命题点5 非谓语动词

第三部分

语法专题精讲练专题一

动词命题点5

非谓语动词

非谓语动词不能单独作谓语，且没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。其基本结构包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词、过去分词）三类。考向1

动词不定式1.动词不定式的用法（1）基本形式：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可省略）（2）否定形式：not

to+动词原形功能用法例句作宾语v.+to

do

sth.

此类动词有decide,

want,

try,

afford,

agree,

choose,

expect,

fail,

hope,

wish,

learn,

manage,

offer,

plan,

prefer,

prepare,

promise,

refuse等I

want

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.功能用法例句作宾补v.+sb./sth.+to

do

sth.

此类动词有ask,

advise,

allow,

encourage,

expect,

force,

invite,

order,

teach,

tell,

warn,

wish,

want/would

like等Our

teacher

advises

us

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.v.+sb./sth.+do

sth.

常见接省略to的动词不定式作宾补的有使役动词let,

make,

have和感官动词see,

watch,

notice，

hear，

feel等，但在变被动句时，要还原to（let除外）My

mother

made

me

clean

my

room

just

now.=I

was

made

to

clean

my

room

by

my

mother

just

now.续表功能用法例句作状语目的状语I

collect

rubbish

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.续表功能用法例句作状语原因状语I

am

happy

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.结果状语I

am

free

enough

to

clean

the

classroom.作主语常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式则被后置It’s

good

for

you

to

take

exercise.不定式位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数To

keep

the

classroom

clean

is

important.续表功能用法例句作表语常位于系动词之后，表示主语的具体内容或目的My

purpose

is

to

keep

the

classroom

clean.作定语置于被修饰词之后，作后置定语。I

have

some

work

to

do.续表常见接动词不定式的动词见《晨读词句篇》P31。2.动词不定式的常用句型（1）too+adj./adv.+to

do

sth.太……而不能做某事（2）adj./adv.+enough

to

do

sth.足够……做某事（3）prefer

to

do

sth.

rather

than

do

sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事（4）It’s+adj.（+for/of

sb.）+to

do

sth.

（对某人来说，）做某事是……的。（5）It’s

time

to

do

sth.该是做某事的时候了。（6）It’s

one’s

turn

to

do

sth.轮到某人做某事了。（7）It

takes/took

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth.某人花费……（多长）时间做某事。（8）find/think/feel/make

it+adj.+to

do

sth.发现/认为/感觉/使做某事是……的（9）have

no

choice

but

to

do

sth.除做某事之外别无选择3.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法

动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可转化为宾语从句。如：（1）When

to

go

to

Beijing

hasn’t

been

decided

yet.

（作主语）（2）I

haven’t

decided

when

to

leave

Beijing.（作宾语）=I

haven’t

decided

when

I

should

leave

Beijing.（“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可转化为语从句。）（3）My

question

is

how

to

go

to

Beijing.（作表语）考向2

动名词1.动名词（v.-ing）的用法用法例句作宾语动词宾语I

like

playing

football

very

much.介词宾语I

have

no

experience

in

teaching

English.作主语Getting

up

early

is

a

good

habit.作表语His

job

is

teaching

Chinese

in

a

school.作定语We

need

a

washing

machine.常见接动名词作宾语的词（组）见《晨读词句篇》P31。2.动名词的常用搭配或句型（1）be

good

at/do

well

in

doing

sth.擅长做某事（2）be

interested

in

doing

sth./have

（an）

interest

in

doing

sth.对做某事感兴趣（3）be/get/become

used

to

doing

sth.习惯于做某事（4）be

busy

doing

sth.忙于做某事（5）be

worth

doing

sth.值得做某事（6）can’t

help

doing

sth.情不自禁做某事（7）feel

like

doing

sth.想要做某事（8）give

up

doing

sth.放弃做某事（9）have

difficulty/problems/trouble

（in）

doing

sth.做某事有困难（10）have

fun

（in）

doing

sth./have

a

good

time

（in）

doing

sth.做某事很开心（11）look

forward

to

doing

sth.期待做某事（12）prefer

doing

sth.

to

doing

sth.喜欢做某事胜过做某事（13）stick

to

doing

sth./hold

on

to

doing

sth.坚持做某事（14）spend+时间/金钱+（in）

doing

sth.花费时间/金钱做某事（15）succeed

in

doing

sth.成功做某事（16）Thank

sb.

for

doing

sth.因某人做了某事而感谢某人。（17）What/How

about

doing

sth.？做某事怎么样？1.

若动名词位于句首作主语，谓语动词用单三形式；并列动名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。2.

有一些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式，但是意思有区别，常见的有：forget

doing

sth.

忘记做过某事（已做）forget

to

do

sth.

忘记去做某事（未做）remember

doing

sth.

记得做过某事（已做）remember

to

do

sth.

记得去做某事（未做）regret

doing

sth.

对做过的事感到后悔（已做）regret

to

do

sth.

对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）mean

doing

sth.

意味着做某事mean

to

do

sth.

打算做某事need

to

do

sth.

（某人）需要做某事need

doing

sth.

（某物）需要被……stop

doing

sth.

停止做某事stop

to

do

sth.

停下来去做另一件事try

doing

sth.

尝试做某事try

to

do

sth.

设法/努力做某事考向3

分词1.分词的用法

分词包括现在分词（v.-ing）和过去分词（v.-ed），其常见用法有：用法例句作补足语现在分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）。I

hear

my

sister

singing.过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即动宾关系）。I

had

my

hair

cut

last

night.用法例句作定语现在分词作定语，所修饰的词是其逻辑主语。Do

you

know

the

boy

playing

football？过去分词作定语，所修饰的词是其逻辑宾语。Please

hand

in

your

written

exercises.续表2.现在分词与过去分词的区别（1）在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：a

moving

film一部感人的电影the

moved

people被感动的人们（2）在时间上，现在分词表示正在发生的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：the

developing

country发展中国家the

developed

country发达国家随堂练一、用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成句子repair

help

attend

see

make1.My

friend

invites

me

to

_______

the

party.

I

can’t

wait

to

go

there.attend2.Our

foreign

teacher

went

back

to

her

country.

We

all

hope

to

____her

again.see3.Judy

enjoys

cooking，

and

she

is

busy

________

her

mom

to

prepare

the

dinner

now.helping4.His

parents

encourage

him

to

______

his

own

decisions.

They

think

he

is

old

enough

to

do

it.make5.My

bike

is

broken.

I’m

going

to

get

it

_________

this

afternoon.repairedexplain

hear

have

join

manage6.To

make

herself

_______

clearly,

Sarah

tried

to

speak

as

loudly

as

possible.heard7.Mr.

George

has

lived

in

China

for

five

years,

and

now

he

is

used

to

________

meals

with

chopsticks.having8.Bonnie

is

new

here,

so

she

decided

to

_____

an

after-school

club

to

make

some

friends.join9.Although

the

problem

was

hard

to

understand，our

teacher

didn’t

give

up

___________

it

again

and

again.explaining10.It

is

necessary

to

learn

to

________

time

and

make

good

use

of

every

minute.manage二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成语篇Passage

1train

finish

send

raisereturn

improve

face

In

recent

years，

with

more

and

more

cars

on

the

road，

flying

robots

are

used

to

1.______

mails．Flying

robots

can

carry

mails

to

people’s

houses

without

2._______

heavy

traffic．

But

they

will

spend

too

much

time

in

3.__________.

A

research

center

is

trying

to

4._________

its

flying

robots

with

the

help

of

homing

pigeons（信鸽）．sendfacingreturningimprove

In

tests，

researchers

found

that

homing

pigeons

5.________

to

fly

home

from

somewhere

else

were

more

efficient（高效的）

than

flying

robots

at

returning

to

their

home.

So

the

research

center

is

trying

to

use

a

flying

robot，

together

with

a

homing

pigeon，

to

send

mails．After

6._________

its

tasks，

the

robot

can

follow

the

pigeon

back

in

the

shortest

possible

time．

Although

it

will

cost

more

money

to

7.______

pigeons，

the

research

center

says

that

it

can

save

time.trainedfinishingraisePassage

2attract

spend

becometeach

train

learn

send

In

Dengfeng

today,

there

are

more

than

50,000

students

learning

kung

fu,

a

traditional

art

in

China.

They

come

to

learn

it

for

many

reasons.

Some

hope

to

8.________

film

stars.

Others

come

to

learn

skills

that

will

help

them

get

good

jobs

in

future.become

Hu

Zhengsheng

9._________

kung

fu

at

a

small

school