PMI培训资料：加氢类装置常用容器简介及简单操作方法

加氢类装置常用容器简介及简单操作方法

Generalintroductionofhydrogenationdevicesandsimpleoperationmethods

2一、设备分类classification

of

equipment化工机械包括两部分，其一是化工机器，主要是指诸如流体输送的风机、压缩机、各种泵等设备，其主要部件是运动的机械，一般称为动设备。其二是化工设备主要是指部件是静止的机械，诸如塔器等分离设备，容器、反应器设备等，一般称为静设备。Chemicalmachineryconsistsoftwoparts,oneischemicalindustrymachine,ismainlyreferstosuchasfan,compressor,allkindsoffluidconveyingpumpequipment,suchasitsmainpartisthemechanicalmovement,commonlyreferredtoasrotaryequipment.Thesecondisthatchemicalequipmentmainlyreferstothestationarymachinery,suchastheseparationequipmentsuchastower,container,reactorequipment,etc.,commonlycalledstaticequipment.

3一、压力容器的定义

definitionofpressurevessel在石油化工领域，容器是指储存设备和其它各种设备的外壳。按容器所承受压力的高低又可分为常压容器和压力容器两大类，但两者之间的压力分界是人为规定的，因此在不同规范中其数值可能略有差异。Inpetrochemicals,containersaretheshellsofstorageequipmentandotherkindsofequipment.Accordingtothecontainerunderpressureofhighandlowandcanbedividedintotwocategories,atmosphericpressurecontainerandpressurevessels,butthepressureboundarybetweenthetwoisartificial,thereforeitsvaluemaybeslightlydifferentinthedifferentspecification.

4二、压力容器的定义definitionofpressurevessel一般压力容器是指同时具备下列三个条件的容器：1、最高工作压力≥0.1MPa（不包括液体静压力）；2、内直径≥150mm，且容积≥25L；3、介质为气体、液化气体和最高工作温度高于标准沸点（指在一个大气压下的沸点）的液体。Pressurevesselisusuallyreferredtoatthesametimesatisfythefollowingthreeconditionsofcontainer:1,themaximumworkingpressureisgreaterthan0.1MPa(notincludinghydrostaticpressure);2.Theinnerdiameterisgreaterthan150mmandthevolumeisgreaterthan25L;3.Themediumisthegas,liquefiedgasandthehighestworkingtemperatureabovethestandardboilingpoint(theboilingpointunderoneatmosphere).5二、压力容器的分类Classificationofpressurevessels压力容器按其所承受的工作压力，可分为低压、中压、高压及超高压容器四个等级。具体划分标准是：低压容器——0.1MPa≤P≤1.6Mpa；中压容器——1.6MPa＜P＜10MPa；高压容器——10MPa≤P≤100MPa；超高压容器——P＞100MPa。Thepressurevesselcanbedividedintofourgrades:lowpressure,mediumpressure,highpressureandsuperhighpressurevesselaccordingtotheworkingpressure.Specificdivisionstandardis:lowpressurecontainer0.1MPa≤P≤1.6Mpa;Mediumpressurevessel1.6MPa<P<10MPa;Highpressurevessel10MPa≤P≤100MPa;SuperhighpressurevesselP>100MPa.6为便于安全管理和监督检查，根据容器压力的高低、容器内介质的危害程度以及在生产过程中的重要作用，又将容器分为三类。Inordertofacilitatethesafetymanagementandsupervisionandinspection,thecontainercanbedividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtothepressureofthevessel,theharmdegreeofthemediuminthecontainerandtheimportantroleintheproductionprocess.

71．属于下列情况之一者为Ⅰ类化工压力容器：

（1）非易燃或无毒介质的低压容器；

（2）易燃或有毒介质的低压分离容器和换热容器。1.Belongstooneofthefollowingcircumstances:Ⅰforchemicalpressurevessel(1)nonflammableortoxicmediumlowpressurecontainer;(2)low-pressureseparationvesselsandheattransfercontainersforflammableortoxicmedia.

82．属于下列情况之一者为Ⅱ类化工压力容器：

（1）中压容器；

（2）剧毒介质的低压容器；

（3）易燃或有毒介质的低压反应容器和贮运容器。2.Belongstooneofthefollowingcircumstances:Ⅱforchemicalpressurevessel(1)themediumpressurevessel;(2)low-pressurevesselsofhighlytoxicmedia;(3)low-pressurereactionvesselsandstoragecontainersforflammableortoxicmedia.

93．属于下列情况之一者为Ⅲ类化工压力容器：

（1）高压、超高压容器；

（2）剧毒介质且压力与体积的乘积≥200L·MPa的低压容器或剧毒介质的中压容器；

（3）易燃或有毒介质且压力与体积的乘积≥500L·MPa的中压反应容器或压力与体积的乘积≥5000L·MPa的中压贮运容器。3.Belongstooneofthefollowingcircumstances:Ⅲforchemicalpressurevessel(1)highpressure,superhighpressurevessel;(2)thehighlytoxicmediumandtheproductofpressureandvolumeisgreaterthan200L.MPathatofthelow-pressurevesselorthemediumpressurevesselofthehighlytoxicmedium;(3flammableortoxicmediumandtheproductofpressureandvolumeisgreaterthan500L·MPathatofthemediumreactorvessel,theproductofpressureandvolumeisgreaterthan5000L·MPathatofthemediumstorage.10安全附件的定义压力容器用的安全阀、爆破片装置、紧急切断装置、压力表、液面计、测温仪表、快开门式压力容器的安全联锁。ThedefinitionofsafetyaccessoriesSafetyvalvesforpressurevessels,blastingdevices,emergencycut-offdevices,pressuregauges,liquidlevelgauges,thermometergauges,andquick-openingpressurevessels.安全阀件Safetyaccessories111213141516171MPa=1000KPa=1000000Pa1bar=0.1MPa1标准大气压=0.1MPa=760mmHG水银柱1standardat