安徽省部分学校2023-2024学年高三下学期春季阶段性检测英语试题

安徽省普通高中高三春季阶段性检测英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutthesuit?A.Itssize.B.Itscolor.C.Itsstyle.2.Whatwilltheweatherbelikeintheafternoon?A.Windy.B.Rainy.C.Sunny.3.Wheredidthemanhurthisfinger?A.Inthekitchen.B.Inthegarden.C.Inthepetition.4.Whathappenedtothemanlastweek?A.Hemovedhouse.B.Hewasawayonbusiness.C.Helosthisphone.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theman’ssalary.B.Theman’sperformance.C.Theman’spany.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whoisthemantryingtocall?A.TomWhite.B.DavidWhite.C.DavidSmith.7.Whatwillthemanmostprobablydonext?A.Meetafriend.B.Checkthenumber.C.Leaveamessage.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodowiththebooks?A.Donatethemtothoseinneed.B.Sellthemtootherstudents.C.Keepthemforfutureuse.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthebooks?A.Theyarestilluseful.B.They’retooexpensive.C.They’reingoodcondition.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Howmuchisthesecondmealoptionperweek?A.£70.B.Ƶ90.C.£80.11.Whichoptiondoesthemanchoose?A.LuxuryMeals.B.FamilyMeals.C.MealsforTwo.12.Whenwillthemanreceivehisfirstdelivery?A.OnTuesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistheplanforchangestothecitycentreabout?A.Tochangebusesinthecitycentre.B.Tobancarsfromthecitycentre.C.Tokeepbikesoutofthecitycentre.14.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardstheplan?A.Supportive.B.Uncertain.C.Disapproving.15.Whathappenedinthetownwhereatrialwasdone?A.Theshopsalesweredown.B.Theairqualityimproved.C.Trafficconditionsgotbetter.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkthegovernmentshoulddo?A.Improvepublictransport.B.Promotecleanenergy.C.Lowertransportfees.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisknownabouttheexploration?A.120pupilsjoinedinit.B.Itlastedforthreedays.C.ItoccurredinNovember.18.Whathappenedtotheexplorationteamonthefirstday?A.Theygottothefirstcampsitelate.B.Theycookedtheirfoodbeforedark.C.Theysetuptheirtentsbefore7pm.19.Whendidthegroupsgettotheirsecondcampsite?A.After7pm.B.Before3pm.C.Before4pm.20.Howdidpupilsfindtheirlastdayoftheexploration?A.Adventurous.B.Enjoyable.C.Tiring.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AMultiCityVacationSaleRouteⅠ:Dublin&EdinburghIrelandandScotlandmaybeclose,butthetwocountriescouldn’tbemoredifferent.FromcosmopolitanDublintohistoricEdinburgh,experiencethebestoftwocapitalcitiesonthis6or8nightextravaganza(狂欢)!SeeancienttextsatTrinityCollege,climbupthehillofEdinburghCastle,andofcoursetastesomeofthebestbeerontheplanet.RouteⅡ:Lisbon,Seville&MadridThisexciting8nightadventurewillintroduceyoutothefascinatingcitiesoftheIberianPeninsula,includingseveralUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.RouteⅢ:CentralEuropeClassic:Budapest,Vienna&PragueExperiencethreeofCentralEurope’smostbeautifulcitiesonthis6nightvacation.SeethetwodifferentsidesofBudapest,andhavealookatthepalacesinVienna.RouteⅣ:Ireland&ScotlandSpend10,12or14nightstravelingacrossIrelandandScotland.Stayinfortablebed,havebreakfastsandexplorecities,thecountrysideandcoastinyourowncar.ThisCelticadventureistotallyuptoyou!ROUTESPRICE*PERPERSONDublin&Edinburgh$1,322→$1,222Lisbon,Seville&Madrid$1,378→$1,278CentralEuropeClassic:Budapest,Vienna&Prague$1,499→$1,399Ireland&Scotland$1,568→$1,468*Vacationisroundtrip,perperson,basedon2travelersfromJohnFKennedyIntl(JFK).Includesairfare&airporttaxes,hotels,carrental,departuretransfer,toursanddailybreakfast.*$100offperpersonbefore02/28/2024.1.Whichrouteallowsyoutoenjoysomeoftheworld’swellknownbeer?A.RouteⅠ. B.RouteⅡ. C.RouteⅢ. D.RouteⅣ.2.WhatmakesRouteIVdifferentfromtheothers?A.TravellingacrossIreland. B.Exploringdifferentcities.C.Adventuringinyourownvehicle. D.KnowingmoreaboutUNESCO.3.Whatdotherouteshaveinmon?A.Thetravellerscanchoosehowlongtostay.B.Thetravellerscanenjoyadiscountbeforeacertaindate.C.Thetravellersareofferedallkindsoffood.D.Thetravellershaveaccesstopletelydifferentperformances.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了多城市度假促销的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据RouteⅠ:Dublin&Edinburgh部分“SeeancienttextsatTrinityCollege,climbupthehillofEdinburghCastle,andofcoursetastesomeofthebestbeerontheplanet.(在三一学院看古代文献，爬上爱丁堡城堡的小山，当然还可以品尝一些地球上最好的啤酒)”可知，路线一可以让你品尝到世界上著名的啤酒。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RouteⅢ:CentralEuropeClassic:Budapest,Vienna&Prague部分“Stayinfortablebed,havebreakfastsandexplorecities,thecountrysideandcoastinyourowncar.ThisCelticadventureistotallyuptoyou!(躺在舒适的床上，吃早餐，开着自己的车探索城市、乡村和海岸。这场凯尔特人的冒险完全取决于你！)”可知，路线四与其他路线的不同之处在与可以开着自己的车探险。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“$100offperpersonbefore02/28/2024.(2024年2月28日前每人可享受100美元的折扣)”可知，这些路线的共同之处在与旅行者可以在特定日期前享受折扣。故选B。BKellyMcKernan,a37yearoldartistfromTennessee,isknownforherstrikingpaintingsfeaturingenergeticfemalefigures.However,McKermannowfacesathreat:artificialintelligence(Al).Aboutayearago,shenoticedonlineimagesthatwereremarkablysimilartoherownwork.ShediscoveredthatsomepanieswereusingAIsystemstogeneratesimilarimagesbytrainingsoftwareprogramswithartists’originalworks.McKernanexpressedherdissatisfaction,stating,“Ididnotgivepermissionformynameorartworktobeusedinthisway.”Despitetryingtocontactthesepaniesandrequestingthattheyshouldn’tuseherworkwithoutpermission,shereceivednoresponse.InJanuary,McKernan,alongwithtwootherartistsnamedKarlaOrtizandSarahAndersen,filedalawsuitagainstthreeimagegeneratingpanies,includingStabilityAIandtheonlinegalleryDeviantArt.Theyseektoprotecttheircopyrighted(有版权的)worksandtheircareers,claimingthatAIgeneratedimagesviolate(侵犯)therightsofmillionsofartists.Theyareseekingpensation(赔偿金)andacourtordertopreventAIpaniesfromusingtheirworkswithoutpermission.McKemanexpressedfinancialconcerns,highlightingthatshewasshortof$200forherrentpayment,saying,“Itdoesn’tfeelright.”StabilityAIdeclinedtomentwhenapproachedbytheAssociatedPress.Inacourtfiling,thepanyarguedthattheirprogramgeneratesnewanduniqueimagesusingsimplewordsanddoesnotviolatecopyrights.KarlaOrtiz,whoworksintheentertainmentindustryandhadherworksfeaturedinmoviessuchasGuardiansoftheGalaxyVol.3andJurassicWorld,worriesthatpaniesmayviewartistsascostly.Shequestionswhytheywouldhireartistswhentheycanpay$30permonthforAIgeneratedartwork.McKernansharestheconcern,wonderingifshewillhaveworkinthefuture,stating,“Maybeinayear,Iwon’thaveajobanymore.”ThecasewillbedecidedinSanFrancisco.Inarecentruling,afederaljudgesupportedtheU.S.CopyrightOffice’sdecision—nottogrant(承认)copyrightonAIgeneratedartwork.4.WhatisthechallengefacedbyartistMcKermanaccordingtoparagraph1?A.AIproducingworkssimilartohers.B.Decliningartmarketallovertheworld.C.Financialconcernsduringthehardtime.DDifficultyfindinginspirationforherpaintings.5.HowdidStabilityAIdefendthemselves?A.Theypromisedtomakeanapologyontheirwebsite.B.Theyclaimedthatartistswerepensatedfortheirartwork.C.Theyarguedthattheydidnotuseartists’workswithoutpermission.D.TheyadmittedusingAItogenerateimagesbutdeniedviolationofcopyright.6.WhatcanbelearntaboutAIgeneratedartworkaccordingtothefederaljudge?A.Itrepresentstheprogressinartcreation.B.Copyrightshouldnotbegrantedtoit.C.Itshouldbemonitoredbythegovernment.D.Thedecisiononitscopyrighthasn’tbeenreached.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ArtistsDisapprovetheUseofAIinArtCreationB.ArtistsPromisetopetewithAIinCreationC.ArtistsFightBackAgainstAIUsingTheirWorksD.ArtistsSayNotoAIGeneratedArtwork【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了艺术家KellyMcKernan和其他两位艺术家针对AI公司侵犯版权的诉讼。他们发现AI系统生成的图像与他们的作品相似，他们对此感到不满，并寻求赔偿和要求法院禁止未经许可使用其作品。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“However,McKermannowfacesathreat:artificialintelligence(Al).Aboutayearago,shenoticedonlineimagesthatwereremarkablysimilartoherownwork.ShediscoveredthatsomepanieswereusingAIsystemstogeneratesimilarimagesbytrainingsoftwareprogramswithartists’originalworks.(然而，麦克尔曼现在面临着一个威胁：人工智能。大约一年前，她注意到网上的图片与她自己的作品非常相似。她发现，一些公司正在使用人工智能系统，通过训练软件程序和艺术家的原创作品来生成类似的图像)”可知，艺术家McKerman面临的挑战是人工智能制作了与她的画作相似的作品。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“StabilityAIdeclinedtomentwhenapproachedbytheAssociatedPress.Inacourtfiling,thepanyarguedthattheirprogramgeneratesnewanduniqueimagesusingsimplewordsanddoesnotviolatecopyrights.(当美联社联系StabilityAI时，该公司拒绝置评。在一份法庭文件中，该公司辩称，他们的程序使用简单的文字生成新的、独特的图像，没有侵犯版权)”可知，StabilityAI承认使用人工智能生成图像，但否认了侵犯版权这一说法。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Inarecentruling,afederaljudgesupportedtheU.S.CopyrightOffice’sdecision—nottogrant(承认)copyrightonAIgeneratedartwork.(在最近的一项裁决中，一名联邦法官支持美国版权局的决定——不授予人工智能生成的艺术品版权)”可知，联邦法官支持美国版权局的决定，认为人工智能生成的艺术品不应被授予版权。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“KellyMcKernan,a37yearoldartistfromTennessee,isknownforherstrikingpaintingsfeaturingenergeticfemalefigures.However,McKermannowfacesathreat:artificialintelligence(Al).Aboutayearago,shenoticedonlineimagesthatwereremarkablysimilartoherownwork.ShediscoveredthatsomepanieswereusingAIsystemstogeneratesimilarimagesbytrainingsoftwareprogramswithartists’originalworks.