2025届高考英语第一轮复习基于深层思维的阅读

英

语基于深层思维的阅读教学建议高考英语阅读理解

考纲要求理解主旨要义1理解文中具体信息2根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义3做出判断和推理45理解作者的意图、观点和态度理解文章的基本结构6高考英语阅读理解

考频主旨大意mainidea猜测词义theunderlinedword推理判断infer细节理解detail考查要求：细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系→作者所要传达的信息、文章深层意义及隐含意义推理判断题高层次依据：文字信息判断有据推论有理忠实原文原文中找不到依据的推理表面文字信息得出多余推理自己的观点代替作者本意片面思考、片面结论文章细节的直接陈述解

题01关键词、信息点→时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等02概括全文或全段意思整合与题目相关的信息03积极：support,approve,for,infavorof,pleasant,humorous,impressive,praise消极：disgusted,critical,doubtful,oppposed中立：objective,factual,impartial04报告、报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南针对特定细节信息推理推断作者的态度及意图整合全文（段）信息推断推测文章的来源或者读者比较模糊的词语

（often,might等）推理得出的正话反说绝对概念(only,never等)细节事实主观臆断审读题干找关键词定位文中寻找依据细读选项排除干扰选项特点正确选项干扰选项颠倒是非张冠李戴增删修饰语解题方法

TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspring,isErnestHemingway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortázar.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeast?

（细节推断）

A.It’sabriefaccountofatrip.C.It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D.It’saboutHemingway’sfriendsinParis.

WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.B.It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.A.Todetectplants’lackofwater.真题再现

二、主旨大意题主旨大意题属于高层次阅读理解题解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌：作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，根据表面文字信息进行多余推理，用自己的观点代替作者的本意，片面思考，片面结论，文章细节的直接陈述。主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。课件：基于深层思维的阅读教学建议位置：二、主旨大意题疑问：这段文字属于“一、推理判断题”中的内容确定标题类文章大意类段落大意类写作意图类下一页内容未修改前考查要求：运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结主旨大意题高层次分类确定标题类A文章大意类B段落大意类C写作意图类D根据文章主题，概括出文章主旨大意切忌:

以偏概全

以细节事实代替主旨

忽略主题意义解题方法速读全文寻读体裁审读全文找主题句细读选项排除干扰识别文体寻找主题句高频信息词新闻报道议论文说明文记叙文导语提携全文总-分-总（论点－论据－结论）主题句（首－中－尾）记叙文六要素转折后关键词:but,however设问后例举关键词总结性、结论性的词：in

brief/inshortall

in

all,

inconclusion等短小精悍，含抽象名词/概括性短语细节信息×

过分肯定×

绝对肯定×不随意改变语言表意程度、色彩概括性强精确性强范围恰当以偏概全断章取义主题扩大似是而非移花接木解

题选项特点正确选项干扰选项真题再现Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.【思路分析】段落大意

高频词汇真题再现WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas