高三英语一轮复习阅读拓展训练（四）

阅读拓展训练（四）

1

SurroundingScience

AnewScienceMuseumappexplorescommonobjectsintheworldaroundyou.Ifyou've

playedthemobilegamePokemonGo,you'llknowthatitsmonsterscanbefoundwherever

youwalk.NowthetechnologybehindthatgameisbeingusedforanewappfromtheScience

Museum.

It'scalledWonderlabARandisfreetodownloadfromtheappstoresonAppleand

Androidmobilephones.Theaimistoencouragepeopletogetoutsideandlearnaboutthe

scienceinoureverydayenvironment-fromtrafficlightsandelectriccarchargingpointsto

cashpoints,telephonesandeventoilets.Insteadofcatchingmonsters,inthisgameyou5re

lookingfor“discoveries”(astheappcallsthem)fromdifferentfieldsofscience:including

electricity,forces,light,mathsandsound.Theappusesaugmented-reality(AR)technology

fromacompanycalledNiantic,whichisbestknownasthedeveloperofPokemonGo.

ThafswhyWonderlabARlooksquitealotlikethatgame,showingyouamapofthe

“discoveries“inyourcurrentlocationintherealworld.You'llseethemonthemapbutto

collectthem,youhavetowalktotheirreal-worldlocation.AlthoughtheScienceMuseumis

inLondon,theappworksanywhereinthecountryandtherearelotsofthingstodiscover

nearyou.

Alongsidetheapp,thereisalsoanewwebsitefromtheScienceMuseumcalled

Wonderlab+(tinyurl.com/TWJ-Wonderlab).Thissiteisforyoungpeopleagedsevento15

yearsoldandisamixtureoffunmathsandsciencehands-onactivities,includingYouTube

videos,onlinequizzes,questionsandgames.

BoththeappandwebsitearebasedontheWonderlabgalleriesthatpeoplecanvisitatthe

ScienceMuseuminLondonandtheNationalScienceandMediaMuseuminBradford,

England.TheappandwebsiteallowpeoplewholiveinotherpartsoftheUKtolearnmore

aboutthescienceofeverydayobjectsandexperiencetheexhibitions.

1-WiththenewappWonderlabAR,youcan.

A-learnaboutsciencearoundyou

B-visitthesciencemuseumonline

C-catchmonsterslikeinPokemonGo

D-locateanysciencemuseumsnearby

2-Fromthepassage,weknowthatWonderlab+.

A-isdesignedforbothchildrenandadults

B-answerspeople'squestionsaboutscience

C-sharesvariousresourcesaboutscience

D-providesachancetoexperimentinthelabs

3-Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto.

A•invitepeopletogotothesciencemuseum

B•attractchildren'sattentiontosciencelearning

C•introduceanewsciencemuseumappandawebsite

D-comparethedifferencesbetweentheappandthewebsite

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2

Don'tputitoff,doitnow!

Whydowespendsomuchtimenotdoingtheworkweshoulddo,orputtingoffsmall

jobsthathavepileduptocreateabigproblem?Procrastinating,asputtingthingsofflikethis

iscalled,isinourcharacterwehavenaturallysincebirth;weavoiddullordifficultjobsuntil

ifstoolatetodoanythingelse.

“Weoftenputthingsoffalthoughweknowitwillmakelifemorestressful,saysDr.

Steel,anauthorityonthescienceofmotivation.t4Ifthesetaskswerefun,we'djustdothem

now.Weputoffwhatisdifficultorunpleasant,suchasthepaperworkthatneedsdoingbefore

leavingtheofficeorcleaningthebitsofyourhomethatpeoplecan'tsee.Butthefactis,the

lesspeopleprocrastinate,themoremoneytheyhave,thebetterrelationshipstheyhave,and

thehealthiertheyare.^^Thisisobviouswhenyoulookatthecoupleswhodon'targueabout

whetheranyonehascleanedthekitchen,andthepeoplewhosimplygoforaruninsteadof

endlesslyreschedulingitintheirheads.

Ofcourse,therearetherestofus,whofeelthesmalljobspilinguparoundusdaily.

"We'veevolvedtorespondtothemoment,andnottosetoursightstoofarinanuncertain

world,"Dr.Steeladds."Wearenotsetuptoappreciatelong-termrewards,whetherit'sthe

benefitofafour-yeardegree,doingexerciseordieting.Weusuallyfeelthecostnowandthe

rewardcomesmuchlater.^^AccordingtoDr.Steel,wehavetwodecision-makingsystems.

