XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版

28三月2024XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版ContentsWWWanditsextensionsXMLandProtocolWebServiceArchitectureEBSWElectronicBusinessArchitectureRosettaNetXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版2WWWandItsExtensionWWWHTML,HTTPMainlyman-machineinteractionElectronicBusiness(EB)CommonBusinessProcessesStandardmessagesinXMLAP-2-APinteractionMeta-model:ebXMLSemanticWebServicesRDFOntology:OWLWebServicesautomationDiscovery,invocation,composition,monitoringXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版3InformationPoolWWWHTTP(HyperTextTransportProtocol)HTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)URL(UniformResourceLocator)WebserverApplicationClientHTTPURLHTMLDocumentHuman-to-machineinteractionSearchengineXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版4InformationPoolInteractionsUsingXMLXML(eXtensibleMarkupLanguage)SOAP(SimpleObjectAccessProtocol)SOAPserverApplicationHTTPXMLDocumentMachine-to-machineinteractionServiceautomationSOAPserverApplicationInformationPoolXMLDocumentXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版5WebServicesArchitecture

AServiceOrientedArchitectureXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版6AnInroductiontoXMLXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版7文件的結構、內容、及格式文件的結構是指文件組成成分組合的方式如一篇文章的章節段落請購單的欄位資料腳踏車組合手冊的簡介、組合程序、零件表、故障排除、索引等文件的內容是指文件內實際的資料如腳踏車組合手冊的文字、圖表等文件的格式是指將文件組成成分以一種視覺效果呈現給讀者如黑體字、斜體字、內縮、段落加寬、表格等文件結構和文件格式容易混淆XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版8PRODUCTADVISORYNumber:146Type:PartsDate:8/15/95Subject:RevisedReplacementParts...Model501UserReplaceablePartsThepartslistidentifiedintheAnyCorpModel501...NewPartsList1.345-234(Filter,coolingfan)2.148-745(Fuse,power:1.5amp)3...ProductAdvisoryNumber:146Type:PartsDate:8/15/95Revised:Subject:RevisedReplacement...Model501User-ReplaceablePartsThepartslistidentifiedinthe...NewPartsList1.345-234(Filter,coolingfan)2.148-745(Fuse,power:1.5amp)3....文件的結構、內容、及格式XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版9文件的結構、內容、及格式MSWord著重文件格式之處理以格式功能將文件結構以視覺效果呈現給讀者人讀的懂，但電腦不易得知文件的內容HTML文件係將格式以標記形式安插在文件中，加上Internet功能利用瀏覽器以視覺效果呈現給讀者，方便在網路上航行其呈現效果與Word文件類似XML是一種標記語言。XML文件中的標記是用來表示文件中的結構資訊XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版10XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版11XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版12HTML與XML的比較HTMLSGML在Internet上的應用一種資料呈現的技術不具擴充性的標記XMLSGML的精簡版+Internet功能表現文件內容與結構可依所需自訂標記(meta-language)XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版13為什麼使用XMLXML可以表現文件內豐富的結構資訊，有利於網路上的應用HTML受制於固定的標記，無法表達各式各樣的結構SGML可以表達各式各樣的結構，但太複雜，製作成本高，不實用XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版14XML小歷史1996年在西雅圖的集會中，SGML專家探討如何結合SGML與webSunMicrosystems的JonBosak領導朝兩個方向討論以HTML作為資訊格式的不足之處SGML作為web應用標準的缺失“SGMLonweb”activity,07/1996開始調適SGML成為合適於web10/02/1998XML1.0誕生XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