语法基础知识复习讲义数词（教师版）

知识梳理专题四数词知识梳理专题四数词★★★考点一：基数词和序数词一、基数词的构成：表示数目多少的词称为基数词。数字基数词形式举例1~12独立词one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13~19个位数+teen(13,15,18稍有变化)three—thirteen,four—fourteen,five—fifteen整十数个位数+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有变化)two—twenty,three—thirty,four—forty,six—sixty几十几整十数加“”再加个位数21:twentyone,55:fiftyfive几百几...hundred+and+...288:twohundredandeightyeight二、序数词的构成：表示顺序的词称为序数词。基数词变序数词的规则：（1）1~3的序数词为不规则变化one—firsttwo—secondthree—third（2）4~19的序数词由“基数词+th”构成four—fourthseven—seventhsixteen—sixteenth►其中第五、第八、第九、第十二为特殊形式five—fiftheight—eighthnine—ninthtwelve—twelfth（3）整数第几十的序数词形式为把y变成ie，再加thtwenty—twentieththirty—thirtieth（4）从“二十一”以后的基数词在变序数词时，只需将个位数变成序数词twenty—one→twentyfirst基变序，有规律，后面th加上去。1,2,3，特殊记，8加h，9去e；基变序，有规律，后面th加上去。1,2,3，特殊记，8加h，9去e；ve要用f替，见y变成i和e；若是遇上几十几，只变个位就可以！序数词的缩写形式：“阿拉伯数字+序数词最后面的两个字母”。例如:first→1st;seventeenth→17th;twentysecond→22nd;thirtythird→33rd。三、基数词的用法用途举例表示数量twelvefloors十二层楼1,250students1250个学生表示年龄sixteenyearsold十六岁表示编号（名词+数字）LessonOne第一课Room802802号房间表示年份、年代innineteenninetyeight在1998年表示时间Junethefirst(6月1日),atsixo’clock(在6点钟)【知识拓展】1.inone’s+整十基数词的复数形式，表示“在某人多少岁时”，如：inmytwenties在我二十多岁时2.复合形容词：（1）基数词+名词（单数）如：atwomonthholiday两个月的假期（2）基数词+名词（单数）+形容词如：a100metrelongbridge一座100米长的大桥3.时间表达法：时间类型表示法例读法整点基数词+o’clock1:00oneo’clock>30分钟分钟+past+小时2:10tenpasttwo=30分钟half+past+小时3:30halfpastthree<30分钟（60分钟）+to+（小时+1）4:40twentytofive分钟逢15（即一刻钟）aquarter5:156:45aquarterpastfiveaquartertoseven顺读法小时+分钟7:50sevenfifty序数词前通常要加定冠词“the”，序数词前通常要加定冠词“the”，但有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时不加“the”用途举例表示顺序thetwentyfirstcentury第21世纪mysecondcar我的第二辆车表示日期onOct.1st,2008在2008年10月1日表示数量（a/an+序数词+名词）“又一；再一”Pleasegivemeasecondchance.请再给我一次机会。基础练习基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空1.Jimwonthe___first_____(one)prizeinthewritingpetition.2.Thisismy___third_____(three)visittoBeijing.3.Wewillhavethe___eighth____(eight)lessonintenminutes.4.January21isthe_twentyfirst__(twentyone)dayofJanuary.5.NextFridayismygrandfather’s__seventieth__(seventy)birthday.6.Mygrandfatherlikestakingexercise.Hestillkeepsrunninginhis___sixties___(sixty).7..,ThanksgivingDayfallsonthe___fourth____(four)ThursdayinNovember.8.Tomorrowwillbemysister’s___twelfth____(twelve)birthdayandwe’llhaveapartytocelebrateit.9.Billyisfourteenyearsoldandinthe____ninth____(nine)gradeinajuniorhighschool.10.AlthoughZhangGuimeiisalreadyinher____sixties___(sixty),shestillhelpsgirlsgotocollege.真题演练真题演练用所给词的适当形式填空1.(2023·眉山中考改编)—Tim,howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?—___Once____(one)aweek.Ireallyenjoystayingwiththem.2.(2023·白银、临夏州中考)Ourhomeisthe___third_____(three)fromtheendontheleft.3.(2023·龙东中考)Harbinisabeautifulcity.So__millions___(million)ofpeopleeheretoenjoysnoweverywinter.4.(2022·泰安中考改编)Thereare5peoplewaitingforthebusinfrontofme.Iamthe___sixth_____(six)one.5.(2022·盘锦中考)Lookatthephoto!The___ninth_____(nine)boyfromtherightismybestfriend.6.（2023·甘肃定西三模）It’swonderfultoliveonthe___twelfth____(twelve)floor.Youcanseethewholetown.7.（2023·上海杨浦三模）The___eighth____（eight）personfromtherightinthephotoismycousin,Linda.8.（2023·云南昆明二模）Chinacelebratedthe___thirteenth___(thirteen)ChinaTourismDayonMay19thinTengchong,YunnanProvince.9.（2023·上海浦东新二模）DoctorWangkeepsrunningmarathonseventhoughhe’sinhis____sixties_____(sixty).10.（2023·上海虹口二模）Itisthe___second____(two)timethatmycousinandIhavebeentoBeijing.考点二：分数的表达法基数分数的结构为：基数分数的结构为：分子分母（）词（）词分子大于1，分母用复数（单数/复数）序数序数如：五分之一onefifth三分之二twothirds四分之三threefourths/threequarters六分之一onesixth【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：ahalf二分之一aquarter=onefourth四分之一threequarters=threefourths四分之三【知识拓展】百分数的表达：“基数词+percent”（percent无复数形式）如：fivepercent5%twentypercent20%★★考点三：概数词hundred（百）、thousand（千）、million（百万）、billion（亿）表示具体数量：表示具体数量：基数词＋hundredthousandmillionbillion不加s和of表示不确切数量：表示不确切数量：hundredsthousandsmillionsbillions＋of要加s和of如：六百本书sixhundredbooks数千人thousandsofpeople两百万美元twomilliondollars数百棵树hundredsoftrees基础练习基础练习1.—Howmanybirdscanyouseeinthetrees?—Icansee___A____birdsinthem.A.hundredsof B.fivehundreds C.hundredof D.fivehundredsof2.___B___black—headedgulls(红嘴鸥)etoKunmingtospendtheirwintereveryyear.A.Thousands B.ThousandsofC.Thousandof D.Thousand3.___C___ofthestudentsintheclassroomaregirls.A.ThreefourB.ThreefourthC.ThreefourthsD.Thirdfour4.—___C____volunteerstookpartintheWinterOlympicGames.—Theyareverygreat.Weareproudofthem.A.Thousand B.Thousands C.ThousandsofD.Twothousandsof真题演练真题演练一、单项选择1.（2022·辽宁鞍山）—Didyouwatchthesecond“Tiangonglecture”(天宫课堂)onMarch23,2022?—Yes,abouttwo___A____studentsinourschoolwatchedit.A．thousand B．thousandsof C．million D．millionsof2.（2022·广西河池）Nowadays,___D____birdsflytothewarmsouthinwinter.A．million B．millions C．twomillions D．millionsof3.（2022·贵州黔东南）—___C____isthepopulationofGuizhou?—Ithasmorethan________people.A．Howmuch;thirtyeightmillionsof B．Howmany;thirtyeightmill