倒装反义疑问句

十六、否定（Negation）否定句在英语中一向占有很重要的一席之地，有一些句子只要动词加上not，即可构成否定句；有一些句子本身即含有否定词，如：no，neither，none，never，nothing等等。另外，还有一部分句子含有seldom，rarely，hardly等词眼，虽然表面文字不是否定形态，但意思却是否定的。例如：seldom意思是notoften，而scarcely（hardly）意思为almost…not/no。1十六、否定（Negation）否定句在英语中一向占有很重要的1、否定句的形成种类句型例句1一般动词的否定donotdoesnot+原型VdidnotThehousedoesn’tbelongtome.Hedidn’tgotothemovielastnight.2祈使句的否定Don’t+原型VLethimgo.Don’tlethimgo.Pleasesmokeintheroom.Pleasedon’tsmokeintheroom.21、否定句的形成种类句型例接上表种类句型例句3Be动词的否定am/is/was+notare/were+notI’mnotleavingyet.我还没有离开。4助动词的否定will/shall/can/must+notWecan’tstopnoworwewon’tgetthereintime.5完成式的否定hashave+not+p.p.hadIhaven’tpackedmypackage.我的行李尚未打好。6Let’s的否定Let’snot+原型VLet’snotstarttooearly.7不定式的否定Not+to+原型VIwarnedhimnottogothere.3接上表种类句型例句3Be动词的否定am/is/was+no2、全部否定A)

否定单数普通名词时要用nota，否定不可数的抽象名词、物质名词和复数普通名词用notany：Hesaidhehadn’tanymoney.Ihavenotanybooks.Note:否定词not用于否定疑问句中,如果不用缩略形式don’t,doesn’t,didn’t等，not则置于主句后。如用缩略形式则置于主句前：Haveyounottraveledbyseabefore？对动词-ing形式和动词不定进行否定，否定词not总是置于所修饰的非限定形式之前：Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottobelatefortheexamination.Heapologizedforhisnotbeingabletocome.Nothavingseenhimbefore,Ididn’tknowhewastheprofessorIwasexpectingtosee.42、全部否定4少数由not构成的疑问句和否定句是习惯用法,这是其否定意思弱化,甚至消失,实际上等于肯定：Whathavewenotdone？=Wehavedoneeverything！Howoftenhavewenotseenhim？=Wehaveoftenseenhim.B)no可用作限定词，置于名词前，这时no=nota/notany：Hehasnobook.=Ihavenotabook.Hehasnobooks.=Ihavenotanybooks.Note:动词用be时，not是一般句型，no…是强势句型：Tomisnotamodestman.汤姆不是个谦虚的人。Tomisnomodestman.汤姆是个很不谦虚的人。但是no不能置于冠词前修饰名词：Thedriverswentonstrike,but___porters.a.notheb.notc.noothersd.notthe5少数由not构成的疑问句和否定句是习惯用法,这是其告示用语中常用no+-ing结构，意思是“不准许…”或“禁止…”,不能用notany代替no：Thenoticesaid,“___smokinginthewaiting-room”.a.Notb.Notac.Notanyd.No类似的句子还有Noparking.不准停车Nothoroughfare.禁止通行C)nothing做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。有形容词修饰它时，放在其后：Thereisnothingwrongwiththismachine.Note:nothing常用于简略回答，一般情况下，回答以what提问的问句：“Whatareyoutryingtohidefromme?”“Nothing.”但nothing在特定结构中能从反面传达“最”的概念：Thereisnothinglikefrequentfailureforteachingonecaution.ThereisnothingIlikesomuchasplayingbasketball.6告示用语中常用no+-ing结构，意思是“不准许…”D)nobody,noone做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。它们通常用单数代词来替代：Nobody/Noonelikeshisfriendstotakeadvantageofhim.但是在反意疑问句中用复数代词来代替：Nobodywasworkingintheworkshop,werethey?用于简略回答时,常用于回答以who开头的句子：“Whoisknockingatthedoor?”“Nobody.”E)none既可指人,又可指物,做主语时其谓语动词可视具体情况用单数或复数形式：Ineedsomepencilsbadlybutthereisnoneathand.Twelveguestsareexpected,butnonehavearrived.Note:none用于简短回答时,一般用来回答以howmany或howmuch引起的问句:“Howmanystudentsareintheroom?”“None.”“Howmuchwaterisleftinthepool?”“None.”7D)nobody,noone做主语,谓语动词要用单F)never用于强势句型:Ourgreatmotherlandhasneverbeforebeensoprosperousasitistoday.在expect,hope,intend,plan,remember等动词+不定式的结构中,如用never否定,则将其置于不定式前:Iexpectednevertohearfromhim.Jackintendednevertobehavehimselfinclass.G)neither作代词用时,在谈到两个人或物时,意思是“哪个也不”,动词用单数。作限定词用时，所修饰的名词也用单数：Thefirstonewasnoteasy，neitherwasthesecondone.Neitherboyhaswonthe100meterrace.H)neither…nor…是一组并列连词。连接两个主语时，动词的数和靠近它的主语人称一致，用正常语序：8F)never用于强势句型:8Neitherhenorwehaveanydoubtofit.3、部分否定英语中部分否定的构成可以用all,always,both,each,every,everybody,everything,many,much,often等一类词加not

构成，请看下表：句型1allall所有both…not=notboth…(并非…两者…)everyevery每一例句Allmenarenothonest.人并非都是诚实的。Bothhisparentsarenotliving.并非他的父母亲两者都健在。Thistraindoesn’tstopateverystation.这班火车并不是每站都停。9Neitherhenorwehaveany接上表4、转移否定

A)

有些表示“主观臆测”的及物动词如assume,believe,expect,fancy,feel,guess,imagine,reckon,seem,suppose,think等,用于复合句的主句中时,其后面用that引导的宾语从句中的谓语若是否定意句型2Notalways(未必是)Notnecessarily例句Thericharenotalwayshappy.有钱的人未必是快乐的。Leavesarenotnecessarilygreen.树叶未必是绿的。10接上表句型Notalways例句Therichare义,通常把否定词前移到主句中去,这叫做转移的否定结构。例如：Georgedoesn’tbelieve(that)Marywillobjecttotheplan.Idon’tsuppose(that)hewillfinishtheworkintime.Idon’tthink(that)youcancatchthetrain.B)

但主句的谓语动词是say,tell等同否定词not连用时,则不是转移的否定结构,而且两个句子的意义不同,试比较:Hedidnotsayhewascoming.他没说过他要来。Hesaidhewasnotcoming.他说过他不来了。C)

动词hope没有转移否定现象。如：Idon’thopeshe’llcome.(

)Ihopeshewon’tcome.(

)IhopeI’mnotdisturbingyoubyaskingyousomanyquestions.(

)11义,通常把否定词前移到主句中去,这叫做转移的否定结构

D)

把not用在appear,assume,beafraid,believe,expect,fear,guess,hope,seem,suppose,think,trust等动词之后,not是对省略的从句进行否定:“Willhebeabletopasstheexam?”“I’mafraidnot.”“Willitraintomorrow?”“Ihopenot.”5、委婉否定

当句子里具有barely,few,hardly,little,rarely,scarcely,seldom,等词时,应将这些句子视作否定句,其语气比较委婉：Peterseldomdoeshishomeworkintime,andTomdoesnoteither.Shehardlyevereatsbreadorpotatoes.Mybrotherseldomdrinksanyalcoholinthemorning,doeshe?

也应注意不要增加多余的否定词：12D)把not用在appear,assume,beThevisibilitybecamesobadthatI___hardlyseethemanwhowaswalkingonefootinfrontofme.a.couldnob.couldnotc.couldd.couldneverTheboathassurvivedtherecentflood___seriousdamage.a.withoutscarcelyb.scarcelywithout

c.withscarcelyd.withnotscarcely但不包括修辞手法的“双重否定”：Youcan’tmakesomethingoutofnothing.---“IhavestudiedEnglisheverydayforhalfayear.”---“That’sgood,butthatdoesn’tmeanyoudon’tstillhavealottolearn.”6、两个否定等于肯定句型：(1)主语+never+V…+but+从句…(每…必…)(2)主语+never+V…+without+V-ing…(每…必…)13Thevisibilitybecamesobad(3)Thereisno+名词+but+V…(没有一个…不…)(4)…few+复数名词+but+V…(几乎每个…都…)例句：Henevergoestoabookstorebuthebuyssomebooks.=Henevergoestoabookstorewithoutbuyingsomebooks.他每次进书店一定买些书。Thereisnomotherbutlovesherchildren.没有一个母亲不爱她的子女。Iknowfewpeoplebutareconcernedabouttheairpollution.几乎我所认识的每个人都关心空气污染。7、无否定词的否定有些词汇虽无否定形式，却含否定意味。A)

连接词有before,lest,than,unless等:HebecameveryangrybeforeIcouldexplainwhyIwaslateforthemeeting.14(3)Thereisno+名词+but

B)

含有否定意义的动词有:deny,doubt,fail,hesitate,lack,refuse,wonder,等。在表示否定时，不能再与don’t连用，否则句子意思发生变化:Idoubtifhewillcome.我怀疑他是否能来。Idon’tdoubtthathewillcome.我确信他能来。Hefailedtofollowmyadvice.他没有遵从我的劝告。Ineverfailtokeepmyword.=Ikeepmywordwithoutfail.我一定守信。还有些对表示“劝阻、抑制”等的动词与from搭配使用时，介词后含否定意义，无需再加not，如：deter(劝阻)，dispense(免除)，dissuade(劝阻)，excuse（使免除），keep，prevent，protect，restrain，save，stop等：Peoplebegantopreventfactoriesandcarsfromsendingpoisonousgasesintotheair.

C)

带有否定意义的介词有:above(超过…之外),

15B)含有否定意义的动词有:deny,doubt,beyond,except,insteadof,without等:Don’tworry.Fatherisquiteabovetryingtoinfluenceyourchoiceinthismatter.(…父亲不至于在这件事上干涉你的选择。）I’llgotothemovieinsteadofwatchingTV.Heisabovesuchconduct.他不屑这种举动。Sheisnotaboveaskingquestions.他不耻下问。

D)

含有否定意义的形容词有：farfrom，freefrom，shortof等：Heisfarfromhonest.他一点也不诚实。Hisexplanationisfarfromsatisfactory.他的解释一点也不令人满意。

E)含有否定意义的副词有:invain,too…to,vainly等:Theyweretooyoungtounderstandthat.16beyond,except,insteadof,wHeistoocarefulnottohavenoticedit.他很细心,不会注意不到这一点。

F)

句型:thelast+名词…+to+V+thatS+V(再怎么说也不会的;最不可能的)例句:Heisthelastmanformetoinvite.ThiswasthelastthingIwoulddo.8、否定句其他重要句型

句型1：Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…=Needlesstosay不用说例句:

Itgoeswithoutsayingthateducationisimportant.

句型2：cannot…too愈…愈好;再…也不为过例句:Astudentcannotbetoodiligent.

Whiledriving,youcannotbetoocareful.17Heistoocarefulnottoh

句型3:notsomuch(A)as(B)

与其说A不如说B例句:Heisnotsomuchdiligentasclever.

句型4:Thereisno+V-ing=Itisimpossibleto+V例句:Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappeninthefuture.

无法知道将来会发生什么。

句型5:leavenothingtobedesired=beperfect例句:Yourworkleavesnothingtobedesired.

你的工作已十全十美。

句型6:nothingbut=only例句:Heisnothingbutachild.