版15XML的目標便於在Internet上使用支援各種應用與SGML相容易於寫程式處理XML文件降低選擇性的特徵(features)人讀的懂XML的設計要迅速XML的設計要清楚和正規(formal)XML文件製作容易簡潔性並非重要考慮因素XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版16XML應用ElectroniccommerceElectronicdatainterchange(EDI)Fine-graincontentpublishingInternetsearchenginesDistributedapplicationdesignetc.XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版17XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版18XMLFundamentalsSource:/xml/slides/sd2001east/fundamentals/XML_Fundamentals.htmlXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版19WhatisXML?ExtensibleMarkupLanguageAsyntaxfordocumentsAMeta-MarkupLanguageAStructuralandSemanticlanguage,notaformattinglanguageNotjustforWebpagesXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版20ExtensibleMarkupLanguageLanguageIthasagrammarIthasavocabulary(sortof)ItcanbeparsedbymachinesMarkupLanguageItsayswhatthingsare;notwhattheydoItisnotaprogramminglanguageItisnotcompiledExtensibleYoucanaddwordstothelanguageXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版21XMLisaMetaMarkupLanguageNotlikeHTML,troff,LaTeXMakeupthetagsyouneedasyouneedthemThetagsyoucreatecanbedocumentedinaDocumentTypeDefinition(DTD)Ametasyntaxfordomain-specificmarkuplanguageslikeMusicML,MathML,andXHTMLXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版22XMLApplicationsAspecificmarkuplanguagethatusestheXMLmeta-syntaxiscalledanXMLapplicationDifferentXMLapplicationshavetheirownmoreconstrictedsyntaxesandvocabularieswithinthebroaderXMLsyntaxFurthersyntaxcanbelayeredontopofthis;e.g.datatypingthroughschemasXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版23XMLdescribesstructureandsemantics,notformattingXMLdocumentsformatreeDocumentObjectModel(DOM)ElementandattributenamesreflectthekindoftheelementDTD,SchemaFormattingcanbeaddedwithastylesheetCascadingStyleSheets(CSS)ExtensibleStylesheetlanguage(XSL)XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版24XMLHypertextAUniformResourceIdentifier(URI)namesorlocatesaresourceAnXLinkdefinesconnectionsbetweentwoormoredocumentsidentifiedbyURIsXPathidentifiesparticularnodeswithinadocumentAnXPointeraddsanXPathtoaURIXBasedefinestheURIagainstwhichrelativeURIsareresolvedXIncludeembedsadocumentidentifiedbyaURIinsideanXMLdocument.XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版25ASongDescriptioninHTML<dt>HotCop<dd>byJacquesMorali,HenriBelolo,andVictorWillis<ul><li>Producer:JacquesMorali<li>Publisher:PolyGramRecords<li>Length:6:20<li>Written:1978<li>Artist:VillagePeople</ul>XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版26ASongDescriptioninXML<SONG><TITLE>HotCop</TITLE><COMPOSER>JacquesMorali</COMPOSER><COMPOSER>HenriBelolo</COMPOSER><COMPOSER>VictorWillis</COMPOSER><PRODUCER>JacquesMorali</PRODUCER><PUBLISHER>PolyGramRecords</PUBLISHER><LENGTH>6:20</LENGTH><YEAR>1978</YEAR><ARTIST>VillagePeople</ARTIST></SONG>XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版27StyleSheetsProvideFormatting

