英语语法-动词ing形式

EnglishGrammar-VerbingForm目录BasicConceptsandClassificationofVerbingFormsThecomponentsandfunctionsoftheverbforminginsensesTheTenseandVoiceChangeRulesofVerbingForm目录ComparisonbetweentheverbformingandothernonfineverbsSkillsforusingtheverbinforminvarioussubborderclausesCommonerrorsintheverbformandtheircorrectionmethods01BasicConceptsandClassificationofVerbingFormsVerbingform,alsoknownasthepresentparticleor-ingform,isanon-financialverbforminEnglishgrammarItisformedbyaddingthesuffix"-ing"tothebaseformofaverbTheverbingformhasseveralfunctionsinasense,includingactingasthesubject,object,completion,orobjectiveofasenseItcanalsobeusedtoformcontinuoustensionsandpartialphrasesDefinitionandFunctionRegularverbingformsMostverbsinEnglishformtheir-ingformregularlybyadding"-ing"tothebaseform.Forexample,"walk"behaviors"walking,"and"talk"behaviors"talking."IrregularverbingformsSomeverbsinEnglishhaveirregular-ingformsthatdonotfollowthestandardpatternTheseverbsrequirememorizationForinstance,"be"benefits"being,"and"lie"benefits"lying."Verbsthatdonotuse-ingformAfewVerbsinEnglishdonotusethe-ingformatallTheseverbsaretypicallymodalverbs(suchas"can,""may,""must")orauxiliaryverbs(suchas"have,""be")ClassificationofverbingformsRegularverbingforms:walking,talking,reading,writing,playingIrregularverbingforms:being,lying,dyning,going,doingVerbsthatdonotuse-ingform:can,may,must,have,beNote:TheaboveinformationprovidesabasicoverviewofverbformsinEnglishgrammarHowever,itisimportanttoconsultacomprehensivegrammarreferenceforamoredetailedunderstandingofthistopicExamplesofcommonverbingforms02ThecomponentsandfunctionsoftheverbforminginsensesTheverbingformcanfunctionasthesubjectofasense,typicallywhenitreportsageneralactionorstateratethanaspecificeventForexample,"Runningisgoodforyourhealth."AssubjectTheverbformingcanalsoserveasthepredicate,ormainverbofasenseThisoccurswhenitislinkedtothesubjectandexpressesthemainactionorstateofbeingForinstance,in"Sheisalwayshelpingothers,""helping"istheverbformingactingasthepredicateAspredicateAssubjectandpredictAsobjectTheverbformingcanfunctionasthedirectobjectofasense,receivingtheactionoftheverbForexample,in"Ienjoyreadingbooks,""reading"istheverbformservingasthedirectobjectAscompletionItcanalsoactasacompletion,completingthemeaningofthesubjectorobjectIn"Thebookiswordreading,""reading"istheverbformactingasacompletiontothesubject"book."AsattributeTheverbingformcanfunctionasanattribute,modifyinganounForinstance,in"awalkingstick,""walking"istheverbformingusedasanobjectivetodescribethenoun"stick."Asanobject,completion,andattributeAsadvisoryTheverbingformcanbeusedasanadvisory,providingadditionalinformationaboutthemainverbForexample,in"Shelefttheroom,cryingloud,""cryingloud"isanadvisoryphrasewiththeverbform"crying"modifying"left."要点一要点二AsindependentcomponentsVerbingformscanalsostandaloneasindependentcomponentsinasense,suchasinpartialphrasesorgerundphrasesForinstance,in"Afterfinishingherhome,shewenttobed,""finishingherhome"isapartialphrasewiththeverbforming"finishing"actingasanindependentcomponentAsadvisoryandindependentcomponents03TheTenseandVoiceChangeRulesofVerbingFormPresenttense01add"-ing"tothebaseformoftheverb,e.g.,"walk"benefits"walking.""Pasttense02forregularverbs,add"-ed"tothebaseform,e.g.,"walk"benefits"walked."Forirregularverbs,learnthepasttenseformsindividually,e.g.,"go"benefits"wet."Futuretense03use"will"or"begoingto"followedbythebaseformoftheverb,e.g.,"Iwillwalk"or"