2024年北京市门门头沟区2024届高三一模英语试卷（含答案）

第1页/共1页2024北京门头沟高三一模英语2024.3考生须知1.本试卷共12页,共100分,考试时长90分钟。2.请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。3.试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。请使用2B铅笔填涂，用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔作答。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IwaspreparingfordinnerwithmyhusbandwhenourdaughterRikkistormedintothesittingroomandmarchedtothesofa.IglancedoutofthewindowandsawourneighborLexiwalkingslowlybacktoherhousewithherheaddown,lookingso1.“Whydidn’tLexistaylonger?”Iaskedher.“Idon'twanttoplaywithher,”Rikkicomplained,“Iwishshewouldstopcomingoverhereallthetime.Herdresslooksterribleandsmellsdisgusting.Everyoneinourclasschoosesto2her.”“That’snother3,Rikki.Maybeshedoesn’thaveanyonetohelpher.”Isaid.“Yousee,baby,”herfatherbegantosay,“Ireallyknowhowshefeltwhenyoushowedyour4toherbecauseIhadthesameexperiencewhenIwasakid.Iwasthepoorkidwithhand-me-downclothes,thekidwhootherslookeddownon.That5nevergoesaway.”Hetoldherhewantedhertobekindand6,notjudgmentalandhurtful.Tearswerestreamingdownherface.Thenwe7Lexitocomeoverandhavedinnerwithus.IrememberedLexicominginallsmiles.WegatheredtogetherandsoonIsawthegirlstalkingand8.Theyhadagreattime.IcouldevenseeasweetglowinRikki'seyes.Rikkibegantothink9fromthatdayon.Lexicameoverafewtimesafterthat.Theybecamegoodfriends.Today,Rikkihasaheartofgold.Sheisalwaysthefirsttowelcomethosewhomothersmight10andisgenerousinhelpingothers.Itrulybelievethatdaymadeamajordifferenceinthepersonshehasbecometoday.1.A.funnyB.upsetC.relaxedD.silly2.A.punishB.inspireC.respectD.ignore3.A.habitB.attitudeC.faultD.quality4.A.coldnessB.selfishnessC.strictnessD.nervousness5.A.dreamB.thoughtC.feelingD.smell6.A.honestB.curiousC.normalD.helpful7.A.assumedB.invitedC.remindedD.warned8.A.laughingB.arguingC.cryingD.shopping9.A.activelyB.creativelyC.professionallyD.differently10.A.worryaboutB.turnawayC.dependonD.communicatewith第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AWhenhewas7yearsold,FrancisKerelefthisfamilytoattendschoolbecausehisvillagedidnothaveoneof11(it)own.Thirteenyearslater,hemovedtoGermany.Hedreamedofreturninghometobuildtheclassroomthatdidn'tthenexist.In2001,Kerecompletedhisfirstschool12(build).Hethen13(creative)transformedhisvillageandothercommunitiesinAfrica.In2022,hewon“NobelPrizeinarchitecture”,thePritzkerPrize.BTodevelopasnackweallknowandlove,companieshavetoworkout14peoplehaveanappetitefor.Today,companiesoftenaskcustomerstochoosetheflavorstheyfancyonapps,15(lbok)outforthelatesttastetrends.Snacktrendsalsochangeovertime.Whensupermarkets16(encourage)toremoveunhealthysnacksfromthecashierdesk,companiesarequicktoprovidehealthiertreats.C17February10,thefirstdayoftheYearoftheDragon,thecrowdinapublicsquareinLondonburstintocheers.SixteendancersperformedtheChaoshanYinggedance,atraditionalChinesefolkdance18(celebrate)ChineseNewYear.IntheChaoshanregionofGuangdongprovince,19thedanceoriginated,peoplebelieveitbringsgoodluckfornewyear.Thisperformance20(attract)millionsoftouristssince2023.