黄金卷4-2023年高考英语模拟卷(江苏卷)(解析版)

【赢在高考・黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（江苏卷）04

（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题

卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选

出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatcolorofshoesdoesthewomansuggestthemanwear?

A.Blue.B.White.C.Black.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Mom,Ineedawhiteshirtandblackshoesforthesingingcontestatschool.

W:Dotheshoesneedtobeblack?Youcanwearyourblueshoes.Ithinkbluematcheswhite

thebest.

2.Whatdoesthemanusuallyhaveatthatrestaurant?

A.Soup.B.Salad.C.Pizza.

【答案】C

［原文］W:Iusedtoreallylikethatrestaurant,butonceIfoundhairinmysoupandsalad.

M:Ohwow.IusuallyhavepizzawhenIgothere.Andyeah,sometimeshairfallsintofood.It

happens.

3.Whydidn'tthewomanfinishwatchingthemovie?

A.Shefellasleep.

B.Shehadaphonecall.

C.Shehadtofinishherhomework.

【答案】A

【原文】M:DidyouseethenewmovieonTVlastnight?

W:Well,mysisterphonedtotellmeaboutit,andIstartedwatchingitafterIfinishedmy

homework.ButthenIfellasleepandmissedtheending.

4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?

A.Themanismistakingherforsomeoneelse.

B.Someonehastoldherthenews.

C.Shefeelsproudofherself.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Congratulations!Yougotthehighestgradeinthewholeclass.Youmusthave

beenworkinghardforalongtime.

W:Youmustbethinkingofsomeoneelse.I'mstillwaitingformygrades.

5.Whatdoestheboysuggestdoing?

A.Headingforthecircus.

B.Playingwithsmallanimals.

C.Goingtothefarm.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Wouldyouliketogowithmetothecircus?Iwanttotrainandplaywithanimals.

M:Whythecircus?Let'sgotoafarmandbecomeacowboyandacowgirl.

W:Yeah,1neverthoughtofthat!Cowsarecute,too!

第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C

三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5

秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutswimming?

A.Itcalmshimdown.

B.Hegetsboredwithit.

C.It'shisfavoritesport.

7.Whatdoesthemanwantlobeinthefuture?

A.Anartist.B.Anathlete.C.Anarchitect.

【答案】6.B7.C

［原文］W:Doyouthinkyouwilljointheswimteamthisyear?

M:Tmnotsure.Iwasswimmingalllastsummeratschool.ButI'mtiredofit.

W:Butyouarethebestswimmerinourschool.

M:Tmnotthatgood.Infact,Imuchpreferdrawing.Itcalmsmedown.

W:Oh,Ididn'treallyknowthat.Isdrawingwhatyouwanttodoafteryougraduate?

M:Well,Ihavetobereallygoodtosurviveasanartist.IthinkIcoulddesignbuildings.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Wherearethespeakers?

A.Ataswimmingpool.B.InaTVstudio.C.Inaschool.

9.Whenistheman'snextcompetition?

A.Ineightdays.B.Intendays.C.Intwoweeks.

10.Whatisthewomandoing?

A.Interviewinganathlete.B.Hostingasportsevent.C.Coachingateam.

【答案】8.B9.C10.A

［原文］W:David,thankyouforcominginforouryouthsportsprogramhereatourstudio.

You'vebeencalledthenation'sbestswimmerbysomecoachesandprofessionals.Howdo

youfeelaboutthistitle?

M:That'sverykind.Forme,I'mjustdoingwhatIlove.AndI'msogratefulforallthe

support.

W:We'regladtohearthat.Now,couldyoutellusaboutyourupcomingfinalraceandplans

aftergraduatingthisJune?

M:rilbepracticingeverydayforthenexttendaysbeforemyraceintwoweeks.I'm

lookingforwardtoshowingeveryonemyskillandeffort!Andnextyear,I'llbejoiningYale

University'sswimteam.

W:Weloveyourattitude,David.Beforeweinterviewournextguest,canyoutellusmore

aboutyourinspirations?

M:Besidesfamilymembers,mybiggestheroisMichaelPhelps.Heshockedtheworldby

winningeightgoldmedalsatthe2008BeijingOlympics.

W:WehopetoseeyouintheOlympicsonedaytoo.Thanks,David.Next,we'llhearfroma

localfootballstar.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Wherewillthepartybeheld?

A.Atahotel.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atthewoman'shouse.

12.Whenisthewoman'sbirthday?

A.OnSaturday.B.OnThursday.C.OnTuesday.

13.Whatpresentdoesthewomanwishtohaveforherbirthday?

A.Acar.B.Awatch.C.Apieceofjewelry.

【答案】11.A12.C13.A

［原文】W:Mybirthdayisthisweek.Pmsoexcited!MyparentswillcalltheBlueStarHotel

tomorrowtoconfirmmyparty.It'sthebiggesthotelintown!

M:Oh,that'sexciting.Ididn'trealizeitwasthatclose.Whatdayisyourbirthdayonexactly?

W:It'sonTuesday,butwewillhavethepartyonSaturday.Lastyear,myparentsgotmea

watchasapresent.IrememberitwasonThursdayandweateoutinaThairestaurant.

Wonderwhattheywillbuymethisyear.

M:Well,youwillbeeighteen.Maybeyouwillgetanewcar,oranexpensivepieceof

jewelry.

W:Iwouldlovetogetanewcar!Then,IcouldtakeroadtripswithyouandAlice.

M:Doyouknowwhoyouwillinvitetotheparty?

W:Ohyes,Ialreadymadealist.

听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。

14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Friends.B.Colleagues.C.Schoolmates.

15.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthechange?

A.Confused.B.Disappointed.C.Satisfied.

16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

A.Attendconcerts.B.Gotoartgalleries.C.Visitsciencemuseums.

17.Whatkindofmusicdoesthemanlikemost?

A.Jazz.B.Classical.C.Country.

【答案】14.B15.C16.B17.A

【原文】M:Hi.Youmustbethenewperson.

W:Yeah,that'sright.IjuststartedonMonday.

M:So,howdoyoulikeilhere?

W:It'sgreat.Everybody'sbeensonicetome.Ifsanicechangefrommylastjob.

M:Oh?Wheredidyouworkbefore?

W:IworkedatDeltaCommunications.It'sinasmalltown,closetoChicago.

M:AreyoufromChicagooriginally?

W:Yes,Iam.Myfamilystilllivesthere,inthecountry.HaveyoueverbeentoChicago?

M:No,Ihaven't.ButI'veheardtherearesomegreatmuseumsthere.

W:Yes,thereare.Theartmuseumsarewonderful.Iusedtogoallthetime.

M:Well,therearesomegreatartgallerieshere.Youshouldvisitthemwhenyouhavea

chance.

W:Great!Idefinitelywill.Areyouinterestedinart,too?

M:Yes,Ilikegoingtomuseums.ButI'mevenmoreinterestedinmusic,especiallyjazz.I

lovegoingtoconcerts.

W:Really?SodoI!Iloveclassicalmusic,too.Howaboutyou?

M:Well,justso-so.

听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。

18.Whatisthespeaker'snationality?

A.American.B.Australian.C.Chinese.

19.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttogetinvolvedin?

A.Thestudents9livesoutsideclass.

B.Thestudents,socialexperience.

C.Thearrangementinclassteaching.

20.Whatinspirationdoesthespeakergetfromtheexperience?

A.MakingmoreChinesefriends.

B.UnderstandingChineseculture.

C.Doingbetterathisteaching.

【答案】18.B19.A20.C

【原文】M:I'manAustralianteachingEnglishatapublicschoolinChina.Sometimesmy

colleagueGeorgefromAmericaandIfeellikeweshouldgetinvolvedinstudents*lives

outsidetheirclassatschool.Idecidedtochallengethat.

