01（卡塔尔世界杯、流浪地球2、美对华禁令、人工智能等）-冲刺2023年中考英语时事热点必读（原卷版）

v年中考英语必读时事热点(1)文章导读一、阅读理解：兔年说兔。2023年是中国传统的兔年，兔年是如何来的呢？在中国文化中，兔年有什么特点呢？二、阅读理解2022的回顾。回顾过去的一年，我们中国在过去一年的几个高光时刻。三、阅读理解卡塔尔世界杯上，中国元素到处可见四、阅读理解《流浪地球》在全世界火了，让我们看一看里面的硬核科技离我们还有多远。五、阅读理解美对华禁令损害全球芯片业.六、阅读理解人工智能伦理规范和治理，中国在行动七、诗歌鉴赏：《赤壁》——杜牧八、书面表达经过3年的防疫，新冠病毒变弱了，我们国家开放防疫政策，当下要如何防疫？阅读理解Eachyear.LunarNewYearissymbolisedbyoneof12zodiacanimals.ThisisbasedonastoryabouttheJadeEmperortryingtofindawaytomeasuretime.Hetoldtheanimalstheyweretocompeteinarace.Thefirst12animalstocompletetheracewouldberewardedbyhavingayearnamedafterthem.2023istheYearoftheRabbit.ThelasttimetherewasYearoftheRabbitwasin2011.Thenextonewillnotbeuntil2035.InthestoryoftheJadeEmperor,therabbitwasthefourthanimaltocompletetherace.Therabbitwassoconfidentthathewouldwinthathetookanapallowingthreeotheranimalstoarrivebeforehim.IntraditionalChineseCulture.Rabbitsarequietandagile(敏捷的),whichsuitstraditionalChineseaesthetic(审美的)valuesofbeinggentleandcultivated(有教养的).ThereisaviewinChineseculturethatrabbitsaresmartandgentle.Thisisshownbythephrase“dongrutuotu”,aChineseidiomusedtodescribepeoplewhoareassmartandagileasrabbits.Soitisbelievedthatpeoplewhowerebornintheyearoftherabbitwouldhavethecharacteristicsincludingbeingkind，agile,quietandresponsible.ThereisalsoaLegendaboutaJadeRabbitlivingonthemoonwhichisthepetofChang’e,agoddesswidelyknowninChina.Thiscanexplainwhyrabbitsareregardedasanauspicious(吉祥的)sign.Inaddition,inancientChina,peoplegenerallybelievedthatthemorechildrenyouhave,theluckierandhappieryouwillbe.Thisbeliefmakestherabbitapopularsymbolofgoodluckandfortune,becausetherabbitisnaturallyfullofvitality（活力）andfertility（生育能力）.So,nowit'stherabbit'sturn.MaybetheYearoftheRabbitcanbringyougoodluck!1.Whatyearmaytheyearof2025becalledinChinesezodiacanimalsfromthearticle?A.TheYearoftheTigerB.TheYearoftheRabbitC.TheYearoftheDragonD.TheYearofthesnake2.InJadeEmperor’sstory,whoranthefastest?A.TherabbitB.ThetigerC.TheratD.Thedragon3.WhoofthemmaybebornintheYearoftheRabbit?A.thepersonwhowasbornin2021.B.thepersonwhohascharacteristicsofbeingquick,gentleandresponsible.C.thepersonwholikestherabbitashis/herpet.D.thepersonwhoisbrave,smartandgentle.4.WhydoChinesepeoplethinktherabbitisthesymbolofluckandwealth?A.becausetherabbitisverypopularwithChinesepeople.B.becausemanyChinsespeopleregardtherabbitasanauspicious(吉祥的)sign.C.becausetherabbitreallycanbringthemgoodluckandwealth.D.becausetherabbithastheabilityofvitalityandfertility.二、阅读理解Theyear2022sawmanyhistoricandimportantmomentsinChina.Here,wetakealookbackatsomeofthethingsthathappenedinChinalastyear.●ThePartylaysoutthe

ChinesepathtomodernizationTheyear2022markedamilestone(里程碑)fortheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)andthenation.FromOct16to22,the20thNationalCongressofCPC(中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会)washeldinBeijing.