Theyarethelimbic,whichisresponsiblefortheshortterm,andtheprefrontalcortex,which

dealswiththefuture.Webouncebetweenlong-termgoalsandshort-termtemptations,sowe

needgoalsthatwilltranslateourplansforthelimbicsystem.

Let'staketheexampleofstudents'writingessays.Theyshouldsetthemselvestargetsand

wordcountsperday.Thesearethusturnedfromseeminglyendlesstasksintosomething

concretewithmeasuredprogress.Dr.Steelrecommendssuchtechniques,or

“pre-commitments”,addingthatleavingyouamonthbeforethe“deadline“makesitmore

likelyataskwillbecompleted.Thebenefitisthatyou'llavoidtheembarrassmentofnot

followinguponsomethingpeopleareexpectingyoutodo-tellingeveryoneyouaregoing

totakeupjoggingmakesyoumorelikelytodoso.

Overcomingprocrastinationfinallycomesdowntoplanning,which,ifyou'renotcarefUL

becomesprocrastinationinitself.Butitisworthmakingsureyouhaveeverythinginplace.

"Successfulpeopledon'tpretendtheydon'tprocrastinate,,,Dr.Steelsays."Peoplewho

pretendtheyhavewillpowerarelesssuccessful.5,Instead,planforprocrastination:makeyour

workenvironmentatempleofproductivitybycuttingoutwhatstopsyoupayingyour

attention,soyoucanreallyfocusonmovingforward.

4-WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutprocrastinationinParagraph1?

A-Itiscausedbythetechnologyinpeople'slife.

B-Itismorecommonwhenpeoplehavesmalljobstodo.

C•Itissomethingmanypeoplecan'tavoid.

D-Itisanexcusepeopleoftenuseinpublic.

5-Inparagraph3,Dr.Steelbelievesthatpeoplewhoprocrastinateshould.

A-beawarethattheirproblemisrelativelysmall

B-findoutmoreaboutthewaytheymakedecisions

C-attempttoovercometheirnaturaltendencies

D•taketheadviceofothersinthesamesituation

6-WhydoesDr.Steelrecommendmaking“pre-commitments“inParagraph4?

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A-Theyareaneffectivewayofimpressingothers.

B-Theyallowpeopletoachievetheiraimssooner.

C•Theyareanalternativetoimpossiblegoals.

D-Theymakechallengesfeelmoremanageable.

7-Theunderlinedsentenceinthefifthparagraphintendsto,

A-Warnthereaderagainstspendingtoolonggettingorganized.

B•Remindthereadertotakethetimetofocusproperlyonatask.

C-Encouragethereadertodevelopplanseffectively.

D-Advisethereadertodealwithcomplextasksquickly.

3

AlarmingreportsthattheAntarcticicesheetisbecoming

smallermisrepresentthefacts.Theicesheetholdsabout26.5

milliongigatons（十亿吨）ofwater.Ifitweretomelt（融

化）completely,sealevelswouldrise190feet.Suchachangeisan

issueforthefarfuture,ifitcomesatall.

MuchmoremodesticelossisnormalinAntarctica.Eachyear,some2,200gigatonsofthe

iceisdischarged（消融）,whilesnowfalladdsalmostthesameamount.Thedifferencebetween

thedischargeandadditioneachyearistheannualloss.Thatfigurehasbeenincreasing,from

40gigatonsayearinthe1980sto250gigatonsayearinthe2010s.Buttheincreaseisjusta

slightchangeinacomplexprocess.Ifitcontinuedatthatrate,thesealevelwouldberaised

by3inchesover100years.

Manyfearthatawarmingglobecouldincreasedischargeandcausemorerapidsea-level

rise.Tworecentstudiesfocusonthisissue.ResearchersinthestudyofThwaitesGlacier（冰

川）一anunusuallybroadandfastAntarcticglacier-inferthatinthepastitbecamesmaller

forhalfayearatmorethantwicethe.fastestrateever.observed.Thecauseofthisspecific

eventremainsunknown,partlybecausethetimeoftherapidmeltinghasn'tyetbeen

determined.Butthemediagoeswiththisangle:"A'doomsday（末日）glacier',thesizeof

Florida,isbreakingfasterthanthought.^^

Researchersconstructedaspecialmodeltoprove

theiridea.Ifoceancurrentscanconnectthedischargesofdistantglaciers,thatwouldaddto

thecomplexityintheAntarcticicesheet.Toemphasizetheiridea,researchersusedhuman

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influencesalmostthreetimeslarger.Eventhoughthatfactisstatedinthepaper,reporters