Onceaweek,I'vebeenvolunteeringfortheschoofsfootballclub.Everyonegetssomething

outofthis:Igettolearnfootball,thestudentsgettopracticetheirEnglishandinteractwitha

foreigneroutsideoftheclassroom,andinterculturalconnectionsaremade.Itonlylakesan

hourandahalfoutofmyweek,butIcanseeadifferenceinthestudentswhenIenterthe

classroom.They?regenuinelyhappytohavemethere,they'remoreinterestedinwhat

happensintherestoftheworld,andthey'remakinglifelongmemorieswithme.Seeingthis

changehasalsohelpedmeenjoymyjobmoreandinspiresmetobeevenbetteratwhatIdo.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

LonelyPlanefsMiddleEastisyourpassporttothemostrelevant,up-to-dateadviceon

whattoseeandskip,andwhathiddendiscoveriesawaityou.WanderatthemightyPyramids

ofGiza,thelastsurvivingancientwonder;watchthesunsetoverthemagicofPetra;and

exploretree-linedavenueanddelicatemosques（清真寺）inEsfahan,Iran.Allwithyour

trustedtravelcompanion.GettotheheartofMiddleEastandbeginyourjourneynow!

InsideLonelyPlanet'sMiddleEast:

•Colourmapsandimagesthroughout

•Insidertipstosavetimeandmoneyandgetaroundlikealocal,avoidingcrowdsand

troublespots

•Essentialinfoatyourfingertips—hoursofoperation,phonenumbers,websites,

transittips,prices

•Honestreviewsforallbudgets—eating,sleeping,sightseeing,goingout,shopping,

hiddengems（精品）hatmostguidebooksmiss

•Culturalinsightsprovidearicher,morerewardingtravelexperience—covering

history,people,music,landscapes,wildlife,cuisine,politics

CoverageIncludes:Egypt,Iraq,Israel,thePalestinianTerritories,Jordan,Lebanon,

Syria,Turkey

BookDetails

ISBN:9781786570710

Writers:AnthonyHam,PaulClammer,OrlandoCrowcroft,MarkElliott,AnitaIsalska,

JessicaLee,VirginiaMaxwell,SimonRichmond,DanielRobinson,AnthonySattin,Dan

SaveryRaz,AndySymington,JennyWalker,SteveWaters

608pages,256ppcolor,90maps|Dimensions:128mmx197mm

Nexteditiondue:Dec2024

21.WhatinformationcanreadersgetfromLonelyPlanet'sMiddleEast?

A.Black-and-whitemaps.B.Recommendationofpopularguidebooks.

C.Famouswriters'culturalinsights.D.Reviewsforallbudgets.

22.WhatplacesdoesLonelyPlanet'sMiddleEastcover?

A.JordanandSyria.B.LebanonandFrance.

C.TurkeyandJapan.D.IsraelandNorway.

23.What'sthepurposeofthetext?

A.TointroducesomefamousattractionsinMiddleEast.

B.ToappealtoustotraveltoMiddleEast.

C.TorecommendabooknamedMiddleEast.

D.TostresstheimportanceoftravelinginMiddleEast.

【答案】21.D22.A23.C

【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了这本书的一些具体信息。

21.细节理解题。InsideLonelyPlanet'sMiddleEast这一部分中第四点“Honestreviewsfor

allbudgets—eating,sleeping,sightseeing,goingout,shopping,hiddengems（精品）hat

mostguidebooksmiss（对所有预算的诚实评论吃饭、睡觉、观光、外出、购物、大

多数指南书都遗漏的隐藏的精品）“可知，MiddleEast这本书可以给读者提供前往中东的

预算信息。故选D。

22.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第六段“CoverageIncludes:Egypt,Iraq,Israel,the

