英语选修8教师用书Module1SectionⅢGrammar

SectionⅢGrammar——主语和动词语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟主语①AntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.②TheycalleditAnti­Arktikos,orAntarctica.③98%ofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap.④Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.⑤Swimmingisagoodexercise.⑥Whetherhewilleisdoubtful.1.①～⑥句中的黑体部分在句中均作主语。2.由④⑤⑥句可知，不定式、动名词、从句作主语时谓语动词通常要用单数形式。动词⑦Ihopetoseeyousoon.⑧Hecameinandsatdown.⑨Thestudentwentpalewhenhesawtheteacher.⑩Icaneasilytellmyfather'sstep.⑪Wehadn'twalkedfarwhenwelostourway.3.由⑦～⑪可知，黑体部分均为动词，⑦⑧句中的黑体部分可直接作谓语，而⑨⑩⑪句中黑体部分不能单独作谓语。考点一主语主语是一句话的中心。主语通常由名词、the＋形容词、代词、数词或者相当于名词的不定式、动名词或从句充当。词类例句名词Thenewsisexciting.the＋形容词Thedisabledarewellcaredforinourcountry.代词Noneofusbelievedwhathesaid.数词One­thirdoftheworkhasbeenfinished.不定式Todecideistoact.(决定即行动。)动名词Watchingafilmisapleasure；makingoneishardwork.从句Whetherhewilleisunknown.[名师点津]不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语时，习惯用it充当形式主语，把真正的主语置于句末。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是一件遗憾的事。Itisanhonourtobeherewithyou.能与你一起在这儿很荣幸。[即时演练1]画出下面句子中的主语①Ittakesushourstodoourhomeworkeveryday.②Onemustadmirehimforhiswillingness.③“Howdoyoudo？”isagreeting.④Thereisachemicalworksoverthere.⑤Learninghowtoraisethesails，ofcourse，isanimportantpartofasailor'straining.考点二动词动词按照在句中的功能可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。实义动词、系动词等都可在句中作谓语。谓语动词除了在人称和数上与主语保持一致外，还有各种时态和语态的变化。1．动词的分类动词的分类用法实义动词及物动词一般情况下，其后要跟宾语，意思才完整，如teach，do，expect，hear，learn等；pass，buy，offer，hand等跟双宾语；make，find，think，consider等跟复合宾语不及物动词动词之后不能跟宾语，如arrive，e，die，rise，get，happen，exist，talk，work，swim等系动词通常要加上表语，否则意义不完整，如be，bee，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand，seem，appear，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，grow，turn，get，go等情态动词后接动词原形，与其一起构成谓语，本身具有词义，如can/could，will/would，shall/should，may/might，need，dare，must等助动词用来构成各种时态和语态，本身无具体词义，如do，have，be，shall，will，would等2.动词的时态(以动词ask为例)时态种类构成现在过去将来过去将来一般时asksaskaskedshall/will＋askshould/would＋ask进行时am/is/are＋askingwas/were＋askingshall/will＋be＋askingshould/would＋be＋asking完成时have/has＋askedhad＋askedshall/will＋have＋askedshould/would＋have＋asked完成进行时have/has＋been＋askinghad＋been＋asking3.常用时态的被动语态的结构时态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are＋过去分词一般过去时was/were＋过去分词一般将来时will/shall＋be＋过去分词过去将来时would/should＋be＋过去分词或was/weregoingtobe＋过去分词现在进行时am/is/arebeing＋过去分词过去进行时was/werebeing＋过去分词现在完成时has/havebeen＋过去分词过去完成时hadbeen＋过去分词[即时演练2]单句改错①Wemustfoundwaystoprotecttheenvironment.found→find②Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.telling→told③Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.listening后加to④Inmyopinion,cheatinginexamsarewrong.are→is⑤ShehadtaughtusEnglishwhenIattendedtrainingcoursestwoyearsago.去掉hadⅠ.单句语法填空1．Hisfamilyarewatching(watch)TVnow.2．Imet(meet)Lucyonthestreettheotherday.3．Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinourschoolinthepastfiveyears.4．Apositionwasoffered(offer)tohimthen.5．Fivecarshavebeenrepaired(repair)sofar.6．Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrowis(be)oftenacceptable.7．IfyouetovisitChina，youwillexperience(experience)acultureofamazingdepthandvariety.8．Itisnousetellinghimnottoworry.9．Betweenthetwowindowshangs(hang)apicture.10．Wheretohold(hold)themeetinghasn'tbeendecided.Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.chose→choose2．Iknowthegirlwhoinvitedtothepartybytheboylastnight.who后加was3．Atthattime，weoftenspend