rarelycatchsuchnuance,andthemediagoeswithheadlinessuchas“amassivetsunami

woulddrownNewYorkCity,killingmillions.Amoreaccurateheadlinewouldread:t4Ocean

currentsconnectingAntarcticglaciersmightquickentheirmelting.^^

Thesetwostudieswereconductedwithclevermethodstoinferpastconditionsand

advancedcomputermodelingtoshowpossiblesituations.These.papers.describethescience

withappropriateprecisionandcaution,butitisashamethatthemediamisrepresentsthe

researchraise.alarm.Thatdeniesthepublictherighttomakeinformeddecisionsabout

“climateaction,“aswellastheopportunitytobeamazedatthescienceitself.

8-WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheannuallossoftheAntarcticicesheet?

A-It'sadanger.

B-Ifslimited.

C-Itchangessignificantly.

D•Itdecreasesyearly.

9-Whatcanwelearnfromthetwostudies?

A-Bothstudiesconstructednewmodels.

B-TheThwaitesGlaciermeltsfasterthanexpected.

C•Thecomplexityoftheoceanspeedsupthedischargeofglaciers.

D-NeitherthereasonnorthetimeoftheThwaitesGlacier'smeltingisknown.

10•Theunderlinedphrase4tcatchsuchnuance,，＞probablymeans

A-denytheobviousfacts

B•payattentiontothedifference

C-evaluatethedetails

D-areseriousaboutthewarning

11-Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?

A-Antarcticglaciersmeltingmakessealevelrisegreatly.

B-Recentstudiesonthemeltingicecallforpeople'saction.

C-ReportsofthemediaonAntarcticglaciersmisleadthepublic.

D-Theresearchesabouttheglaciersmeltingraisepublicawareness.

【重点词汇】

distant

complexity

massive

appropriate

precision

caution

opportunity

【认知词汇】

issue

discharge

current

glacier

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【中译英翻译】

1.他小心翼翼地抓住了绳子，竭力爬出这口井。（rope绳子；well井）

2.参加如英语角这样的活动是可行的，这是扩大朋友圈，提升英语口语水平的好机会。

4

Absenceofevidenceisnotthesamethingasevidenceofabsence.Butifyoutrytofind

thedifferenceandkeepfailingtogetit,youcanbeforgiven.Andsoitiswiththecomplicated

subjectofexplicit（明确的）grammarteachinginschools,anditslinkwithimprovedwriting

ability.

Arecentstudy,likenearlyallpreviousstudiesonthissubject,foundthatteachingkids

howtolabelthebitsandpiecesinasentencedoesnotmakethembetterwriters.Other

observersmaybegintowonderwhethertheNationalCurriculum,whichsince2014hasmade

grammarsuchacentralpartofitsEnglishprogramme,mighthavegonedownablindalley.

Thepromoterofthecurriculum,aformersecretaryofeducation,MichaelGove,insisted

ontheinsertionofpersonalpreferenceintothegrammarcurriculum,notablythesubjunctive

fbrm,“IfIwere”.Mentionofhisnamealonewrinklesmanyteachers'noses—partlybecause

someofthemwerehardlypreparedtoteachthenewmaterialthemselvesafterdecadesin

whichgrammarwaslargelyabsentfromclassrooms.

Inreflection,itseemsunsurprisingthatlearningtounderlineamodalverb,suchas"can",

“should"and"may”,doeslittletohelpstudentsusethemeffectivelyintheirownwriting.

Thesewordsareanywaygraspedbytinychildrenwithouttheneedtoknowwhattheyare

called.Thismayleadtotheconclusionthattheteachingofgrammarshouldbeshelved

.altogether.However,itshouldn'tbeabandoned,thoughitshouldbereformed.

Therearepracticalreasonsforteachingandlearninggrammar.Oneisthatanexplicit

knowledgeofitwillmakelearningaforeignlanguageeasier.Ifyoudidintuit（直觉上知道）

howtomakesubordinateclausesinyourmothertongue,gettingtograsptheminaforeign

languageinlateryearsissimplerifyouknowhowtodefineandspotthem.

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Forgrammarianskeenonthejobsofthefuture,thefieldofnaturallanguageprocessingis

booming.Technologicaltalentshaveinventedprogramsforautomatedtranslation,speech

recognitionandotherservicesthatareactuallyusable,eveniffarfromperfect.Thesetools

mayrelymoreonknowledgeofAIthanofgrammar,butlinguisticexpertise（专门技能）still

matters.

