludedattractionsofallkinds.D.Itcouldmakefamiliessatisfied.6.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderaboutDisneyland?a.Itopened.b.Theperfectlocationwasfound.c.Theybrokeground.d.Itprovedtobeagreatsuccess.e.Itsnamewasdecided.f.Waltshareditsoutlinewithhisfriends.f,e,b,c,a,d B.e,b,c,a,d,f C.f,e,c,b,a,d D.a,e,b,c,f,d5.D细节理解题。根据第三段的WaltwassurethatanamusementparkwouldbesuccessfulintheUnitedStatesifitoffereda“goodshow”thatfamiliescouldenjoytogether,wasclean,andhadfriendlyemployees.可知，Walt认为成功的乐园就是让家人得到满足。故选D。6.A细节理解题。根据文章的内容介绍可知，故选A。考点：考查故事类阅读C【黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2017届高三上学期开学考试】Whenyougotothedoctor,youliketocomeawaywithaprescription．Itmakesyoufeelbettertoknowyouwillgetsomemedicine．Butthedoctorknowsthatmedicineisnotalwaysneeded．Sometimesallasickpersonneedsissomereassurancethatallwillbewell．Insuchcasesthedoctormayprescribeaplacebo．Aplaceboisasugarpill，aharmlessshot，orailemptycapsule．Eventhoughtheyhavenomedicineinthem,thesethingsseemtomakepeoplewell．Thepatientthinksitismedicineandbeginstogetbetter．Howdoesthishappen?Thestudyoftheplaceboopensupnewknowledgeaboutthewaythehumanbodycanhealitself．Itisasiftherewasadoctorineachofus．Thedoctorwillhealthebodyforusifweletit．Butitisnotyetknownjusthowtheplaceboworkstohealthebody．Somepeoplesayitworksbecausethehumanmindfoolsitself．Thesepeoplesaythatifthemindisfooledintothinkingitgotmedicine，thenitwillactasifitdid，andthebodywillfeelbetter．Placebosdonotalwayswork．Thesuccessofthistreatmentseemstorestalotwiththerelationshipbetweenthepatientandthedoctor．Ifthepatienthasalotoftrustinthedoctorandifthedoctorreallywantstohelpthepatient，thentheplaceboismorelikelytowork．Soinaway,thedoctoristhemostpowerfulplaceboofall．Aplacebocanalsohavebadeffects．Ifpatientsexpectabadreactiontomedicine，thentheywillalsoshowabadreactiontotheplacebo．Thiswouldseemtoshowthatalotofhowyoureacttomedicineisinyourmindratherthaninyourbody．Somedoctorsstillthinkthatiftheplacebocanhavebadeffectsitshouldneverbeused．Theythinkthereisstillnotenoughknownaboutit．Thestrangepoweroftheplacebodoesseemtosuggestthatthehumanmindisstrongerthanwethinkitis．Therearepeoplewhosayyoucanhealyourbodybyusingyourmind．Andtheinterestingthingisthatevenpeoplewhoswearthisisnotpossiblehavebeenhealedbyaplacebo．7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5referto?A.Theplacebo. B.Thebadeffect.C.Thebody. D.Themedicine.8.Whatdoweknowaboutplaceboaccordingtothepassage?A.Itcontainssomesortofmedicine.B.Itwon’tfunctionifyouarenegativeaboutmedicine.C.Peoplewhodon’tbelieveplacebocan’tbehealedbyit.D.Patientsanddoctorsknowclearlyhowithelpstohealthebody.9.Whyisthedoctorsometimesthemostpowerfulplacebo?A.Thepatientneedshelpbadly．B.Thepatientbelievesinthedoctor．C.Thedoctorknowsbetteraboutyourbody．D.Thedoctorhascarefullystudiedmedicine．10.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Placebo：WorkonYourMind B.Placebo：TheMostPowerfulMedicineC.Placebo：TheBestDoctor D.Placebo：HealYourBody8.B推理判断题。根据文章第二段的Aplaceboisasugarpill，aharmlessshot，orailemptycapsule．可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。9.B细节理解题。根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出安慰剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。故选B。10.A主旨大意题。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。考点：考查科普类阅读【名师点睛】科普类的阅读理解一般为介绍科学知识、社会知识的文章。阅读这类短文时，要以文章事实为中心进行思考。答题技巧：1.加强整体意识，把握文章的主要内容。给重要的句子和关键词做上记号，特别是各段中心句，可以更快捷的答题。比如第29题：推理判断题。根据文章第二段的Aplaceboisasugarpill，aharmlessshot，orailemptycapsule．可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。故选B。2.审清题干，弄清楚问题的要点，从文章对应处寻找答案。要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Headline)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Background)，主体(Mainbody)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。比如第31题：主旨大意题。本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。这被叫做安慰剂。通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。故选A。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）【湖北省沙市中学2017届高三上学期第二次考试】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。UrbanizationUntilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.1InBritainwasonlythebeginning.2Theprocessofurbanization—themigrationofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.In1990,fewerthan5%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.3Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.4Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite(精英)andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.5Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocieties.E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.【答案】1.E2.D3.B4.A5．F【解析】试题分析：文章的主题是城市化，讲述了城市化由过去城市规模小，农民人口多，到后来现代化之后，城市规模大，农民人口少的现象，体现了产量的增加，社会的变迁。1.E根据前一句“Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago”可知，此处讲的是以前城市的情况，即第一座城市仅仅是5500年才出现的，甚至200年前，也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中。其他几个选项没有关于以前城市的描述。故选择E2.D根据前一句的“Britainwasonlythebeginning”可知，英国只是个开始，关键词beginning,因此后面出现的是soon,句意为，英国只是个开始，很快，其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会。3.B根据前一句的“Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms”目前，超过82%的美国人住在城市，只有2%的人住在农场，在讲完了82%和2%之后，还有剩下的人呢，住在哪里呢？因此可以推断出，下一句讲述的是therest即，其余的人住在什么地方。因此，选择B，意为，其余的人住在城镇里。【名师点拨】定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及