PalestinianTerritories,Jordan,Lebanon,Syria,Turkey（覆盖范围包括：埃及，伊拉克，以

色列，巴勒斯坦领土，约旦，黎巴嫩，叙利亚，土耳其）”可知，这本书包括约旦和叙利

亚。故选A。

23.推理判断题。根据文章第一句“LonelyPlanefsMiddleEastisyourpassporttothemost

relevant,up-to-dateadviceonwhattoseeandskip,andwhathiddendiscoveriesawait

you（LonelyPlanefsMidd/eEa”是您获取最相关、最新建议的通行证，为你提供最相关、

最新的建议，告诉你该看什么、不看什么，以及有什么隐藏的发现等着你户可推知，本

文是在介绍Middle版“这本书。故选Co

AflightlastmonthbetweenCampinasandSaoJosedoRioPretoinsouthernBrazil

becamethesceneofaspontaneousactofkindnessthatspreadonsocialmedianetworks.

AccordingtothewebsiteAeroinnet,apassengernamedSirlandiaDiasPereirawas

travelingwithhersonCaleb,whosufferedfromheartfailureandhadaheartmurmur.During

theflightshetoldthepassengernexttoher,AlexPontes,thatshewastravelingsoherson

couldbehospitalized.Shealsoexplainedthatshewasrelyingonthecharityofothersfor

livingquarters.

Thepassengertalkedtothecrewoftheairlineandaskedtousetheairplane's

loudspeaker,invitingtheothertravelerstocontributetoaspontaneouscollectiontohelpthe

motherandherson.UA11ofuswouldliketofindanangeltohelpus.Thoseofuswhofeel

movedtodoso,lefshelpthismothertotakealittlesomethingwithher,alittlesomethingwe

haveandcanshare.,,hesaid.

Inamatterofminutes,passengersofferedatotalworthnear$400whichgoesalot

furtherinBrazilthanintheUSA,plusapplauseforthemother,whowasthrilledwiththehelp

andrepeatedlyexpressedhergratitudetothepassengers.

Thesitethatfirstsharedthestorylaterupdatedthearticle,addingthatCalebwent

throughsurgeryandwasrecoveringwell.ThewebsiteRazoesParaAcreditarreportedthatthe

storycaughttheattentionofBrazilinTVpersonalityLucianoHuck,whostartedacrowd

fundingcampaigntohelpthefamily.

Thisstoryjustgoestoshowthatakindactcangoalongwaytowardsmakingan

importantdifferenceinsomeone'slife.Therearepeopleinneedallaroundus.Let'snotlet

thesechancestohelpotherspassusby!

24.Whywasthemothertraveling?

A.TogethersicksontreatedB.Tolookforlivingquarters

C.TochangeforabetterlifeD.Topickuphersonfromhospital

25.WhatdidAlexPontesdoforthemotherontheplane?

A.Hegaveher$400byhimselfB.Hecalledfordonationforher

C.HehelpedherfindahospitalD.Hehelpedherattendtoherson

26.WhydidLaucianoHuckdecidetohelpthemotherandherson?

A.Hewasoneofthewitnessesontheplane.

B.Hewantedtomakethemwell-known.

C.Hewasinspiredbythespontaneousact.

D.Hewasaskedtoofferassistancebythem.

27.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tospeakhighlyofakindpassenger.B.Toaskustocommunicatewithothers.

C.Toshowtheimportanceoffirstaid.D.Toencourageustohelpthoseinneed.