TheNationalCongressofCPCapproved(通过)thereportpresentedbyXiJinpingonbehalfofthe19thCPCCentralCommittee(中央委员会).ThereportlaidoutthecentraltaskofthePartyforthenextfiveyearsandbeyond:toadvancenationalrejuvenation(复兴)throughaChinesepathtomodernization(现代化).Inatwo-stepdevelopmentplan,theCPCaimstobasicallyrealizesocialist(社会主义的)modernizationby2035.ThenitaimstobuildChinaintoagreatmodernsocialistcountryinallrespects(全面)bythemiddleofthiscenturytorealizetheSecondCentenaryGoal(第二个百年目标).

Anewcentralleadershipwaselected.Xiwaselectedasthegeneralsecretaryofthe20thCPCCentralCommittee.TheNationalCongressofCPCalsopassedaresolutiononanamendment(修改)totheCPCConstitution(章程).

●ShiningOlympichostsIn2022,Beijingbecametheworld’sfirstcitytohostboththeSummerandWinterOlympicGames.The2022WinterOlympicswereheldfromFeb4to20inBeijingandZhangjiakouinHebei,whiletheWinterParalympics(残奥会)wereheldfromMarch4to13.Thishasinspiredawintersportsboom(热潮)inChinathatattracted346millionpeopletowintersports.

Atotalof2,877athletescompetedin109eventsintheWinterOlympics.Chinafinishedthehighest-everthirdontheGames’overallmedalstandings(总奖牌榜)withninegolds,foursilversandtwobronzes.Athletesborninthepost-2000smadegreatcontributions(贡献).SnowboarderSuYiming,18,wononegoldandonesilver,whilefreeskierGuAiling,19,alsotookhometwogoldsandonesilver.Beijing2022wasthefirstinternationalmulti-sport(综合运动)eventtobeheldonscheduleduringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Athleteswerekeptsafewithinaclosedloop(闭环).Manyhigh-techvenuesplayedanimportantroleintheathletes’performances.

InternationalOlympicCommitteePresidentThomasBachcalledtheGames“trulyexceptional(非凡的)”.

●Celebratingthe25thanniversaryofHongKong’sreturnTheyear2022markedthe25thanniversaryofHongKong’sreturntothemotherland.OnJuly1,PresidentXiJinpingattendedameetingcelebratingtheanniversaryinHongKong.

Overthepast25years,thesuccessof“onecountry,twosystems”haswonrecognitionthroughouttheworld.Chinawilladhereto(坚持)itinthelongrun,Xisaid.Sinceitsreturn,HongKong’seconomyhasflourished(繁荣),andthecityhasgainedastable(稳定的)positionasaninternationalfinancial,shippingandtradecenter.Withthehelpofthecentralgovernment,ithaswithstood(抵御)anumberofchallengesaswell,includingthefinancialcrisis(金融危机)andtheCOVID-19epidemic.MajornationalpoliciessuchastheBeltandRoadInitiativehavebeenintroducedtoHongKong.ThenextfiveyearswillbeimportantforHongKongtolaunchanewtake-off.Thesixth-termHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegiongovernmenthaslaunchedblueprintsandmeasurestomakeHongKongmorecompetitive.1.Howmanymajoreventsoccurred(发生)inChinadoesthearticlementionin2022?A.oneB.TwoC.ThreeD.four2.WhatistheSecondCentenaryGoalproposedbythe20thNationalCongressofCPCA.toadvancenationalrejuvenation.B.tobasicallyrealizesocialistmodernization.C.todeepeneducationandmedicalreform.D.tobuildChinaintoagreatmodernsocialistcountryinallrespects.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.BeijingbecamethefirstcitytohostboththeSummerandWinterOlympicGamesintheWorld.D.In2022BeijingGames,lotsofhightechnologiesareusedinthevenuesC.HongkongreturnedtoChinain2000.D.“Onecountry,twosystems”hasbeensuccessfulinHongkonginthepast25years.三、阅读理解TheFIFAWorldCup2022hasbeguninQatar.Itisthebiggestandalsothemosteye-catchingsportingeventintheworld.Butthisyear’seventlooksquitedifferentfortwomainreasons.First,it’sthefirsttimeinhistorythattheeventishappeninginwinter,fromNov.20toDec.18.ThisisbecauseQatarisadesertcountryandinsummerthetemperaturecanbeashighas42℃.Soit’stoohottoplayoutdoorsports.Butit’sstillwarminwinter.Thetemperatureinthestadiums(体育场)canbearound20℃to30℃,whichisjustrightfortheevent.AnotherreasonisthatChineseelements(元素),frombrandsupporttoconstruction(建筑),canbefoundbothonandoffthefield.Theideaof“MadeinChina”isalsocatchingtheworld’sattention.ChinaRailwayConstructionCorporationdesignedandbuilttheLusailStadium.With80,000seats,it’sthelargestoftheeightstadiumsfortheWorldCup.Besidesthestadium,companiesfromGuangdongandZhejianghaveprovidedmorethan10,000container(集装箱)houses.ThepowerconstructioncorporationofChinaofGuizhoualsobuilttheAl-Qasar800-megawattphotovoltaicplant(800兆瓦光伏发电厂),whichprovidesgreenelectricityfortheWorldCup.VehiclesmadeinChinaprovideshuttle(摆渡车)servicetostadiumsoftheWorldCup.Thereare888newenergyvehiclesfromChinesecompanyYutong,accountingfor25percentofthetotalvehiclesforthegame.Apartfrombigcompanies,manufacturersfromYiwu,China’ssmallcommodityhub,areseeingtheirgrowinginfluence.Nearly70percentoftheWorldCup’ssouvenirsaremadeinYiwu.“TheWorldCupsponsorshipbyalargenumberofChinesecompaniesisademonstration(体现)ofChina’seconomicpowerandmakestheglobefeelthepowerofChinesebrands,”SongXiangqing,vice-presidentoftheCommerceEconomyAssociationofChinasaid.1．WhatmakestheFIFAWorldCupdifferentthisyear?A.Ittakesplaceinsummer.B．It’sthebiggestandmosteye-catchingeventintheworld.C.ManyChineseelementscanbefoundintheevent.D.Qataristherichestcountryintheworld2.WhatthingscanyoufindinQatarduringthecupthataremadebyChina?a.souvenirsb.shuttlesc.containerhousesd.LusailStadiume.officialballs