句型7:cannotbut(不得不;禁不住)例句:Hecannotbutlaugh.18句型3:notsomuch(A)as(B)Conclusion:Sofarwe’vediscussedNegation.Wehavealreadyknownwhatnegationmeansandhowitisformed.Wealsotalkedabouttheusesofnegationandsomeexceptions.Nowlet’spractice…Exercises:Hedesirednothing___TVintheevening.a.butwatchb.butwatchedc.buttowatchd.buttowatching(nothingbut意为“只有…;只不过…;除了…以外什么也不”,后接不带to的动词不定式。）Pavlov’scontributiontomodernpsychologycanscarcelybe___.a.notoverratedb.overratedc.overratednotd.rated19Conclusion:19(cannot与副词enough,over,perfectly,sufficiently,too,toomuch等词连用,含有“无论怎样也不为过”的意思。）I___tohelpyou,whennecessary.a.failnotb.shallnotfailc.shallrefused.shallhesitateWemust___askingquestionaboutthingswedonotunderstand.a.beaboveb.notbeabovec.abovebenotd.benotabove（不懂的事情，不要怕提出来问。）Heis___beingbraveandhonest.Inaword,youcan’tbelieveinhim.a.notfarfromb.farfromnotc.farnotfromd.farfromIcannotthankyou___much.a.veryb.so20(cannot与副词enough,over,pe

c.tood.ratherIdislikebeingtalkedtolikethat.___mybrother.a.Doesnotb.Neitherdoesc.Nordoesd.Sodoes(按否定范围否定可分为词否定和句否定。词否定是用否定意义的词缀构成。如：disagree,illegal,impolite,inactive,irregular,unhappy,hopeless等。这时应注意，带否定词缀的词只是在意义上否定，但在语法结构中可视为肯定句。）___waskilledandonlythreewounded.a.Notmanb.Anymanc.Notamand.Nomen(否定单数普通名词时要用nota,否定不可数的抽象名词,物质名词和复数普通名词用notany。）Leastofall___thatheowesadutytothecommunityinsuchmatter.21c.too

a.doeshesuspectb.hesuspectsc.suspecthed.suspectdoeshe(他尤其没想到在这类事情上面,他对社会负有责任。leastofall尤其不）Heunbuttonedhiscoat,___he?a.didb.didn’tc.wouldn’td.wouldSilencemust___asconsent.a.notalwaysreadb.notalwaysreadsc.notalwaysisreadd.notalwaysberead(沉默未必表示同意。Notalways表示部分否定。）12.Johncanhardlydoit;___.a.norcanMaryb.socanMaryc.neithercan’tMaryd.Marycan,too

(end)22a.doeshesuspect十七、倒装（InvertedOrder）为了强调句中的某一部分,或为了词序的方便,而将一般陈述句句型的位置改变,这样的句子称为倒装句。在下列情形需用倒装句型：用法例句否定副词放在句首LittledidIdreamofit.我做梦也没想到这件事。Only在句首时Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceedinanything.表示“也”,“也不”Youcan’tdoit;norcanI.Tomswimswell;sodoI.23十七、倒装（InvertedOrder）为了强调句中的某一接上表1)全部倒装在全部倒装的句子中,整个谓语都放在主语前面。全部倒装多用于下列情况：A)表示地点副词的倒装句型地点副词放在句首Herecomesthebus。让步状语从句Hardasheworked，hefailed.虚拟语气Wereheyourgoodfriend,hewouldhelpyou.主语补语Soangrywashethathecouldnotspeak.24接上表地点副词放在句首Herecomesthebus。句型1.here,there

Herecomesyourbus.你要乘的公共汽车来了。Hereyouare.句型2表示地点的介副词(如:up,down,off,in,out,on,away…)+V+主语(名词)/主语(代词)+V