Grammarcouldstillbetaughtbetter.Onesmallstudyshowedimprovementinsome

studentswhenconceptswerelinkedconcretelytowritingtasks.Therefore,thescienceofhow

wordscombinetomakemeaningisfascinatingaswellasfundamental.

12-WhatdomanyteachersthinkofMichaelGove'sidea?

A-Theyareinsupportofhisclaim.

B•Theyshowdisagreementwithhisidea.

C•Theyhavenocommentsonhisphilosophy.

D•Theyarepreparedtoteachthenewmaterials.

13-Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A•Mothertonguegrammarcontributestoforeignlanguagelearning.

B-Grammaristaughtbetterinwritingthaninotherareasofteaching.

C-Naturallanguageprocessingisstronglysupportedbygrammarians.

D-GrammarknowledgeisnolongerneededwiththedevelopmentofAL

14•Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A-Grammar—ToTeachorNottoTeach

B•HowCouldGrammarBeTaughtBetter

C•WhyLearnForeignLanguageGrammar

D-MotherTongueGrammar—ImportantorNot

【重点词汇】

absence

previous

preference

cftnclusiQii

practical

explicit

recognition

fundamental

【认知词汇】

curriculum

insertion

grasp

automated

【中译英翻译】

1.总之，采取一些实际的措施来解决青少年的肥胖问题是必不可少的。

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2.因为同伴的缺席，他只能自己参加这次音乐会。

5

TheBenefitsofMakingFunofYourself

Beingabletolaughatyourselfisn'talwayseasy.However,makinglightofyour

weaknessesandlifechallengescanhaveanumberofbenefits.Whileitmightsound

surprising,beingabletomakefunofyourselfcanbegoodforyourself-esteem（自尊）.15

Making.funofyourself.isa、formofself-criticalhumor,whichcaninvolvebeingtoo

modest,.oreyenlaughingatyourselfhumorously.16However,researchsuggests

theytendtobemoreself-confident.Whenthistypeofhumorisusedtomaintainapositive

attitudeindifficultsituations,itcanhelpenhancewell-beingandself-esteem.

17Makingfunofyourselfmayhelpmakeyoumorelikableandbuildstronger

relationshipswithothers.Interestingly,researchsuggeststhatbothmenandwomenthinkthat

beingabletomakefunofyourselfisanattractivetrait,despitedifferencesintheirwaysof

usinghumor.

Laughterhasbeenshowntohaveanumberofstress-fightingbenefits.18

Whenyouviewsituationsasthreats,stresslevelsincrease.Shifting,toa_mindsetthat,allows

youtoseethesesituationsas.challengescantransformthisintowhatisknownas“goodstress”

thatj^lps„youfeelmoregmpjQwei^d.

Makingfunofyourselfcanhavesomebenefits,butit'simportantnottotakethingstoo

far.Ifmakingfunofyourselfstartsnegativelyimpactingyourmentalhealthorwell-being,

ifstimetotakeastepback.19Ifyouembraceyourweaknessandimperfectionsto

areasonabledegree,youwillfeelhappierandimproveyourrelationshipsandoverall

well-being.

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A-Findabalancethatworksforyou.

B-Laughingatyourselfhelpsacceptyourself.

C•Peoplearemoredrawntootherswhocanlaughatthemselves.

D-Beingabletolaughatyourselfcanrelievestressbychangingyourview.

E•Makingfunofyourselfindifficultsituationscanreduceyourstressgreatly.

F-Peoplewithsuchasenseofhumoraresometimesregardedashavinglowself-esteem.

G-Itmightevenimproveyourrelationshipsandhelpyoufacechallengesmoreeffectively.

【重点词汇】

empower

reasonable

【认知词汇】

embrace

degree

overall

【中译英翻译】

根据学生的水平来分组是合理的，我建议口语流利的同学与不擅长口语的同学一起练口

语，这有利于促进同学之间的相互进步，还能增强同学间的关系。（Huent，promote，

mutual相互的）

Sometimes,youarenotgoodatsomeofyoursubjects.20Youprobablythink

youwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessaryso,however.Anyonecanbecomea

betterstudentifyouwantto.Here'show:

Planyourtimecarefully.Whenyouplanyourwork,youshouldmakealistofthingsthat

youhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist,youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.Firstyour

timeforeatin