(CSS)SONG{display:block;font-family:NewYork,TimesNewRoman,serif}TITLE{display:block;font-size:24pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Helvetica,sans}COMPOSER{display:block}PRODUCER{display:block}YEAR{display:block}PUBLISHER{display:block}LENGTH{display:block}ARTIST{display:block;font-style:italic}XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版28AttachingStyleSheetstoDocuments<?xml-stylesheettype="text/css"href="song.css"?><SONG><TITLE>HotCop</TITLE><COMPOSER>JacquesMorali</COMPOSER><COMPOSER>HenriBelolo</COMPOSER><COMPOSER>VictorWillis</COMPOSER><PRODUCER>JacquesMorali</PRODUCER><PUBLISHER>PolyGramRecords</PUBLISHER><LENGTH>6:20</LENGTH><YEAR>1978</YEAR><ARTIST>VillagePeople</ARTIST></SONG>XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版29AnXSLTStylesheet(Part1)<xsl:stylesheetversion="1.0"xmlns:xsl="/1999/XSL/Transform"><xsl:templatematch="/"><html><head><title>Song</title></head><body><xsl:apply-templatesselect="SONG"/></body></html></xsl:template>

XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版30AnXSLTStylesheet(Part2)<xsl:templatematch="SONG"><h1><xsl:value-ofselect="TITLE"/>bythe<xsl:value-ofselect="ARTIST"/></h1><ul><li>Length:<xsl:value-ofselect="LENGTH"/></li><li>Producer:<xsl:value-ofselect="PRODUCER"/></li><li>Publisher:<xsl:value-ofselect="PUBLISHER"/></li><li>Year:<xsl:value-ofselect="YEAR"/></li><xsl:apply-templatesselect="COMPOSER"/></ul></xsl:template><xsl:templatematch="COMPOSER"><li>Composer:<xsl:value-ofselect="."/></li></xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版31TransformingtheDocument<html><head><metahttp-equiv="Content-Type"content="text/html;charset=utf-8"><title>Song</title></head><body><h1>HotCopbytheVillagePeople</h1><ul><li>Length:6:20</li><li>Producer:JacquesMorali</li><li>Publisher:PolyGramRecords</li><li>Year:1978</li><li>Composer:JacquesMorali</li><li>Composer:HenriBelolo</li><li>Composer:VictorWillis</li></ul></body></html>XSLTProcessor(IE5)XSLdocument(templaterules)XMLdocumentOutputXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版32ADTDforSongs<!ELEMENTSONG(TITLE,COMPOSER+,PRODUCER*,PUBLISHER*,LENGTH?,YEAR?,ARTIST+)><!ELEMENTTITLE(#PCDATA)><!ELEMENTCOMPOSER(#PCDATA)><!ELEMENTPRODUCER(#PCDATA)><!ELEMENTPUBLISHER(#PCDATA)><!ELEMENTLENGTH(#PCDATA)><!--Thisshouldbeafourdigityearlike"1999",notatwo-digityearlike"99"--><!ELEMENTYEAR(#PCDATA)><!ELEMENTARTIST(#PCDATA)>XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版33Well-formednessRules:OpenandclosealltagsEmptytagsendwith/>ThereisauniquerootelementElementsmaynotoverlapAttributevaluesarequoted<and&areonlyusedtostarttagsandentitiesOnlythefivepredefinedentityreferencesareusedPlusmore...XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版34ValidityTobevalidanXMLdocumentmustbeWell-formedMusthaveaDocumentTypeDefinition(DTD)MustcomplywiththeconstraintsspecifiedintheDTDXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版35XMLNamespacesXMLnamespacesareakintonamespaces,packages,andmodulesinprogramminglanguagesDisambiguationoftagandattributenamesfromdifferentXMLapplications(“spaces”)throughdifferentprefixesAprefixisseparatedfromthelocalnamebya“:”,obtainingprefix:nametagsNamespacesconstitutealayerontopofXML1.0,sinceprefix:nameisagainavalidtagnameandnamespacebindingsareignoredbysometoolsXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版36NamespaceBindingsPrefixesareboundtonamespaceURIsbyattachinganxmlns:prefixattributetotheprefixedelementoroneofitsancestors,prefix:name1,...,

prefix:namenThevalueofthexmlns:prefixattributeisaURI,whichmayor(unlikeforDTDs!)maynotpointtoadescriptionofthenamespace’ssyntaxAnelementcanusebindingsformultiplename-spacesviaattributesxmlns:prefix1,...,

xmlns:prefixmXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版37Two-NamespaceExample:Snail-MailandTelecomsAddressParts<mail:addressxmlns:mail="http://www.deutschepost.de/"xmlns:tele="http://www.telekom.de/">

<mail:name>XaverM.Linde</mail:name>

<mail:street>Wikingerufer7</mail:street>

<mail:town>10555Berlin</mail:town><mail:bill>12.50</mail:bill>

<tele:phone>030/1234567</tele:phone><tele:phone>030/1234568</tele:phone><tele:fax>030/1234569</tele:fax><tele:bill>76.20</tele:bill></mail:address>billdisambiguationthroughmailandteleprefixes

XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版38XMLProtocol:SOAPXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版39<?xmlversion=“1.0”encoding=“UTF-8”?><SOAP:Encelopexmlns:SOAP=/soap/envelopexmlns=“/order”xmlns:xsi=/2001/XMLSchema-instance”><SOAP:Header><msg:MessageHeaderxmlns:msg=“/message”><msh:From>SterlingVommerce</msg:From><msg:To>SmallCo</msg:To><msg:Service>Purchase</msg:Service><msg:Action>Order</msg:Action><msg:MessageId>bbc006751</msg:MessageId></msg:MessageHeader></SOAP:Header><SOAP:Body><PurchaseOrderSOAP:encodingStyle=/soap/encoding/”><PartnerID><Name>SmallCoEnterprise</Name><IDtype=“D-U-N-S+4”>123456789-0456</ID></PartnerID><Contact>JohnAdams</Contact><Telephone>214-340-1234</Telephone><Order>…</Order><ShipInfo>…</ShipInfo></PurchaseOrder></SOAP:Body></SOAP:Envelope>ASOAPMessageXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版40ElectronicBusinessMessageservicesBusinessprocessesCompanyACompanyBMessageservicesBusinessprocessesERPERPXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版41SemanticWeb"TheSemanticWebisanextensionofthecurrentwebinwhichinformationisgivenwell-definedmeaning,betterenablingcomputersandpeopletoworkincooperation."--TimBerners-Lee,JamesHendler,OraLassila,TheSemanticWeb,ScientificAmerican,May2001

"IfHTMLandtheWebmadealltheonlinedocumentslooklikeonehugebook,RDF,schema,andinferencelanguageswillmakeallthedataintheworldlooklikeonehugedatabase."

--TimBerners-Lee,WeavingtheWeb,1999

XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版42SemanticWebFromaWebofDocuments......towardaWebofdataandprogramsthatis:MeaningfulonEverythingforEveryone...andInteroperable,Safe,EvolvableXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版43TheBigPictureofSWXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版44TheMetadataLayeroftheSemanticWebXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版45ElectronicBusinessArchitecturesXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版46前言電子商務的發展從提供型錄式資訊服務的電子商店(B2C)，演進到企業間(B2B)商業處理自動化。企業間商業標準架構應運而生，RosettaNet、ebXML。MessageservicesBusinessprocessesCompanyACompanyBMessageservicesBusinessprocessesERPERPXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版47不用網際網路的商業情節郵遞系統CompanyACompanyB傳真電話CompanyACompanyBXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版48以瀏覽器為基礎的企業間電子商務WebserverCompanyAERPCompanyB顧客端XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版49程式對程式交談的企業間電子商務MessageServicesBusinessprocessesCompanyACompanyBMessageServicesBusinessprocessesERPERPXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版50企業間電子商務概念圖XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版51B2BEC演進EDIBusinessprocessanddocumentintegrationXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版52B2BEC標準架構商業處理層標準商業流程及商業文件訊息服務層提供安全、可靠的溝通管道，以實現上層的商業交談商業處理層訊息服務層B2BEC標準架構各種標準水平整合:ebXML產業垂直整合:RosettaNet(資訊技術、電子零組件、及半導體製造業)XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版53TheebXMLFrameworkatWorkXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版54PhasesintheUseoftheebXMLFrameworkTheimplementationphaseXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版55PhasesintheUseoftheebXMLFrameworkThediscoveryphaseXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版56PhasesintheUseoftheebXMLFrameworkTheruntimephaseXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版57ComponentsoftheebXMLFrameworkDefininghowpublicbusiness-processmustbedescribedusingtheebXMLBPSSstandard.DefiningthesemanticsofbusinessdocumentsthatareexchangedinpublicprocessesusingebXML’sCoreComponent(ebCC)standard.DefinitionofservicesandtheconstraintsinusingtheservicesusingCollaborationProtocolProfile(CPP)definedintheebXMLCPPAstandard.Descriptionofthemutualagreementbetweenthebusinesspartners–CollaborationProtocolAgreement(CPA)–tocarryoutthepublicbusinessprocess.TheschemaforaCPAisalsodefinedbyebXMLCPPAstandard.Protocolsforregistering,storing,andretrievingpublicbusinessprocessesandassociatedbusinessdocuments,andCPPsusingtheebXMLRegistrystandard.Astandardwaytosendandreceivemessagesbetweenbusinesspartners,asdefinedintheebXMLMessagespecification.XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版58RosettaNetXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版59BackgroundRosettaNetAnon-profitconsortiumMorethan500membersFoundedinFebruary1998,includingComputerandConsumerElectronics(CCE),ElectronicComponents(EC),SemiconductorManufacturing(SM)Telecommunications(TC)industriestheLogistics(LG)andSolutionProvider(SP)communitiesOpene-businessstandardsandservicesBreakinglanguagebarriersandestablishingagloballanguagefore-businessCompaniescanrealizethefullpotentialofthedigitaleconomy,highlyeffectivetradingnetworks,operationalefficienciesandnewbusinessopportunitiesXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版60RosettaNet的技術概念TradingPartner備妥內容放入信封送出交易夥伴(A公司)TradingPartner收文解開信封處理內容交易夥伴(B公司)XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版61RosettaNet標準內容為何RosettaNet標準是集合高科技公司的專業知識，共創而成的非獨占性的電子商務方案，其內容包括商業訊息及程序規範RosettaNetPartnerInterfaceProcesses™(PIPs™)商業及技術字典RosettaNetBusinessDictionary、RosettaNetTechnicalDictionary下層技術服務架構RosettaNetImplementationFramework(RNIF)以上標準規範可由取得XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版62技術構件─PIP整合式的商業程序，其中規範了商業文件的結構及格式參與商業活動的交易夥伴的活動、決策、及角色扮演XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版63技術構件─PIP分類方式是依照高階商業功能(cluster)及次功能(segment)而訂Cluster3:OrderManagementSegmentA:QuoteandOrderEntrySegmentC:ReturnsandFinanceSegmentB:TransportationandDistributionPIP3A1-ProvideQuote