【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.D

【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。一位名叫SirlandiaDiasPereira的乘客和她的儿子Caleb

•起旅行，Caleb患有心力衰竭和心脏杂音。一位乘客得知了他们的情况，在K机上呼

吁为那位母亲捐款。故事被发布到了网上，鼓舞了其他人进行募捐活动。

24.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Duringtheflightshetoldthepassengernexttoher,Alex

Pontes,thatshewastravelingsohersoncouldbehospitalized」在飞行过程中,她告诉旁边

的乘客亚历克斯・庞特斯，她旅行是为了让儿子住院户可知，母亲旅行是为了让她生病的

儿子得到治疗"故选A。

25.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Thepassengertalkedtothecrewoftheairlineandaskedto

usetheairplane'sloudspeaker,invitingtheothertravelerstocontributetoaspontaneous

collectiontohelpthemotherandherson.（这名乘客与航空公司的机组人员交谈，并要求使

用飞机上的扬声器，并邀请其他乘客自发捐款来帮助这对母子广可知，亚历克斯・庞特斯

在飞机上呼吁为那位母亲捐款。故选B。

26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“ThewebsiteRazoesParaAcreditarreportedthatthe

storycaughttheattentionofBrazilinTVpersonalityLucianoHuck,whostartedacrowd

fundingcampaigntohelpthefamily」据巴西RazoesParaAcreditar网站报道，这个故事引

起了巴西电视名人卢西亚诺・哈克的注意，他发起了一场众筹活动来帮助这家人）”可知I,

哈克决定帮助这对母子是因为他被自发的行为所鼓舞。故选C。

27.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Thisstoryjustgoestoshowthatakindactcangoalong

waytowardsmakinganimportantdifferenceinsomeone'slife.Therearepeopleinneedall

aroundus.Let'snotletthesechancestohelpotherspassusby!（这个故事只是告诉我们，一

个善良的行为可以让一个人的生活发生很大的变化。我们周围有很多需要帮助的人。让

我们不要让这些帮助他人的机会从我们身边溜走！户可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目

的是鼓励我们去帮助那些有需要的人。故选Do

C

What'syourfavoriteinsect?It'sanoddquestionthatmanypeoplemaynotbeableto

answer.ButUAHonorsCollegestudentMattVelazquezcertainlycan.Antshavealways

fascinatedhim.Helovesstudyingtheirbehavioralmostasmuchashelovesfilmmaking.

Velazquezhasalreadycompletedonedocumentaryfilm,"LazyAnts”,whichdocuments

researchoninactivityinants.ThefilmrecentlyachievedfirstplaceatTheScientific

ResearchSocietycompetition.

ThenVelazqueznoticedthatacolony（群）ofantscalledtrap-jawantsoccasionallymake

mysteriousbuzzingsounds,whichhesetouttoexplore.

"It'sveryrareintheanimalkingdomfbrorganismstohelpotherorganisms,especially

ininsects,“Velazquezexplained.utIwantedtofindouttheroleofsoundcommunicationina

colonyoftrap-jawants.Wouldtheseantshelpotherworkerstrappedinthedirtusingsound

signals?WouldanantfromColonyArescueanantfromColonyB,orwoulditonlyhelpants

fromitsowncolony?^^

Velazquezstartedbycollectingasampleoftheantsandanalyzingsoundbitestosee

howoftenthebuzzingoccurred.

Hethencolor-codedantsfromdifferentcoloniesandburiedtheworkersindifferent

layersofdirt.Thegoalwastoseehowfardownthenoisewouldtravel,andiftheantswould

understandthesoundfromdifferentcolonies.

Itturnsout,Velazquezhasdiscoveredthattheseantscommunicateatafrequencyinthe

ultrasonic（超声波的）range,whichissimnilartobats.Heiscurrentlyintheprocessof

buildingamicrophonesensitiveenoughtopickupthesetinyinsectcallsandalsobeableto

pickuptheultrasonicfrequencies.

Whenaskedwhatadvicehehasforincomingstudentswhoareunsureaboutgetting

involvedinresearch,VelazquezrecommendedtheHonorsCollegeFirstYearProject.

“It'sanawesomewaytoseeifyouevenlikethefieldofresearch,hesaid."It's

definitelyworthyourtimetopotentiallydiscoversomethingnewaboutyourself.^^

28.WhatisthefilmmadebyVelazquezmainlyabout?

A.Differentantcolonies.

