专业英语词汇整理

能源与动力工程专业英语词汇整理（Chapter1~5）1.1Thermodynamicsthermodynamics热力学condensor冷凝器heatengine热机evaporator蒸发器heatpump热泵controlvolume(CV）控制体积entropy熵refrigerant制冷剂enthalpy焓saturated饱和的HVAC(HeatingVentilatingAirConditioning)供暖通风空调1.2HeatTransferFourier'sLaw傅立叶定律heat-transfercoefficient传热系数evaporator蒸发器refraction折射thermophysical热物性的absorptivity吸收率Kinematicviscosity动力粘度Cartesiancoordinates笛卡尔坐标系Spectral光谱的thermalconductivity导热系数1.3FluidMechanicsshearforces剪切力eddy涡旋nondimensional无量纲的viscosity黏度Frictionalforces摩擦力Inertiaforces惯性力inviscid无黏性pressurelosses压力损失laminarflow层流hydraulicdiameter水力直径2.1AShortHistoryofCombustionTheoryphlogistion可燃质，可燃素specificheat比热carbonmonoxide一氧化碳flamepropagation火焰传播methane甲烷，沼气laminarflame层流火焰BunsenBurner本生燃烧器activationenergy活化能calorimeter量热器（计）universalgasconstant通用气体常数NASA（美国）国家航空航天局freeradical自由基团academician院士，会员preclude预防，排除，阻（妨）碍2.2FossilFuelsresidualoil残（渣）油anthracite无烟煤coke-ovengas焦炉气bituminous烟煤lignin本（质）素，本质subbituminous次烟煤lignite褐煤flashpoint闪点peat泥煤chromatography色谱（分离）法，色谱（学）fixedcarbon固定碳strata(stratum的复数）（地，岩，阶）层vegetation植物（被），（植物）生长hermetically密封着地，气密coalification煤化（过程）2.3MethodsofBurningSolidFuelscarrierair输送（携带）空气circulatingfluidizedbed循环流化床pulverizedfuel粉状燃料，煤粉scrubbingsystem（烟气）洗涤（除尘）系统fixedgrate固定炉排aperture孔，洞，口，嘴bubblingtypeoffluidizedbed鼓泡流化床biasingofairflow偏置流动，流量偏置stokerfiring火床燃烧，层状燃烧entrained-flow拽（携）带流vortex涡流calcine焙烧，煅烧soot-blowing吹灰inventory清单，报表；设备，机器；资源limestone石灰石sulfurdioxide二氧化硫2.4TheFormationandControlofNoxDuringCombustionphotochemical光化学（作用）的turbulence湍流smog烟雾fuel-rich燃料富有的，富燃的collectivelyreferredtoas统称为fuel-lean燃料贫乏的，贫燃的bench-scale实验室（规模）的fuel-boundoxygen燃料（结合的）氧promptNO快速NOfuel-boundnitrogen燃料（结合的）氮thermalNOx热力NOxdevolatilization析出，释放出fuelNOx燃料NOx3.1Fossil-FuelPowerPlantCarnotcycle卡诺循环pulverized-coal煤粉，粉煤Rankinecycle郎肯循环forced-draft(FD)fan送风机powerplant电厂cycleefficiency循环效率boiler锅炉primaryairfan一次风机steamgenerator锅炉，蒸汽发生器pulverizer磨煤机burner燃烧器stack烟囱fluegas烟气induced-draft(ID)fan引风机electrostaticprecipitator静电除尘器furnace炉膛bagfilterhouse布袋除尘器sootblower吹灰器sulfurdioxidescrubbingsystem脱硫系统airheater空气预热器steamturbine汽轮机reheatcycle再热循环electricgenerator发电机feedwaterheater给水加热器condenser凝气器deaeratingheater除氧器fossil-fuel化石燃料3.2HydroelectricPowerPlanthydropower水电，水力，水动力switchyard高压开关站hydroelectricpowerplant水电站hydraulicturbine水轮机dam水坝drafttube尾水管reservoir水库generator发电机exciter励磁机crane起重机governorsystem调节系统gantrycrane龙门起重机protectivedevice保护装置insulator绝缘子transformer变压器switchingequipment开关设备spillway泄洪道transmissionline输电线penstock水渠angularmomentum角动量powerhouse电站厂房torque力矩surgetank调压室3.3NuclearPowerPlantnuclearpowerplant核电站heavywater重水nuclearfuel核燃料lightwater轻水uranium铀controlrod控制棒fission裂变coolant冷却剂reactor反应堆pressurizedwaterreactor压水反应堆core堆芯primarysystem一次系统pressurevessel压力容器secondarysystem二次系统shielding屏蔽enricheduranium浓缩铀nuclearreaction核反应boilingwaterreactor沸水反应堆fuelrod燃料棒fastbreederreactor快中子增殖反应堆isotope同位素moltensodium融钠neutron中子helium氦plutonium钚gas-cooledreactor气冷反应堆moderator慢化剂pressurizedheavywaterreactor压力重水反应堆graphite石墨3.4CombinedCyclePowerPlantcombinedcycle联合循环dual-cyclesystem双循环系统Braytoncycle布兰登循环gasturbine燃气轮机isentropically等熵steamturbine汽轮机mechanicalwork机械功selectivecatalyticreduction选择性催化还原heat-recoverysteamgenerator余热锅炉integratedgasificationcombinedcycle整体煤气化联合循环thermalefficiency热效率4.1BoilerTypesandApplicationscombustionefficiency燃烧效率steamdrum汽包industrialboiler工业锅炉naturalcirculation自然循环availability可用率controlledcirculation控制循环reliability可靠性once-throughboiler直流锅炉superheater过热器supercriticalboiler超临界压力锅炉reheater再热器subcriticalboiler亚临界压力锅炉economizer省煤器boilerefficiency锅炉效率airheater空气预热器heatbalance热平衡capacity容量heatloss热损失downcomer下降管excessair过量空气riser上升管4.2Furnacemembranewall膜式壁studdedtube销钉管waterwall水冷壁dry-bottomfurnace固态排渣casing炉墙wet-bottomfurnace液态排渣insulation保温flyash飞灰refractory耐火材料heatingsurface受热面slag结渣convectionpass对流烟道erosion腐蚀，侵蚀4.3SuperheaterandReheatersuperheat过热spray-typeattemperator喷水减温器superheater过热器pressuredrop压降overheating超温reheater再热器convectionsuperheater对流过热器parallelflow顺流radiantsuperheater辐射过热器counterflow逆流seamlesstubes无缝钢管fluegasbypass烟气旁通handholecap手孔盖fluegasrecirculation烟气再循环desuperheater(orattemperator)减温器tiltingburner摆动式燃烧器4.4EconomizerandAirheaterairpreheater空气预热器thermocouple热电偶exitfluegastemperature排烟温度aciddewpoint酸露点tubularairpreheater回转式空气预热器waterdewpoint水露点header联箱steamcoilairheater蒸汽盘管式空气预热器（暖风器）tubesheet管板5.1PrinciplesofSteamTurbinesteamturbine汽轮机throttlingloss节流损失thermalenergy热能stageefficiency级效率mechanicalwork机械功internalefficiency内效率nozzle喷嘴isentropic等熵kineticenergy动能availableenergy可用能blade叶片reheatfactor再热系数rotor转子stopvalve截止阀shaft轴controlvalve控制阀impulse冲动式exhausthood排气罩reaction反动式piping管道stage级valve-stem阀杆pressuredrop压降shaft-endpacking轴端汽封2-rowstage双列级bearing轴承multistage多级oil-pump油泵5.2Gas-Turbineinternalcombustionengine内燃机propeller推进者，推进物，螺旋推进器piston活塞turbo-propengine涡轮螺旋桨发动机reciprocatingengine往复式发动机gear-box变速箱supercharger增压器jetengine喷气发动机aircraft航天器aero-engine飞机引擎，航空发动机propulsion推进，推进力altitude海拔高度locomotive机车，火车头afterburner喷射引擎等的加力燃烧室aircompressor空气压缩机turbofanengine涡扇发动机combustionchamber燃烧室dieselengine柴油机turbinewheel涡轮5.3HydraulicTurbinerunner转轮propeller推进器Kaplanturbine卡普兰（轴流转浆式）透平pitchangle桨距角tailwater尾水ru