A.ace

B.abcd

C.cde

D.bcde3.WhatisthecommonfeatureofthephotovoltaicplantandshuttleserviceprovidedbyChina?A.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.B.TheyarefreeforQatar.C.TheyaremadebymanufacturersfromYiwu.D.TheyareonlybuiltforChineseusers.4.TheChineseelementsintheWorldCupshowthat_____.A.ChinaistheleaderintheworldeconomyB.ChinahasstrongeconomicpowerC.ChinesebrandsarefamousfortheirgoodqualityD.Chinaistherichestcountryintheworld四阅读理解TravelingbetweenEarthandspaceinanelevator(电梯),movingEarthawayfromthesunwithhugeengines...Ifyouhavewatchedthesci-fiblockbuster(大片)TheWanderingEarthII,youmusthavebeenwowedbytheseamazingtechnologies.Howfararetheseimaginativeideasfromreality?Couldwereallyachievethesethingssomeday?Let’stakealook.●EarthenginesInthemovie,thesunisbecomingbiggerandwill“eat”Earth.PeopleplantobuildtensofthousandsofenginesonEarthinordertopushitawayfromthesun.Theenergywillcomefromanuclearfusionreaction(核聚变反应).Wouldthisbepossible?WangTengattheChineseAcademyofSciencestoldXinhuathatintheory(理论上),nuclearfusionispowerfulenoughtomoveEarth.AccordingtoWang,controllablenuclearfusionisoneofthekeyproblemsscientistsallovertheworldareworkingon.Inthereaction,twoatoms(原子)joinintoaheavierone,whichcreatesagreatamountofenergy.It’sthesameenergythatpowersthesunandotherstars.

InDecember2022,USscientistsmadeabigbreakthrough(突破).Forthefirsttimeinhistory,theymadeanuclearfusionreactionthatproducedmoreenergythanitcost.Althoughtheenergygain(获得)wasnotmuch–onlyenoughforboilingabout9.5litersofwater,scientistsarepositivetheycouldusethisreactiontoproducecleanenergyinthefuture.●SpaceelevatorsThespaceelevatorsinthemovielookreallycool.TheytravelfastbetweencablesthatconnectEarthandthespacestation.AccordingtoWangYuanzhuofromtheChineseAcademyofSciences,thisideafirstcamefromRussianscientistKonstantinTsiolkovskyin1895afterseeingtheEiffelTowerinParis.ThebasicideaforspaceelevatorsistoconnectoneendofthecabletoEarthandtheotherendtoaspacestationthatfliesatthesamespeedEarthrotates(旋转).Butthechallenge,asexpertstoldXinhua,istofindtherightmaterialforthecables.Acarbonnanotube(碳纳米管)mightwork.Ashorttubeof1.6gramscanholdmorethan800tons,whichisabout160elephants.Sinceitsdiscoveryin1991,scientistshavebeentryingtocreateatubethatisaslongaspossible.Butthelongesttubewasonlyabouthalfameter,developedbyateamatTsinghuaUniversityin2013.Ifwecanbringthedesignintoreality,spaceelevatorscansavelotsofenergyandmoneycomparedwithrockets.Itwillalsomakeourtriptospacealoteasier.