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAreyoureadytobecomeaninternationalUNVolunteer?Youcancontributeyourtime,skillsandknowledgethroughvolunteeringwiththeUN.Thisisanopportunitytocreateapositiveimpactandbeasignificantforceforachievingpeaceanddevelopment.Makeadifferencetothelivesofmany!ThefirststeptovolunteerabroadwiththeUNistodeterminewhetheryoumeettheminimumrequirements.Ifthisisthecase,registeryourprofileinourUnifiedVolunteeringPlatform.Then,youmayapplyforassignmentsthatareinhighdemandoreveninhighlyspecializedareas.TheminimumagetoserveasaninternationalUNVolunteeris18yearsold.However,therearespecificrequirementsforvariouscategories:UNYouthVolunteers,includingUniversityVolunteers,mustbeaged18-26,UNVolunteerspecialistsmustbeatleast27yearsold,andUNExpertVolunteersmustbe35yearsofageandabove.Theremayalsoberequirementsofrelevantprofessionalandacademicexperience,aswellaslanguageproficiency(熟练).RefertotheDescriptionofAssignmentfortheUNVolunteerassignmentforthepositionyouareapplyingforbecausedifferentassignmentshavetheirspecificrequirements.AllUNVolunteersmustdisplayacommitmenttothevaluesandprinciplesofvolunteerismandtheactivitiesoftheUnitedNationsandtheUNCharter,andanabilitytoworkinamulticulturalenvironmentandwithlocalpartnersandcommunities.Theyshouldbepreparedtoadjusttodifficultlivingconditionsinsometimesremotelocations.UNVolunteersshouldbeprofessional,withstronginterpersonalandorganizationalskills.21.WhichisarequirementforbeinganinternationalUNVolunteer?A.Havingapositiveimpact.B.Beingyoungerthan18yearsold.C.Havingrelevantworkexperience.D.Beingtalentedinforeignlanguages.22.IfselectedasaUNvolunteer,onewillneedto.A.showhiseducationlevelB.improvelocallivingconditionsC.followtherulesoftheactivitiesD.communicatewithothersefficiently23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Everyassignmenthasitsparticularrequirements.B.Ifyoumeettherequirements,youcanregisterbyemail.C.UNVolunteerswillworkinremotelocationsindependently.D.Asavolunteer,youshouldmakeprinciplesofvolunteerism.B“Yourmotherneedsanewheart,”myfathertoldmewhenIcalledonthatDecemberafternoon.Anunrelentingoptimist,hespokeasifshemerelyneededtohaveapartreplaced.But,althoughmytwosistersandIknewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,thisnewsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningindisbelief.Dr.MarcSemigranofthetransplantteamreviewedmymother’smedicalhistory.She’dhadanirregularandrapidheartbeatformostofherlife.Herpresenttreatment——theuseofaseriesofcardioversions,orelectricjolts,torestoreanormalheartbeat——wouldnotworkinthelong-term.Shehadanenlargedandweakenedheart,aswellasafaultyvalve.“Withmedication,”Dr.Semigransaid,“youhavea60percentchanceoflivingsixmonths.Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You'reatthetopendoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungsandotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplantsurgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.”Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.We’dalreadygonefromshock,overourmother'scondition,toworrythatshewouldn'tbeasuitablerecipient.Despiteoftherisk,wechosetobelievethatshewouldmakeiteventually.WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.OneMondayinMay,atabout8p.m.,mymotherreceivedaphonecallfromthehospitalthataheartwasavailable.Asshewasabouttobewheeledoff,myfathertookherfaceinhishandsandlookedintohereyes.Hislooksaideverythingabouttheir42-yearrelationship.Thehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfulandtheconditionscouldnothavebeenbetter.Theironyofthetransplantprocessisthatonefamily’slossisanother’sgain;thattragedybegetsfortune.Itisakindoflifeafterdeath,ourheartsbeatingbeyondus