(来自田纳西州的37岁艺术家凯利·麦克南以描绘精力充沛的女性形象的引人注目的画作而闻名。然而，麦克尔曼现在面临着一个威胁：人工智能。大约一年前，她注意到网上的图片与她自己的作品非常相似。她发现，一些公司正在使用人工智能系统，通过训练软件程序和艺术家的原创作品来生成类似的图像)”和第三段中“InJanuary,McKernan,alongwithtwootherartistsnamedKarlaOrtizandSarahAndersen,filedalawsuitagainstthreeimagegeneratingpanies,includingStabilityAIandtheonlinegalleryDeviantArt.Theyseektoprotecttheircopyrighted(有版权的)worksandtheircareers,claimingthatAIgeneratedimagesviolate(侵犯)therightsofmillionsofartists.(今年1月，麦克南与另外两位艺术家卡拉·奥尔蒂斯和莎拉·安德森一起，对三家图像生成公司提起诉讼，其中包括StabilityAI和在线画廊DeviantArt。他们试图保护他们的版权作品和他们的职业生涯，声称人工智能生成的图像侵犯了数百万艺术家的权利)”可知，文章报道了艺术家KellyMcKernan和其他两位艺术家针对AI公司侵犯版权的诉讼。他们发现AI系统生成的图像与他们的作品相似，他们对此感到不满，并寻求赔偿和要求法院禁止未经许可使用其作品。这是艺术家对人工智能侵权行为的反击。故“ArtistsFightBackAgainstAIUsingTheirWorks(艺术家们反击人工智能使用他们的作品)”是最佳标题。故选C项。CTherecentlyopenedtimecapsuleattheU.S.MilitaryAcademyWestPointhassparkedexcitementandcuriosity.Althoughtheinitialdisappointmentwaspalpablewhentheboxseemedtocontainonlydirt,thediscoveryofhiddentreasureshasreawakenedinterestinthehistoricalsignificanceoftheartifacts.Thetimecapsule,believedtohavebeenplacedbyWestPointmilitarystudents,wasfoundinsidethebaseofamemorialdedicatedtoThaddeusKosciuszko,aRevolutionaryWarhero.Thecontentsofthecapsule,revealedduringaceremonialopeningatthemilitaryschool,includedsixsilverAmericancoinsdatingfrom1795and1828,aswellasamedalmemorating(纪念)theErieCanalfrom1826.Whiletheliveopeningeventdidnotprovidetheexpectedglimpseintohistoricalmilitaryobjectsordocuments,ithasdeepenedthemysterysurroundingthepurposeofthetimecapsule.Thediscoveryofthesevaluablecoinsandmedalsupportsthetheorythattheboxwasburiedbythemilitarystudentssometimebetween1828and1829.Additionalresearchwillbeconductedtoexploreotherpotentialsurpriseswithinthecapsule.Thepreservationandinvestigationofthetimecapsuleholdimmensehistoricalvalue,castinglightonthepastandconnectingthepresentgenerationwiththestoriesandlegacyofthosewhocamebefore.ArcheologistPaulHudson,despitetheinitialletdown,remainsoptimisticabouttheongoingresearchpossibilitiesandthepotentialinsightsawaitingdiscovery.Asexpertsexplorefurtherintotheremainsofthetimecapsule,theyaimtouncoveranyremainingartifactsandgainabetterunderstandingofthetimeperiodandthemotivationsbehindburyingthishistoricaltreasure.Thechallengeliesinpreservingandstudyingthefragilematerials,consideringthepotentialdamagecausedbymoistureandthepassageofnearlytwocenturies.Theexplorationofthistimecapsuleservesasareminderofoursharedhistoryandtheimportanceofpreservingandcelebratingthecontributionsandsacrificesmadebythosewhopavedthewayforfuturegenerations.ThestoryoftheWestPointtimecapsulecontinuestocapturetheimaginationofhistorians,researchers,andthepublic,astheyeagerlyawaitfurtherdiscoveriesandinsightsfromthisextraordinaryfind.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“palpable”inparagraph1mean?A.Apparent. B.Unreasonable. C.Lasting. D.Impossible.9.Whatdoesthediscoveryofthecoinsandmedalconfirmaboutthetimecapsule?A.ItwasplacedtomemoratetheErieCanal.B.ItwasburiedduringtheRevolutionaryWar.C.Itwastreatedwellasagiftfromaforeigncountry.D.Itwaslikelyburiedbymilitarystudentsinthe1800s.10.WhatisPaulHudsonplanningtodonextwiththeremainsofthetimecapsule?A.Donatethemtoamuseum. B.Sellthemtocollectors.C.Burythemagainforfuturegenerations. D.Continuestudyingthemforfurtherinsights.11.Whyispreservingandstudyingthematerialsfromthetimecapsulechallenging?A.Theyaredifficulttoanalyzeduetotheirsmallsize.BTheymayhavebeenseriouslydamagedoverthetwocenturies.C.Theyhadbeenheavilydamagedbeforethecapsulewasburied.D.Thetimecapsulehadbeenplacedinaremoteandinaccessiblelocation.【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国西点军校打开了一个拥有将近两百年历史的时间胶囊，其中包含了一些珍贵的硬币和奖章，这一发现引发了人们对历史的好奇和探索。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“Althoughtheinitialdisappointment(尽管最初的失望)”和下文“whentheboxseemedtocontainonlydirt,thediscoveryofhiddentreasureshasreawakenedinterestinthehistoricalsignificanceoftheartifacts(当盒子里似乎只有泥土时，隐藏的宝藏的发现重新唤起了人们对这些文物历史意义的兴趣)”可知，此处介绍人们对于发现这个时间胶囊的情感与态度的变化，一开始当盒子里似乎只有泥土时，人们的失望应该是很“明显的”。由此可知，划线词意思应该是“明显的”，与apparent意思相近。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thediscoveryofthesevaluablecoinsandmedalsupportsthetheorythattheboxwasburiedbythemilitarystudentssometimebetween1828and1829.(这些珍贵的硬币和奖章的发现支持了这个盒子是由军校学生在1828年到1829年之间的某个时候埋下的理论)”可知，硬币和奖章的发现证实了时间胶囊很可能是在19世纪被军校学生埋下的。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“ArcheologistPaulHudson,despitetheinitialletdown,remainsoptimisticabouttheongoingresearchpossibilitiesandthepotentialinsightsawaitingdiscovery.(考古学家PaulHudson尽管最初感到失望，但对正在进行的研究可能性和等待发现的潜在见解仍持乐观态度)”可推知，PaulHudson对该研究进一步的发现持乐观的态度，再结合第五段中“Asexpertsexplorefurtherintotheremainsofthetimecapsule,theyaimtouncoveranyremainingartifactsandgainabetterunderstandingofthetimeperiodandthemotivationsbehindburyingthishistoricaltreasure.(随着专家们进一步探索时间胶囊的残骸，他们的目标是发现任何剩余的文物，并更好地了解那个时期和埋下这个历史宝藏背后的动机)”可推知，他计划继续研究时间胶囊的残骸以获得更深入的见解。故选D项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thechallengeliesinpreservingandstudyingthefragilematerials,consideringthepotentialdamagecausedbymoistureandthepassageofnearlytwocenturies.(考虑到潮湿和近两个世纪的流逝所造成的潜在损害，挑战在于保护和研究这些脆弱的材料)”可知，保存和研究时间胶囊中的材料是一项挑战，因为它们可能在两个世纪中遭到严重损害。故选B项。DMostebikeshaverechargeablelithiumion(锂离子)batteries,thesameasthoseinsmartphonesandlaptops.Allthesebatterieshavethepotentialtofailwhendamaged,overchargedoroperatedinextremetemperatureconditions.Ebikebatteries,though,aremuchbigger—between50to100timesmore—thantheonesinourpersonalelectronics,andthusposeagreaterrisk.OnMay20,afoldingbikeinaSouthLondonapartmentbegansmoking,andwithinsecondsabigflameerupted.AccordingtoDomEllis,deputymissionerfortheLondonFireBrigade,thebike’sownerpurchaseditsecondhandandboughtanaftermarketbatteryfromanunappointedonlinemarketplace.Lithiumionbatteriesarepopularbecausethey’reeasilyrechargeable.Butifsomethingfails,theycanoverheat,saidAnnaStefanopoulou,professorofmechanicalengineeringattheUniversityofMichigan.Thiskicksoffabadcyclecalledthermalrunaway.Themeltingbatterymaterialsfueltheflames,givingoffmoreheat,andthatheatalsocreatesaflammablegas,shesaid.Inotherwords,whenabatterybreaksdown,thefireisselfsustainingandhot.Electriccarsalsocontainlithiumionbatteries,butfiresarelessmonparedwithebikes.Carshavecoolingsystemsandtheirbatteriesaremoreprotected,shesaid.Ebikes,ontheotherhand,don’thavetemperatureregulators(调节器)andtheirbatteriesaremoreexposedtotheenvironmentandpossibleimpact,sominorflaws(缺陷)canbeeproblems,Stefanopoulouadded.Shesaidthecheaperbatteriescansufferfromproblemsandlowqualitycontrol.Ebikeridersalsotendtousetheirbatteriesmoreaggressively.Ahugebatteryinanelectriccarcanlastmorethan200miles,anddriverstopthemoffregularly.Ebikeownersareusedtodraining(耗尽)theirbatteriesagainandagainthroughouttheweek,whichcanaddtothestress.12.Whyareebikebatteriesmuchmoredangerousthantheonesinourphones?A.Theyusedifferentmaterials. B.Theyareeasytooverchargeordamage.C.Theyaremuchlargerinvolume. D.Theyneedmorefrequentrecharging.13.Whatmaybethemainproblemwiththefoldingbikementionedinthetext?A.Itwaspurchasedfromanotherusersecondhand.B.Itwasprovidedbyanunqualifiedproducer.C.Itwasalreadyoutofdatewhenboughtsecondhand.D.Itsoriginalbatterywasreplacedwithanaftermarketone.14.Whatismainlydiscussedaboutlithiumionbatteriesinparagraph3?AWhytheyarepopular. B.Howtheyarerecharged.C.Whytheycausebigfires. D.Whatoftencausestheirfailure.15.Whatareebikebuyersorusersremendedtodo?A.Rechargethebatteryeveryday.B.Neverchoosecheaperbatteriestosavemoney.C.Selectabatterywithatemperatureregulator.D.Usethebatteryasoftenaspossible.【答案】12.C13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了电动自行车使用的可充电锂离子电池存在的安全风险。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ebikebatteries,though,aremuchbigger—between50to100timesmore—thantheonesinourpersonalelectronics,andthusposeagreaterrisk.(然而，电动自行车的电池比我们个人电子设备中的电池要大得多——大50到100倍，因此风险更大。)”可知，电动自行车的电池要比个人电子设备中的电池危险是因为是容量大得多的，故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AccordingtoDomEllis,deputymissionerfortheLondonFireBrigade,thebike’sownerpurchaseditsecondhandandboughtanaftermarketbatteryfromanunappointedonlinemarketplace.(据伦敦消防旅副指挥官DomEllis所说，这辆自行车的主人是二手购买的，并从一个未经授权的在线市场购买了一块售后电池。)”可知，文中提到的折叠自行车的问题是原装电池被一个非原厂的电池替换了，故选D项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thiskicksoffabadcyclecalledthermalrunaway.Themeltingbatterymaterialsfueltheflames,givingoffmoreheat,andthatheatalsocreatesaflammablegas,shesaid.Inotherwords,whenabatterybreaksdown,thefireisselfsustainingandhot.(这引发了一个被称为热失控的恶性循环。熔化的电池材料助长了火焰，释放出更多的热量，而那些热量也会产生易燃气体。换句话说，当电池崩溃时，火灾是自我维持且温度很高的。)”可知，本段主要讲的是为什么锂电池失控会导致发生较大火灾，故选C项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ahugebatteryinanelectriccarcanlastmorethan200miles,anddriverstopthemoffregularly.Ebikeownersareusedtodraining(耗尽)theirbatteriesagainandagainthroughouttheweek,whichcanaddtothestress.