PIP3A2-QueryPriceandAvailability

PIP3A3-TransferShoppingCart

PIP3A4-ManagePurchaseOrder

PIP3A5-QueryOrderStatus

PIP3A6-DistributeOrderStatusXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版64PIPClassification

ClustersCluster0:RosettaNetSupportCluster1:PartnerProductandServiceReviewCluster2:ProductInformationCluster3:OrderManagementCluster4:InventoryManagementCluster5:MarketingInformationManagementCluster6:ServiceandSupportCluster7:ManufacturingXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版65PIP2A2QueryProductInformation

BusinessProcessModelXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版66PIP3A4RequestPurchaseOrder

BusinessProcessModelXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版67技術構件─PIPPIP規範是可供下載的.zip檔放在rosettanet網站，內容包括規格書(.doc)+勘誤表XMLDTD說明商業文件的結構內容訊息使用說明編碼、定義、訊息出現次數XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版68技術構件─PIP規範是遵循Open-EDIReferenceModel(ISO/IEC14662)的概念制定而成，包括商業運作觀點(BusinessOperationalView,BOV)以商業角度看待商業交易功能服務觀點(FunctionalServiceView,FSV)以技術角度看待商業交易製作架構觀點(ImplementationFrameworkView,IFV)RosettaNet下層技術服務製作的架構XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版69PIPBOVXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版70Table3-3:BusinessActivityPerformanceControlsActivityNameAcknowledgmentofReceiptTimetoAcknowledgeAcceptanceTimetoPerformRetryCountIsAuthorizationRequired?Non-RepudiationofOriginandContent?Non-RepudiationRequired?TimetoAcknowledgeBuyerCreatePurchaseOrderY2hr24hr24hr3YYBuyerCancelPurchaseOrderY2hr24hr24hr3YYBuyerRevisePurchaseOrderY2hr24hr24hr3YYRoleNamePIPTM3A4在BOV下的程序控制XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版71

:Buyer

1.request(:PurchaseOrderRequestAction)1.1.signal(:ReceiptAcknowledgement)2.response(:PurchaseOrderAcceptanceAction)2.1.signal(:ReceiptAcknowledgement)

:SellerPurchaseOrderRequestDialogPIPTM3A4FSV下的商業交易對話XML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版72PurchaseOrderRequestDialogTable5‑1:BusinessMessageandCommunicationsSpecification#BusinessMessageGuidelineDigitalSignatureRequired?SSLRequired?1.PurchaseOrderRequestGuidelineYY1.1ReceiptAcknowledgementGuidelineYY2.PurchaseOrderAcceptanceGuidelineYY2.1ReceiptAcknowledgementGuidelineYYPIPTM3A4IFVXML技术在企业间商业电子化的探讨英文版73PIPTM3A4XMLDTD<!ENTITY%common-attributes"idCDATA#IMPLIED"><!ELEMENTPip3A4PurchaseOrderAcceptance(PurchaseOrder,fromRole,