.Wedevelopedafeelingofloveforthisnewpart,ofgratitudeforthedoctors,fortheprocess,andforthosepeoplewhomadeadecisionjustforhumanity.24.Howdidthesistersfeeltothenewsthattheirmotherneededanewheart?A.Frightened.B.Astonished.C.Worried.D.Annoyed.25.Whichisthefactortoaffectthepossibilityoftheirmother'shearttransplant?A.Herabnormalheartbeat.B.Theageofoversixtyyearsold.CHerwillingnesstothetransplant.D.Theadaptationofthenewheartinthebody.26.Whatmadethetransplantteamdecidetohavetheoperation?A.Thatherlungswerehealthy.B.Thatanewhearthadbeenfound.CThatherfamilywereexpectingtheoperation.D.Thatherfamilytrustedthedoctors'medicallevel.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Familysupportisofgreatimportance.B.Fortunefavorsthosewhoareoptimistic.C.Confidencehelpspatientsovercomedifficulties.D.Gettingpreparedbeforeacceptingatreatmentmatters.CArtificialintelligenceisalmosttwiceasaccurateasabiopsy(活组织检查)atjudgingtheaggressivenessofsomecancers,expertssay.Cancerkills10millionpeoplegloballyeveryyear,accordingtotheWHO.Butforpatientsthediseasecanbepreventedifdetectedinstantlyanddealtwithquickly.ArecentstudysuggestedanAIalgorithm(算法)wasfarbetterthanabiopsyatcorrectlygradingtheaggressivenessofsarcomas(肉瘤),arareformofcancer.ResearchershopeAIwillimproveoutcomesforpatientsbygivingdoctorsamoreaccuratewayofgradingtumours(肿瘤).Becausehigh-gradetumourscanindicateaggressivedisease,thetoolcouldhelpensurethosehigh-riskpatientsareidentifiedmorequicklyandtreatedinstantly.Low-riskpatientscouldalsobesparedunnecessarytreatments,follow-upscansandhospitalvisits.Researcherssaythealgorithmcouldbeappliedtoothertypesofcancerinfuture.Theteamspecificallylookedatretroperitonealsarcomas,whichdevelopatthebackoftheabdomenandaredifficulttodiagnose(诊断)andtreatduetotheirlocation.TheyusedCTscansfrom170patientswiththetwomostcommonformsofretroperitonealsarcoma——leiomyosarcomaandliposarcoma.UsingdatafromthesescanstheycreatedanAIalgorithm,whichwasthentestedon89patientsinothercountries.Ingradinghowaggressivethetumourwas,thetechnologywasaccuratein82%ofthecases,whilebiopsieswere44%.AIcouldalsorecognizeleiomyosarcomaandliposarcomain84%ofsarcomastested,whileradiologistswereabletoidentifythemin65%ofthecases.ChristinaMessiou,thestudyleader,said:“We’reincrediblyexcitedbythepotentialofthisstate-of-the-arttechnology,whichcouldleadtopatientshavingbetteroutcomesthroughfasterdiagnosis.AspatientswithretroperitonealsarcomaareroutinelyscannedwithCT,wehopethistoolwilleventuallybeusedglobally,ensuringthatnotjustspecialistcentrescanreliablyidentifyandgradethedisease.”RichardDavison,chiefexecutiveofSarcomaUK,saidtheresultslooked“verypromising”.Headded:“Peoplearemorelikelytosurvivesarcomaifdiagnosedearly.Oneinsixpeoplewithsarcomacancerwaitmorethanayeartoreceiveanaccuratediagnosis,soanyresearchthathelpspatientsreceivebettertreatmentandsupportiswelcome.”28.Accordingtothepassage,AIiscapableof.A.gradingtheriskofsarcomasB.measuringthescaleofsarcomasC.providingcancertreatmentforcliniciansD.classifyingcancerswithitsadvancedalgorithm29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.MoresarcomascanbedetectedwiththehelpofAI.B.BiopsieswillbereplacedbyAIalgorithminidentifyingcancers.C.MorepatientssufferingfromcancerswillbenefitfromAIalgorithm.D.AIalgorithmhasbeenappliedinhospitalsfordetectingmostcancers.30.