1.Theunderlinedword“wowed”canbereplacedby_____.A.scared

B.impressedC.promoted

D.praised2.AccordingtoWangTeng,_____.A.movingEarthwithenginesisimpossibleintheory

B.nuclearfusionisstilluncontrollablesofarC.thenumberofenginesneededtomoveEarthisunpredictableD.movingthesunandotherstarsispossibleintheory

3.Whatwasthebigbreakthroughinnuclearfusionreactioninlate2022?A.Itproducedmoreenergythanitcost.B.Itproduced9.5litersofwater.C.Itprovedthesafetyofanuclearfusionreaction.D.Itproducedthecleanestenergyallovertheworld.

4.Whicharenecessaryforbuildingaspaceelevator?a.Thespaceelevatorshouldbemadeofcarbonnanotube.

b.ThecablethatconnectsEarthandthespacestationislongenough.c.ThespacestationfliesatthesamespeedEarthrotates.d.ThecablethatconnectsEarthandthespacestationisstrongenough.A.abc

B.abd

C.acd

D.bcd5.Whatcanweinferfromthetechnologiesinthemovie?A.Hightechnologieshavedarksidesaswell.B.Environmentalproblemsshouldbenoticed.C.Sci-fiworksarenotallaboutimagination.D.Theycannotbeachievedevenintheory.五阅读理解Overthelastfewyears,theUShasputanumberofsanctions(制裁)onChinaandtriedtolimititstechdevelopment,especiallyinthesemiconductorindustry.BroughtoutonAug9,2022,byUSPresidentJoeBiden,theUS’sChipsandScienceActoffers$52.7billion(about367billionyuan)forUSsemiconductorproductionandresearch.That’sabigboostforUScompanies.Butitcomesatabigcost.CompanieswillbesupportedtodevelopchipsintheUS,butwillnotbeallowedtoworkwithChinaforthenext10years.ChinahasstronglyopposedthenewUSactandcalledit“unfair”.Thegovernmentsaidthatusingpolitical(政治的)powertointervene(干预)inasector(领域)thatishighlyglobalizedwillharmtheinterestsofcompaniesglobally,includingthoseintheUS.AccordingtotheBostonConsultingGroup,UScompaniescouldlose18percentagepointsofglobalshareand37percentoftheirrevenues(收入)overthesameperiodiftheUScompletelybans(禁止)semiconductorcompaniesfromsellingtoChinesecustomers.OnAug10,2022,ForeignMinistry(外交部)spokesmanWangWenbinsaidatanewsconference,thattheActisanexampleofeconomiccoercion(经济胁迫)bytheUS.Restrictions(限制)andsuppression(打压)willnotstopthepaceofChina’stechnologicalandindustrialdevelopment,hesaid.

Infact,despitetheUSbansonHuaweiin2019,thecompanybecamethelargestmanufacturer(制造商)intheglobalsmartphonemarket,surpassing(超过)bothSamsungandApplein2020.Italsoincreaseditsownchipresearchanddevelopment.HiSilicon,Huawei’ssemiconductorarm,becamethefirstChinesemainlandcompanytoentertheTop10globalchiprankings(排名),accordingtoa2020report.“ChipcompaniesthatareforcedtochoosesideswilllosetheChinesemarketiftheygetthefunds(资金),”saidFengWeijiang,secretary-generaloftheNationalInstituteforGlobalStrategyattheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.“But,infact,nocompanywouldliketogiveupChina’shugesemiconductormarket,”headded.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword

“boost”inParagraph2?A.helpB.dropC.costD.result2.WhatistheChinesegovernment’sopinion

towardthesanctions?A.Neithercountrywillbenefitfromthe

sanctions.B.ThesanctionswillbringtheUSsuccess.C.Chinaishappytoseethesanctions.D.TheUSwillforeverlosetheChinese

market.3.Inresponsetothesanctions,China_____.A.putthesamesanctionsontheUSB.decreaseditsneedforchipsC.increaseditsownchipresearchand

developmentD.askedforhelpfromothercountries4.AccordingtoFengWeijiang,_____.A.nocompaniesdaretosellchipstoChinaB.ChinawillcatchupwiththeUSinchips