(电动汽车中的巨大电池可以续航超过200英里，司机们会定期充电。电动自行车车主习惯于在一周内一次又一次地耗尽他们的电池，这可能会增加压力。)”可知，电动自行车的买主或使用者被建议定期充电，故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Criticismisneverfun.Ifitisconstructive,thenyoucanuseittobeeamorewellroundedperson.Ifit’sonlymeanttoharmyou,thenyoucanworkonshakingitofflikeabadhabit.____16____•Acceptthatyou’renotperfect.Thisisagreatwaytodealwithcriticism.Tobeabletotakealittlebitoffeedback(反馈),youcan’tkeepthinkingthatyoucandonowrong.Nobody’sperfect,soifyouthinkyou’reperfect,thenyou’renobody.Everypersonhasdisadvantages.____17____•Seeifthere’ssometruthtoit.Ifthefeedbackisingfromapersonwhohasyourbestinterestinmind,thenyouhavetoconsiderthepossibilitythattherereallyissometruthtothosewords.____18____Iftenpeoplesaythatyouareselfish,thentheycan’tallbewrong,canthey?Takeamomenttoconsiderthepossibilitythatthispersonisreallyontosomething.•____19____Ifyouhavereceivedsomecriticismdeliveredinafriendlyandhelpfulway,orjustinawaymeanttobehonestandclear,justtakethetimetothankthepersonandtosaythatyouappreciatethefactthatthepersontoldyousomethingthatcanmakeyouanevenbetterfriend,student,orprofessional.•Stopmakingexcuses.Ifsomeoneisgivingyoureasonablecriticism,stopmakingexcuses.Ifyougetdefensiveandmakeexcuses,thenthepersonwon’tbeabletofinishtellingyouexactlywhatheorshemeans,andyouwon’tgettheinformationyouneedtoreallyimprove.It’snaturalthatwefeeldefensiveandgetthefeelingthatwecandonowrong.____20____A.Workonbeinglesssensitive.B.Thankthepersonforbeinghonest.C.Thefollowingtipscanbehelpfultoyou.D.Mostpeopleareabletodealwithcriticismproperly.E.It’sevenmorelikelyifyou’veheardsimilarmentsbefore.F.Butit’simportanttohearpeopleoutbeforeyoucutthemofftoproveyou’reperfect.G.Ifyoudon’tseeanyofyours,you’renotanalyzingyourselfascloselyasyoushould.【答案】16.C17.G18.E19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何正确对待批评。【16题详解】上文“Criticismisneverfun.Ifitisconstructive,thenyoucanuseittobeeamorewellroundedperson.Ifit’sonlymeanttoharmyou,thenyoucanworkonshakingitofflikeabadhabit.(批评从来都不有趣。如果它是建设性的，那么你可以利用它成为一个更全面的人。如果它只是为了伤害你，那么你可以把它当作一个坏习惯来摆脱)提出要正确对待批评，下文“•Acceptthatyou’renotperfect.(•接受自己并不完美的事实)”、“•Seeifthere’ssometruthtoit.(•看看这是不是真的)”和“•Stopmakingexcuses.(•停止找借口)”介绍了应对批评的办法，C项“Thefollowingtipscanbehelpfultoyou.(下面的建议可能会对你有所帮助)”承上启下，引出下文的建议，衔接自然。故选C项。【17题详解】上文“Everypersonhasdisadvantages.(每个人都有缺点)”提出每个人都有缺点，G项“Ifyoudon’tseeanyofyours,you’renotanalyzingyourselfascloselyasyoushould.(如果你没有发现自己的任何缺点，你就没有认真剖析自己)”承接上文，说明如何发现自己没有缺点，那一定是没有认真剖析自己，与上文句意一致，句中“yours”即“yourdisadvantage”。故选G项。【18题详解】上文“Ifthefeedbackisingfromapersonwhohasyourbestinterestinmind,thenyouhavetoconsiderthepossibilitythattherereallyissometruthtothosewords.(如果反馈来自于一个最关心你人，那么你必须考虑这些话是否真的有一些道理)”指出要认真对待关心你的人的批评，因为他们的话很可能是真的，E项“It’sevenmorelikelyifyou’veheardsimilarmentsbefore.