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AIhasaprofoundmarketincuringcancers.B.Newtreatmentsforsarcomasarewellunderway.C.AIhelpsidentifyhigh-riskandlow-riskpatients.D.AIdoesbetterinassessingsometypesofsarcomas.DArecentglobalstudy,whichsurveyed10,000youngpeoplefrom10countries,showedthatnearly60percentofthemwereextremelyworriedaboutthefuturestateoftheplanet.Thereport,whichwaspublishedinTheLancet,alsoshowedthatnearlyhalfoftherespondentssaidthatsuchdistressaffectedthemdaily,andthreequartersagreedwiththestatementthat“thefutureisfrightening.”This,alongwithmanyotherstudies,showsclearlythatclimatechangeisnotjustathreattotheenvironmentthatweinhabit.Italsoposesaveryrealthreattoouremotionalwell-being.Psychologistshavecategorizedthesefeelingsofgriefandworryaboutthecurrentclimateemergency,acommonoccurrenceamongyouthtoday,underthelabelof“eco-anxiety”.Eco-anxietydoesn'tjustaffectyoungpeople.Italsoaffectsresearcherswhoworkinclimateandecologicalscience,burdenedbytherealitydepictedbytheirfindings,anditaffectsthemosteconomicallymarginalized(边缘化的)acrosstheglobe,whobearthedamagingimpactsofclimatebreakdown.In2024,eco-anxietywillrisetobecomeoneoftheleadingcausesofmentalhealthproblems.Thereasonsareobvious.Scientistsestimatethattheworldislikelytobreachsafelimitsoftemperatureriseabovepre-industriallevelsforthefirsttimeby2027.Inrecentyears,we'veseenwildfirestearthroughCanadaandGreece,andsummerfloodsruinregionsinPakistanthatarehometonearly33millionpeople.Studieshaveshownthatthoseimpactedbyairpollutionandrisingtemperaturesaremorelikelytoexperiencepsychologicaldistress.Tomakemattersworse,facingclimatecrisis,ourpoliticalclassisnotofferingstrongleadership.TheCOP28conferenceinDubaiwillbeheadedbyanoilandgascompanyexecutive.IntheUK,thegovernmentisbacktrackingonitsgreencommitments.Fortunately,greaterlevelsofeco-anxietywillalsoofferanavenueforresolvingtheclimatecrisisdirectly.AccordingtoCarolineHickman,aresearcheroneco-anxietyfromtheUniversityofBath,anyoneexperiencingeco-anxietyisdisplayingentirelynaturalandrationalreactionstotheclimatecrisis.Thisiswhy,in2024,wewillalsoseemorepeoplearoundtheworldjointhefightforclimatejusticeandseekjobsthatprioritizeenvironmentalsustainability.Campaignerswillputincreasedpressureonfossilfuelindustriesandthegovernmentstorapidlyabandontheusageofpollutingcoal,oil,andgas.It'snowclearthatnotonlyaretheseindustriesthemaincausesfortheclimatecrisis,theyarealsoresponsibleforthementalhealthcrisis,whichisstartingtoaffectmostofus.Eco-anxietyisnotsomethingwewilldefeatwiththerapy,butsomethingwewilltacklebytakingaction.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thecauseofeco-anxietyisemotionsexistinginourmind.B.Peopleindevelopedcountriesaremorelikelytosufferfromeco-anxiety.C.Eco-anxietyisanewkindofpsychologicaldiseaseduetoclimatechange.D.Theauthorisdisappointedaboutgovernmentbehaviourtowardsclimatecrisis.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“breach”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Break.B.Reach.C.Raise.D.Affect.33.AsforCarolineHickman'sopiniononeco-anxiety,theauthoris.A.puzzledB.favourableC.suspiciousD.unconcerned34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhoIstoBlameforEco-anxiety?B.HowShouldYouSeeEco-anxiety?C.HowWillEco-anxietyBeResolved?D.WhyDoPeopleSufferfromEco-anxiety?第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Morethanaquarterhavetoenlargethefontsizeontheirmobilephonesotheycanreaditclearly.35Meanwhile,28%regularlysquint(眯眼看)atthescreen.Andallofthemaresignsofeyedisorder.