soonC.China’ssemiconductormarketisgrowing

D.itwouldbeunwiseforcompaniestosidewiththeUS六、阅读理解Driverlesscars,facialrecognition(面部识别),themetaverse(元宇宙)…artificialintelligence(AI)isgreatlychanginghumansociety.However,withitsrapiddevelopmentcomeproblemsandquestionsconcerninglaws,socialethics(伦理)andprivacy(隐私).Imaginethis:Ifadriverlesscargetsintoanaccident,whoshouldberesponsibleforit:thecarmakerorthepassenger?Inanothersituation,inordertocatchthedeliverytimecalculatedbyalgorithms(算法),deliverydriversrisktheirlivesontheroadandcauseaccidents.Obviously,properregulations(法规)andlawsareneededtomanageAIanditsrelatedissues.Chinahasbeenmakingsuchefforts.

InSeptember,ShanghaipassedaregulationonAI,markingthefirstofsuchaneffortinChina.Theregulation,whichtookeffectonOct1,clearlydefinedthegovernment’sandrelatedparties’responsibilities(责任)andmanagementstandards(管理标准),SomebottomlinesforAIproductsandserviceswerealsomadeclear.Forexample,somecompaniesmakeuseofalgorithmstocheatpeoplebysettingdifferentpricesforthesameproducts.Thisisnowbanned.

Ahighlight(亮点)oftheregulationlookstosetupanexpertcommittee(委员会)onAI-relatedethics.Thecommitteeisresponsibleformakingethicalguidelines,promotingdiscussionsonbigAIethicsproblemsandmoreathomeandabroad.

Atthenationallevel,earlierinMarch,Chinareleasedasetofguidelinestohelpwiththegovernance(治理)overethicsinscienceandtechnology.Thecountryisalsocallingforglobalefforts.AccordingtoForeignMinistryspokeswomanMaoNing,ChinahasalwayscommittedtobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindinthefieldofAI.InapaperreleasedonNov16,thecountrysaidAIisapowerfultechnologythatpushesforwardglobaldevelopmentandimprovesthewell-beingofallhumankind.Allcountriesshouldshareresponsibilitiesandworktogetheronitsgovernance.

1.Paragraphs1-2werewrittentoshow_____.A.realexamplesofAIcausingproblemsB.theconveniencethatAIhasbroughtusC.howmuchChinahaddevelopeditsAItechnologyD.whyregulationsonAIarenecessary2.WhatdoweknowaboutShanghai’sAIregulation?A.ItisChina’sfirst-everdiscussionoverAIethics.B.Itdefinedtherelatedparties’responsibilities.C.ItsetupanexpertcommitteeonAI-relatedethics.D.ItsetupasetpriceforAIproductsandservices.3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.China’seffortsonAIgovernance.B.People’sopinionsontheregulation.C.Theimportanceoftheregulation.D.TheglobaleffortsonAIgovernance.

七、诗歌鉴赏赤壁唐杜牧折戟沉沙铁未销，自将磨洗认前朝。东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。TheRedCliffWedigoutbrokenhalberdsburiedinthesand,Andwashandrubtheserelicsofanancientwar，Hadtheeastwindrefusedtogiveahelpinghand,Southernbeautieswouldhavebeencaptivesonnorthernshore（TranslatedbyXuYuanchong）Historicalpoemsareneverjustaboutthingsthathappenedinthepast.Theymakepeoplethinkabouttheirownsituationinthepresent.Inthispoem,forexample,thepoetDuMu（803-852）usedahistoricalstorytoshowhowupsethefeltatthetime,asheneverhadachancetoachievehispolitical（政治的）goals.ThestoryisabouttheBattleoftheRedCliffyoneofthebest-knownbattlesoftheThreeKingdomsperiod（220-280）.Inthefirsttwolines,Dutellsusthathefindsaweapon（武器）buried（掩埋）deepinthesand.Aftercleaningit,herealizesthatit9sfromtheBattleoftheRedCliff.Thenhestartstorecallthestory."Eastwind”wasthegodsend（天赐的）windthathelpedGeneralZhouYuwin.ThewindfannedafirethatdamagedCaoCao'sfleet.IfadviserZhugeLianghadnotguessedthedirectionofthewind,Zhouwouldnothavewonthebattle.Hiswifeandsister-in-lawwouldbecapturedbyCao.ThepoetadmiresZhugeLiang'simportantroleinthebattle,butalsofeelssadabouthisownsituation.Duhadmilitarydreamshimselfbutnevergotachancetoshow