(如果你之前听过类似的评论，那就更有可能了)”承接上文，强调如果之前就听说过这些话，那么就更有可能是真的了，句中“evenmorelikely”和上文“sometruthtothosewords”构成递进关系，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。【19题详解】设空句是段首主题句。下文“Ifyouhavereceivedsomecriticismdeliveredinafriendlyandhelpfulway,orjustinawaymeanttobehonestandclear,justtakethetimetothankthepersonandtosaythatyouappreciatethefactthatthepersontoldyousomethingthatcanmakeyouanevenbetterfriend,student,orprofessional.(如果你收到了一些友好而有帮助的批评，或者只是以一种诚实而明确的方式，那就花点时间感谢这个人，并说你很感激这个人告诉你的一些事情，这些事情可以让你成为一个更好的朋友、学生或专业人士)”建议要感谢坦诚批评你的人，故B项“Thankthepersonforbeinghonest.(感谢对方的坦诚)”是最佳主题句。故选B项。【20题详解】上文“Ifyougetdefensiveandmakeexcuses,thenthepersonwon’tbeabletofinishtellingyouexactlywhatheorshemeans,andyouwon’tgettheinformationyouneedtoreallyimprove.(如果你为自己辩护并找借口，那么对方就无法把他或她意思确切地告诉你，你也无法获得真正需要的信息来改进)”提出遭到批评时，不要为自己辩护和找借口，F项“Butit’simportanttohearpeopleoutbeforeyoucutthemofftoproveyou’reperfect.(但重要的是，在你打断他们以证明你是完美的之前，倾听他们的意见)”提出正确应对的方法：遭到批评时先倾听，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IrealizedlastyearthatIhadlivedherelongerthanmymomdid.Thatjustdidn’tseemrighttome.Ifanyone____21____alonglife,itwasmymom.Shewaskind,cheerfulandfilledwithlove.Duringherlastfouryears,shefought____22____againstcancerandnevergaveup.IremembercallinghereverydaytotellherIlovedher,somethingIdidn’tdothatmuchasachild.I____23____nottellingherthatmoreoftenwhenIwasachild.____24____,shepassedawayattheageof55.Afterherdeath,myownhealthbroke.Idevelopeddoublepneumonia(肺炎).Later,althoughmybody____25____,myspiritremainedburdenedwith____26____.Icouldn’timaginelivingwithoutmymom,andIwantedmy____27____toknowherlove.Oneday,whileIsatinpainonthecouch,mylittlegirlclimbedontomylapsto____28____me.Herbrotherjoinedher,andIheldthembothclosely.Inthatmoment,IfeltMom’sloving____29____intheroom.IknewIhadtokeepgoing.IpromisedmyselfthatIwould_____30_____storiesofMom’sloveandbeautifulsoulwithmychildren.Ibelievedthather_____31_____spiritwouldalwayslivewithinme.Icouldhearherlaughterinmymind,_____32_____metoriseupandliveagain.Eachdayisafreshbeginning.Momlivedbythis_____33_____.Sheneverwastedasinglemoment,_____34_____laughter,love,andkindnesstoeveryoneshemet.Eachday,shemadetheworldabetterplaceforourfamily.Iwillstrivetofollowherexampleandembraceeachdayasanew_____35_____forjoyandgrowth.21.A.demanded B.deserved C.enjoyed D.anticipated22.A.bravely B.aimlessly C.impatiently D.secretly23.A.practice B.regret C.imagine D.consider24.A.Undeniably B.Typically C.Obviously D.Unluckily25.A.collapsed B.resisted C.recovered D.shook26.A.challenges B.purpose C.debts D.sorrow27.A.children B.neighbors C.workmates D.students28.A.bother B.fort C.convince D.protect29.A.attitude B.capacity C.guidance D.presence30.A.bine B.pare C.read D.share31.A.ambitious B.independent C.gentle D.professional32.A.training B.forbidding C.begging D.urging33.A.authority B.dimension C.principle D.theory34.A.spreading B.promising C.explaining D.teaching35.A.order B.opportunity C.fashion D.conclusion【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.D27.A2