“Theresearchhasshownoureyesarenotdesignedtobefixedonasingleobjectforalongtime,especiallysmallerlaptopsorsmartdevices.36Evenworse,staringatthescreenconstantlycanleadtodryeyesyndrome,”saysGilesEdmonds,aclinicalservicedirector.Dryeyesyndromeisaconditionwheretheeyesdonotmakeenoughtears,orthetearsevaporatetooquickly.Herearesomesimplesolutionstopreventeyestrainandirritation,andpreserveyoureyehealthoverall.Restyoureyes.Followthe20:20:20rule,lookingupfromyourscreenevery20minutesandlookatsomething20feetawayforatleast20seconds.37Itinturnreduceseyetiredness.Adjustyourworkstation.Changeyourscreensettingstoensurethatthebrightnessandcontrastarebalancedcorrectly,aswellasmakingfontslarger.Also,bemindfulofhowyourworkstationispositioned.Adjustyourscreenensuringitis15-20degreesbeloweyelevelandaround50-70cmawayfromtheeyes.38Reduceglare(眩光).39.Tryreducingthisbyattachingananti-glarescreentoyourmonitororlaptoptoavoidexternallightshiningontothescreen.Glasseswearerscanalsohavelensestreatedwithananti-glarecoating.A.Peopleshouldtrytoreducethetimespentonthescreen.B.Onecanreadhisfavoritepaperbooksinsteadofe-books.C.Halfconfessthey'reforcedtoenlargeimagestoseethemclearly.D.Anotherthingtofocusonistomakesureyourroomisproperlylit.E.Lookingintothedistancehelpsrelaxthefocusingmusclesofyoureyes.F.Reflectionsonyourcomputerscreencancauseglareandleadtoeyefatigue.G.Theymayfeeluncomfortable,painful,tiredandevenstarttoitch(发痒)orburn.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Thefirstpairsofjeansweredesignedforblue-collarworkers.Overthecourseofthe20thcentury,theworking-classpantshavetransformedintofashioniconsandbecomepopulararoundtheworld.However,eachnewpairyoubuyhasamuchhighercostthanyoumightthink.Everypairofjeanstakesabout0.7kilogramsofcotton.Growingthismuchcottonrequiresroughly10,000litersofwater,nottomentionvariousherbicidesandpesticides,whichcanpollutegroundwater.Typically,plasticfibersaremixedwithcottonthreadstoincreasecomfortandflexibility.Inordertodyethecloth,chemicalspraysandseveralcyclesofacid-washingareadopted,dischargingtoxicpollutantsintoriversandeventurnthemintoindigo-blue.Also,therearethezippers,buttons,andrivetsmadeofcopperandothermetals,whoseminingisyetanothersourceofenvironmentaldegradation.Allinall,themanufacturing(制造)processforasinglepairofjeansemitsover33kilogramsofcarbon——theequivalentofdrivingover110kilometers.Likemanygloballyproducedproducts,jeansaremadeinpoorcountriesandboughtinrichones.Muchoftheworld'scottonisgrownindevelopingcountries,withpoorlaborpracticesandfewprotectionsforworkers.Cottonhereisoftenpickedbychildrenorforcedlabor.Andtheirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduringproduction.Becauseofthefast-pacedandroughmanufacturingwithunnaturalmaterials,today,mostpairslastnolongerthanayear.Likemostwaste,discardedjeansendupinlandfills,wheretheirdecompositionreleasesgreenhousegas.Somegovernmentsarepursuingpoliciestomakecompaniesmoreresponsibleforworkerpayandwelfare,butunsustainablepracticesstillruncrazythroughoutthefashionindustry.40.Whomaybethefirstconsumersofjeans?41.Whyareplasticfibersusedwhenpairsofjeansaremade?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Jeansaremadeinpoorcountries,whereworkers’healthiswellprotected.43.Whatsuggestionswouldyougivetoreduceth