B.Antsthathelpeachother.

C.Antsthatdon'tdoactivetasks.

D.Soundcommunicationbetweenants.

29.WhatdidVelazquezintendtofindoutwiththeantshecollected?

A.Howtheyworkedwithotherants.

B.Whatotherantstheywouldhelp.

C.Whentheywouldhelpotherants.

D.Howoftentheyreceivedsoundsignals.

30.WhydidVelazquezcolor-codetheants?

A.Toburytheworkersinthedirt.

B.Toseehowfarantswouldtravel.

C.Torecordinteractionbetweencolonies.

D.Toidentifyantsfromdifferentcolonies.

31.WhatdoesVelazquezsayaboutaresearchproject?

A.Itcontributesmuchtoyourstudies.

B.Ithelpstorecognizeyourpotentialability.

C.Youmaylearnalotofnewthingsfromit.

D.Youwillhavetospendalotoftimeonit.

【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是昆虫爱好者Velazquez热衷于蚂蚁研究，并且完

成了一部纪录片的拍摄，并开始探索一群被称为“陷阱颗蚁”发出的神秘的嗡嗡声，并指

出参加“theHonorsCollegeFirstYearProject”这-一项目能识别你自己在研究领域的潜能。

28.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Velazquezhasalreadycompletedonedocumentaryfilm,

“LazyAnts”,whichdocumentsresearchoninactivityinants.（Velazquez已经完成了一部必己

录片“懒蚂蚁”，记录了对蚂蚁不活动的研究。）“可知，这部纪录片讲述的是对这群蚂蚁

的不活跃的行为进行的研究。故选C项。

29.推理判断题。根据第四段中的‘"'It'sveryrareintheanimalkingdomfororganismsto

helpotherorganisms,especiallyininsects,"Velazquezexplained.（"在动物王国中，生物体帮

助其他生物是非常罕见的，尤其是在昆虫中，“Velazquez解释说。户可知，生物体帮助

其它生物体是很难见的事情，所以Velazquez要一探究竟，根据下文中的一系列问题

“Wouldtheseantshelpotherworkerstrappedinthedirtusingsoundsignals?Wouldanant

fromColonyArescueanantfromColonyB,orwoulditonlyhelpantsfromitsown

colony?（这些蚂蚁会用声音信号帮助其他被困在泥土中的工蚁吗？来自蚁群A的蚂蚁会

拯救来自蚁群B的一只蚂蚁，还是只会帮助来自自己蚁群的蚂蚁？”广可知，Velazquez

想要用它收集来的这些蚂蚁研究这些蚂蚊会帮助其他什么蚂蚁。故选B项。

30.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Thegoalwastoseehowfardownthenoisewould

travel,andiftheantswouldunderstandthesoundfromdifferentcolonies/目标是看看噪音

会传播多远，以及蚂蚁是否能理解来自不同蚁群的声音。）”可知，Velazquez为了判断声

音传多远，需要给蚂蚁涂上颜色区别来自不同蚁群的蚂蚁，这样才能判断声音传送的距

离。故选D项。

31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“"It'sanawesomewaytoseeifyouevenlikethefield

ofresearch,"hesaid."It'sdefinitelyworthyourtimetopotentiallydiscoversomethingnew

aboutyourself."（“这是一个很棒的方法，看看你是否喜欢这个研究领域，''他说。"绝对

值得你花时间去发现一些关于自己的新东西。可知，这项研究项目“theHonorsCollege

FirstYearProject”可以识别你是否喜欢研究这一领域，值得花时间去挖掘自己的潜能。

故选B项。

D

ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelationsAct2000

(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissals

mustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.

Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom

"unjustifieddismissals^^.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficient

protectionfbrworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedays

whenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.

Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaid

managersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constraining

firmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboosting

productivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagers

mayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthe

jobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifya

dismissal.

Consequentlyandparadoxicallylawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkers

maybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.

Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusiness

ownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirm

productivityandthereforeonworkers'wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveon

NewZealand'sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthe

lowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry'spoorproductivitygrowth

record.

NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA'S

unjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofire

anemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderfbr

themarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrythe

burdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.

Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissal

regulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverall

well-being.

AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxby

excludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold"fromtheprotection

ofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers5Billtriedtopermit

firmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.

However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowing

thechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.

32.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.

A.disciplinedubiouscorporatepracticesB.promotetraditionalhiringprocedures

C.regulatetheprivilegesoftheemployersD.safeguardtherightsofordinaryworkers

33.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay.

A.hinderbusinessdevelopmentB.justifymanagers5authority

C.affectthepublicimageofthefirmsD.worsenlabor-managementrelations

34.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.ERA'Ssensibleapproachcorrespondswiththeinternationaltrendofdemocracy.

B.Thesocietywillseeariseinwell-beingwiththeERA'Sprocedurescarriedout.

C.Non-proficientmanagerialcapabilitiesmakeemployeessufferfromsalarycuts.

D.High-incomethresholdinAustraliaisrelativelybeneficialtobusinessowners.

35.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepersonalgrievanceprovisionsissuedbyERA?

A.AppreciativeB.SkepticalC.OptimisticD.Contradictory

【答案】32.D33.A34.D35.B

【解析】本文是•篇议论文。作者针对新西兰《雇佣关系法》的个人申诉条款禁止雇主

没有正当理由的情况下解雇员工的条款发表个人观点，他认为这一条款有利于保护普通

工人的利益，但是对企业和社会的发展也带来一定的阻碍作用。

32.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguard

thejobsofordinaryworkersfrom"unjustifieddismissals.”（个人申诉程序旨在保护普通工

人的工作不受“不正当解雇”的影响。）可知，个人申诉程序的目的是保护普通工人的权

益。故选D项。

33.推理判断题。根据第三段“Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhen

appliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessowners

willattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisa

handbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperfbrmance."（但是当这些规定适用于高新

经理和高管时，会给企业带来困难。正如无数的董事会和企业主将证明的那样，限制公

司解雇表现不佳，收入高的经理是提高生产率和整体业绩的一种阻碍。）可知，由于雇

佣关系法的保护企业很难辞退业绩平庸的高管和经理，这就给企业的发展带来困难。故

选A项。

34.推理判断题。根据最后一段"AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustified

dismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”

fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.*9（在塔斯曼海对岸，澳大利亚应对不正当

解雇谬论的方法，是将收入超过特定“高收入门槛”的雇员排除在其不公平解雇法的保护

之外。）可知，澳大利亚的企业主不接受雇佣关系法对高收入雇员的保护，推断出澳大

利亚的高收入门槛对企业主相对有利。故选D项。

35.推理判断题°根据第三段第一句"Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesses

whenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.’’（但是当这些规定适用于高薪经理和

高管时，会给企业带来困难。）和第七段“Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemployment

protections”（社会也遭受了过度就业保护带来的困难。）可推知，作者对于新西兰《雇

佣关系法》的个人申诉条款所能带对于社会和企业的利益持有怀疑态度。故选B项。

第二节（共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多

余选项。

Thet4WHOQuitTobaccoApp”isthelatesttobaccocontrolinitiative（倡议）bytheWHO

South-EastAsiaRegion.ItwasstartedduringWHO'syear-long“Committoquifcampaign.

36

DrPoonamKhetrapalSingh,RegionalDirector,WHOSouth-EastAsiaRegionsaidthat

tobaccoisdeadlyineveryformandthatnewapproachessuchasthe“QuitTobaccoApp”are

muchneededtosupportpeopletogiveuptobacco.37However,theyareunableto

quitforvariousreasons.

Everyyear,tobacco,whichistheworld'sleadingcauseofpreventabledeath,killsnearly

eightmillionpersons.IntheWHOSouth-EastAsiaRegion,tobaccoclaims6