Downfellthetrees!(=Thetreefelldown.)Downitfell.(主语为代词)它倒了。句型3副词短语（如：onthedesk…）

Underthetreelayanoldman.(=Anoldmanlayunderthetree.主语为名词)B)在以now,then,thus,hence以及nextto等词开头的句子里。NexttohimstoodCaptainRodney，whousedtocommandaship.SpringbeginsinMarch;thencomeAprilandMay.25句型1.here,there25C)在形容词、分词和表示地点的介词短语作表语并置于句首时。这种结构通常与表示存在的动词或系动词be连用。Presentatthemeetingwerethosepeoplewhohadmadecontributionstothescientificresearchinourcountry.Acrosstheriverliesanewly-builtbridge.2)部分倒装在部分倒装的句子中,只把助动词、情态动词或系动词be置于主语之前，称为部分倒装。部分倒装多用于下列情况：A)否定词或否定意义的介词短语在句首时。a)否定词语:

barely,hardly,invain,little,nosooner,not,notonly,notuntil,nowhere,scarcely,seldom等:SeldomdidImakeanymistakesduringmypastfouryearsofstudythere.26C)在形容词、分词和表示地点的介词短语作表语并置于句首时。b)含有no的介词短语:atnotime,bynomeans=bynomannerofmeans(决不,并没有),fornoreason(决不,无论如何),innocase,in(under)nocircumstances,innosense(决不),innoshape(决不,无论如何),innoway,onnoaccount=notonanyaccount,on(under)noconsideration,onnoterms=notonanyterms等:Onnoaccountwillweagreetosuchasillydecision.NotoncedidhementionhistriptoBeijing.B)only的倒装句型状语从句Only+状语副词短语置于句首时。介词短语Yourealizeitsvalueonlywhenyouloseyourhealth.=Onlywhenyouloseyourhealthdoyourealizeitsvalue.Wecansucceedonlybyworkinghard.=Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceed.27b)含有no的介词短语:atnotime,byno与only有关的惯用语:①Ifonly+从句(通常用于虚拟语气)IfonlyIhadalittlemoremoney,Icouldbuyit.Ifonlyitwouldstopraining.②onlythat+从句(=butthat)(若非)(only所引导的从句用直陈法)

Iwouldhavegone,only(that)itrained.要不是下雨,我就会去。Only(that)Ihaveameeting,Iwouldcometotheparty.③onlytoo=very(用在happy,glad,pleased等之前)I’monlytoogladtocome.④onlyto+V(表反意结果)Hechallengedthechampiononlytobedefeated.28与only有关的惯用语:28C)“often,manyatime,well”等副词在句首时：Manyatimehasgivenmyteachermegoodadvice.OftenhaveIwarnedhernottogoswimmingalone.D)在“so…that”和“such…that”引起的结果状语从句中,当so或such置于句首时。Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.Suchwashisbehaviourthateveryonedislikeshim.E)“tosuchadegree”和“tosuchanextent”做程度状语置于句首时:Tosuchanextentdidthetemperaturerisethatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.F)让步从句的倒装句型①(al)though+主+V+副词/形容词/名词,…=副词/形容词/名词+as+主+V…29C)“often,manyatime,well”(Note:名词放在句首时,冠词要省略。)Althoughheworkedhard,hefailed.=Hardasheworded,hefailed.Althoughherich,heisnothappy.=Richasheis,heisnothappy.Althoughsheisawoman,sheisbrave.=Womenassheis,sheisbrave.②Be+主语+表语(通常含并列连词or)(Note:充当表语成分的词类可以是形容词、名词、介词短语、动词的非谓语形式等。当表语是名词时，该名词前一般省略冠词。）Beshepoororrich,I’lltakeherasmywife.Beheteacherorstudent,heshouldbeblamedforit.③Be+主语+everso+形容词

(Note:这个结构=Let+主语+be+everso+adj.)30(Note:名词放在句首时,冠词要省略。)30Beiteversolate,wemustcarrythroughtheprojecttotheend.Beamaneversocleverifhedoesn’tlearnheknowsnothing.G)虚拟语气的倒装句型

werewere

If+S+had…had+S+…shouldshould(Note:在虚拟语气中,当连词if省略时,助动词移到句首。WereJohnherenow，hewouldgivemeahand.Hadyoustudiedhard,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwillstayhome.H)当so,neither,nor,nomore用来避免重复时,用倒装句型Marylikesflowers,andsodoI.31Beiteversolate,wemustcaAndersonhadnomoney,nordidheknowanyonehecouldborrowfrom.I)“justas…,so…”句型中,so引导主句时通常用部分倒装。（Note：有时可以省略加强语气用的just，或so；此句型意为“正如……一样,正如……也”）Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,soistheatmosphere.JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnature,sodidMarxdiscoverthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory.Conclusion:Soinvertedorderarediscussedinthislecture.Generally,inversioncanbedividedintotwokinds:completeinversionandpartialinversion.Sincewe’vealreadytalkedaboutsomeexamplesineachpart,nowlet’sdomoreexercises…32Andersonhadnomoney,nordidExercise:___withwhomwearefamiliar.a.Heretheprofessorcomesb.Herecomestheprofessorc.Comesheretheprofessord.TheprofessorcomeshereLook,here___.a.comesheb.hecomesc.iscomingtheteacherd.willhecome(在以here,there等副词开头的句子里,常用全部倒装。但如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。在这种结构中，多用一般现在时。）___fromthetenthfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhispistolathim.a.Downjumpedtheburglarb.Downtheburglarjumpedc.Downdidtheburglarjumpd.Jumpeddowntheburglar33Exercise:33Thestudiodoor___abreathlesswomanandagiantofaFrenchofficer.a.openflewandinrushedb.flewopenandinrushedc.flewopenandrushedind.wideflewopenandrushedin___whenChinahadtodependonforeigncountriesforoil.a.Forevergonearethedaysb.Foreverarethedaysgonec.Goneforeverthedaysared.GoneforeverarethedaysMostpeoplewouldagreethat___inexceptionalcircumstancesshouldadoctorhidethetruthfromapatient.a.ifb.providedc.incased.only___,Icouldn’tliftthebox.a.AsImighttryb.TryalthoughImightc.AstryImightd.TryasImight8.Thereisalwayssomeelectricityneeded,___.34Thestudiodoor___abreathless

a.beitdayornightb.itisdayornightc.isitdayornightd.whetherbeitdayornight9.Weshouldnothavesucceeded,___itnotbeenfortheleadershipoftheParty.a.hadb.shouldc.wouldd.if10.Hecan’taffordanewcar,and___.a.Icannomoreb.nomorecanIc.Inomorecand.canInomore11.Justaspeopledifferintheirabilitytohearsound,___intheirappreciationofsounds.a.alsotheydiffersob.alsodotheydifferc.soalsodotheydifferd.sodiffertheyalso12.Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdata___cometoasoundconclusion.a.youwillb.canyouc.youcand.wouldyou35a.beitdayornight13.___theexperimenttomorrow,heshouldreadtheinstructionscarefully.a.Washedoingb.Ifhedoesc.Werehetodod.wouldhedo14.Ihopetosettledowninthecountry,and___.a.sodoesmywifeb.neitherdoesmywifec.mywifedoessod.mywifedoes,either___Ilefttheschoolthanitbegantorain.a.Nosoonerhadb.Soonerhadnoc.Hadnosoonerd.SoonernohadNotforamoment___thetruthofyourstory.a.hehasdoubtedb.hedoubtc.didhedoubtd.hediddoubt

(end)3613.___theexperimenttomor十八、反意疑问句(tagquestion)反意疑问句附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的的事实或观点提出疑问。这种疑问句由be,have或助动词加主语构成，前有逗号，后有问号。句末常用升调。反意疑问句的结构实际上是一种简略的疑问句，所以其答语一般须用yes或no。反意疑问句常常是反义的，也就是说，陈述句如是肯定结构，其后的反意疑问句即用否定结构。反之，陈述句如是否定结构，其后的反意疑问句即是肯定结构。反意疑问句多用以证实一种情况。37十八、反意疑问句(tagquestion)反意疑问句附在陈1、陈述句改为反意疑问句