Iamgoingtowalk."TensechangerulesThesubjectofthepresenceperformstheactionoftheverbForexample,"Thecatischattingthemouse."ActivevoiceThesubjectofthepresencereceivestheactionoftheverbForexample,"Themouseisbeingchasedbythecat."Toformthepassivevoiceinthepresenttense,use"is/am/arebeing"+pastparticleoftheverbInthepasttense,use"was/werebeing"+pastparticlePassivevoiceRulesofvoicechangeCombinetenseandvoicechangestoformcomplexsensesForexample,"Yesterday,Isawthecatbeingchasedbythedog."Here,"Yesterday"indicatespasttense,and"Isaw"isinanactivevoice"Thecatbeingchainedbythedog"isinpassivevoiceandpasttenseUseverbingformstocreatecontinuoustensionsForexample,"Iamwalkingtothestore"indicatesanactionthatishappeningnowandwillcontinueforsometimeSimilarly,"TheyweresingingwhenIarrived"indicatesanactionthatwashappeningataspecificpointinthepastComprehensiveapplicationoftensionandvoice04ComparisonbetweentheverbformingandothernonfineverbsInfinities,alsoknownas"todefinitions,"areverbformsthatfunctionasnouns,objections,oradvertisementsandareanticipatedbytheword"to."Forexample,"torun,""tosing,""towrite."Theverbform,ontheotherhand,isaverbformendingin"-ing"thatfunctionsasanoun,objective,orpartofaprogressiveverbphraseForinstance,"running,""singing,""writing."Bothinfinitiesandverbingformscanfunctionasnouns,butinfinitiesaremorecommonasthesubjectofasense,whileverbingformsaremorecommonastheobjectofaverborpositionComparisonwithinfinitiesPastparticlesareverbformstypicallyendingin"-ed"or"-en"thatareusedinperfecttense,passivevoice,andasobjectionsForexample,"walked,""talked,""written."Unlikepastparticles,whichindicatecompletedactions,verbformssuggestongingactionsoractionsthatoccuroveraperiodoftimePastparticlescanbeusedasobjectionstodescribenouns,whileverbformscanalsofunctionasobjectionsbutaremorecommonlyusedasnounsorpartofaverbphraseComparisonwithpastparticlesPastparticlesareprimarilyusedinperfecttensionstoindicatecompletedactionsorinpassivevoiceconstructionsTheycanalsofunctionasobjectivestomodifynounsInfinitiesareoftenusedtoexpressgeneraltruths,possibilities,orpurposesTheycanalsobeusedassubjectsorcompletioninsensesVerbingformsarecommonlyusedtodescribeactionsthatarehappeningnoworthatoccurredinthepastbutarestillrelevantinthepresentationTheycanfunctionassubjects,objects,orcompletionandareoftenfoundinprogressivetenseorpartialphrasesDistinguishingtheusagescenariosofvariousnonfineverbs05Skillsforusingtheverbinforminvarioussubborderclauses03Afterpositions"Sheisgoodatplayingthepiano."01Asasubjectcompletion"ThebookIamreadingisveryinteresting."02Asanobjectcompletion"Ifoundhissittinginthecorner."UsinginrelevantclausesAsasubject:"Seeingisbelieving.""Havingfinishedhiswork,hewenthome.""Workinghard,youwillsucceed."Usinginadvisoryclauses"WhatIamsayingistrue."Asasubject"Idon'tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout."Asanobject"Thequestioniswhichweshouldaccepttheoffer."AsacompletionApplyinginnominalclauses06CommonerrorsintheverbformandtheircorrectionmethodsTheyaregoingtotheparkandIamalsoCorrectTheyaregoingtotheparkandIamgoingtooCorrectTheverb"am"shouldbefollowedbythe-ingformoftheverb"go"tomaintainconsistencywiththesubject"I"ExplanationSubjectverbinconsistencyerror010203CorrectYesterday,IwaswalkingtothestorewhenIsawhimCorrectYesterday,IwaswalkingtothestorewhenIsawhiswalkingtooExplanationInthiscase,bothactions"walkingtothestore"and"sawhim"happenedsimultaneouslyinthepast,sothe-ingformshouldbeusedforbothverbstoindicateco