①肯定的陈述句----用否定的反意疑问句

②否定的陈述句----用肯定的反意疑问句Peterisverypopularinschool,isn’the?Heseldomgoesthere,doeshe?Shecutherself,didn’tshe?(Note:表示否定的词有:no,never,nothing,seldom,little,few,scarcely,hardly,etc.另外,还要注意动词时态的一致。）2、反意疑问句的动词陈述句的动词反意疑问句的动词1be动词be动词2一般动词do（does，did）3动词短语第一个助动词381、陈述句改为反意疑问句陈述句的动词反意疑问句的动词1接上表：例如：You’recoming,aren’tyou?Shetoldyou,didn’tyou?Yourhomeworkhasbeenfinished,hasn’tit?Youhadbettergoforadoctor,hadn’tyou?Youhadbetternotstayhere,hadyou?Hehadtohelpyou,didn’the?4have当助动词时用“have”当本动词时用“do”5hadtodid6hadbetter

had39接上表：have当助动词时用“have”3、反意疑问句的主语例如:陈述句的主语反意疑问句主语1therethere2these,those或复数主语they3this,thatV-ing,to-V或非人称的单数主语Ｉit4名词代词5代词代词403、反意疑问句的主语陈述句的主语反意疑问句主语1thereThereissomeoneintheroom,isn’tthere?Thesearegoodbooks,aren’tthey?StudyingEnglishisnoteasy,isit?Maryischarming,isn’tshe?4、反意疑问句以陈述句的主语来决定

①

Ithink（believe,guess,suppose…),要以后面的名词从句形成反意疑问句,但若主语为“I”以外的主语时,则反意疑问句仍以陈述句作变化。

②如有从句时，要以主句形成反意疑问句。

③如以并列连词（or，and，but）连接的句子，要以最接近的句子形成反意疑问句。例如：

IthinkJohnhasleft,hasn’the？wethinkthatheisnice,don’twe?41Thereissomeoneintheroom,Hewaseatingwhenyoucame,wasn’the?Theywereabsentyesterday,butMarywasn’t,wasshe?5、祈使句的反意疑问句例如:陈述句反意疑问句1let‘sshallwe？2letuswillyou？3letmewillyou？4let’snotallright或O.K?5原型动词（祈使句）willyou？42Hewaseatingwhenyoucame,wLet’sgo,shallwe?我们走吧!(表示提议)Letusgo,willyou?让我们走吧!好吗?(表示请求)Let’snottellhim,allright?咱们别告诉他,好吗?(表示否定的提议)Passmethesugar,willyou?把糖递给我好吗?(表示请求)Haveacupofcoffee,won’tyou?喝杯咖啡,好吗?(表示邀请)6、反意疑问句中人称使用上的特殊情况①当陈述部分的主语是指物的合成代词，如：something，everything，nothing，anything时，疑问部分的主语用it。例如：Somethingoughttobedoneaboutit,

shouldn’tit?

我们应该对此作些什么,不是吗？43Let’sgo,shallwe?我们走吧!(表示②当陈述部分的主语是指人的合成代词，如：somebody，anyone，everybody，everyone，noone，nobody时，疑问部分的主语用they。例如：Nobodysaidawordabouttheaccident,didthey?没有人对这个事件发表意见,是不是?

③当陈述部分式“Iam…”时,疑问部分用“aren’tI”;如果陈述部分式“I’mnot…”时,疑问仍用“amI?”例如:I’mjustifiedinamusinghim,aren’tI?I’mnotverykeenonnovels,amI?6、反意疑问句中助动词使用上的特殊情况①当陈述部分的助动词是dare,need,hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldlike时,疑问部分则要重复44②当陈述部分的主语是指人的合成代词，如：somebody，这些助动词。例如：Therearen‘tmanycafes.We’dbetterstopat

thenextplacewesee，hadn’twe？②当陈述部分谓语助动词是“wish,want,hope+todo”结构时,疑问部分的谓语要用may,而且通常用肯定形式。例如：Iwishtocallonyoutonight，mayI？

③当陈述部分谓语助动词是usedtodo(be)时,疑问部分则用did(didn‘t)或usedto(usedn