Unit5TheValueofMoney重要题型专练

Unit5TheValueofMoney重要题型专练一、完形填空Close1（2223高一下·浙江·期中）Mymotherwasalwaysknitting(针织).Whatashocktomewhensherecentlytoldmethatknittinghelpedher1stressesofraisingfourchildren.AndIhavenow2thatitistrueforme—andmuchmore.MymothertaughtmetoknitwhenIwasabout6.ButIsoon3theproject,asitwasboringforayoungchild.MynextknittingwasrestartedinMadison,whereIwasingraduateschoolandfeelingthe4ofthestudies.Miraculously,theknittingsavedmysoulinthatstressfulsemesterofstudiesandotherlifeeventsofloveand5.Knittingduringthepandemic6mydespairatnotbeingabletoparticipateinmy7volunteeractivities.Iknitteddozensofscarvesto8toashelterandthishelpedmefeel9themunity.Knittingscarves,shawls(披肩)andblanketsformydaughterwhenshewentawayforuniversitybroughtme10asIimaginedeverystitch(针脚)oflove11mynowadultchild—asoncemyarms12herwhenshewasyoung.Mymother’slegacyisvast,butthemajorlife13shetaughtmethroughknittingisthatthereisastepbystepprocessofbuilding,14andrebuilding.Itrequirespatienceandabeliefthatstitchesthatarecastoff(收针)canalways15theirwaybackon.1．A．getthrough B．getacross C．getinto D．geton2．A．noticed B．remembered C．realized D．adapted3．A．madeout B．gaveup C．heldonto D．struggledwith4．A．delight B．feature C．importance D．pressure5．A．grades B．health C．loss D．achievements6．A．eased B．worsened C．improved D．strengthened7．A．mon B．usual C．ordinary D．unique8．A．devote B．belong C．sell D．donate9．A．concernedabout B．connectedto C．addictedto D．interestedin10．A．sorrow B．disappointment C．fort D．excitement11．A．preserved B．moved C．impressed D．surrounded12．A．lifted B．balanced C．covered D．protected13．A．lesson B．plan C．experience D．skills14．A．checkingout B．tearingdown C．puttingaside D．workingout15．A．push B．give C．find D．lose【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．D5．C6．A7．B8．D9．B10．C11．D12．A13．A14．B15．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从母亲那里学会了针织，并依靠针织度过了紧张的研究生学业生活，在疫情期间缓解绝望，在女儿离开上大学时找到安慰，由此作者感悟到人生是一个循序渐进的建造、拆除和重建的过程。1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她最近告诉我，针织帮助她度过了抚养四个孩子的压力时，我感到非常震惊。A.getthrough度过；B.getacross使被理解；C.getinto进入；D.geton进展。根据句中“stressesofraisingfourchildren”可推知，作者的母亲养育四个孩子压力很大，是针织让她得以度过这种压力。故选A。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我意识到，这对我来说是真的，而且远远不止于此。A.noticed注意；B.remembered记得；C.realized意识到；D.adapted适应。根据上文“Whatashocktome”和句中“itistrueforme”可推知，一开始作者不理解母亲所说的针织的力量，现在却意识到了这是真的。故选C。3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但我很快就放弃了这个事情，因为它对一个小孩子来说太无聊了。A.madeout明白；B.gaveup放弃；C.heldonto坚持；D.struggledwith与……做斗争。根据句中“itwasboringforayoungchild”可知，作者当时还是小孩子，觉得针织很无聊，所以是放弃了。故选B。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的下一次针织是在麦迪逊重新开始的，我在那里读研究生，感受到了学习的压力。A.delight愉悦；B.feature特点；C.importance重要性；D.pressure压力。根据下文“thatstressfulsemesterofstudies”可知，作者读研究生时学业负担很重，所以感觉到了学习的压力。故选D。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：神奇的是，在那个充满压力的学期和其他充满爱与失去的生活事件中，针织拯救了我的灵魂。A.grades成绩；B.health健康；C.loss失去；D.achievements成就。根据句中“savedmysoul”和“otherlifeeventsoflove”可推知，作者在这段时间应该是不愉快的，遭受了学业的压力和生活情感中的问题，C项“失去”符合语境。故选C。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：疫情期间针织减轻了我因无法参加平时的志愿活动而感到的绝望。A.eased减轻，缓解；B.worsened使……恶化；C.improved提高，改善；D.strengthened加强。根据下文“Iknitteddozensofscarvesto___8___toashelter”可推知，作者因为疫情无法参与志愿活动而绝望，但是通过针织她同样可以做志愿活动了，所以绝望是被缓解了。故选A。7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：疫情期间针织减轻了我因无法参加日常志愿活动而感到的绝望。A.mon普通的；B.usual平时的；C.ordinary普通的；D.unique独特的。根据句中“duringthepandemic”和“volunteeractivities”可推知，疫情打乱了作者的生活，使她无法参与日常的志愿活动。usualactivities是固定搭配，表示“日常活动”。故选B。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我织了几十条围巾，捐给了一个收容所，这让我感觉自己与社区有了联系。A.devote致力；B.belong属于；C.sell卖；D.donate捐献。根据上文“volunteeractivities”和句中“ashelter”可推知，作者喜欢参与志愿活动，疫情期间织了很多围巾捐给收容所。故选D。9．考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：我织了几十条围巾，捐给了一个收容所，这让我感觉自己与社区有了联系。A.concernedabout关心；B.connectedto与……有联系的；C.addictedto沉迷于；D.interestedin感兴趣。根据上文“volunteeractivities”和句中“themunity”可推知，作者通过织围巾捐助收容所做志愿活动，重新获得了和社区相联的感觉。故选B。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我女儿去上大学的时候，我给她织了围巾、披肩和毯子，当我想象着每一针爱都围绕着我现在已经成年的孩子——就像她小时候我曾经抱着她一样，这让我感到安慰。A.sorrow悲伤；B.disappointment不开心；C.fort安慰；D.excitement兴奋。根据句中“shewentawayforuniversity”和“everystitch(针脚)oflove___11___mynowadultchild”可推知，作者会因为女儿离开去上大学而失落，而为女儿编制物品则让作者感到了安慰，因为她依然用自己的方式爱着女儿。故选C。11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我女儿去上大学的时候，我给她织了围巾、披肩和毯子，当我想象着每一针爱都围绕着我现在已经成年的孩子——就像她小时候我曾经抱着她一样，这让我感到安慰。A.preserved保存；B.moved感动；C.impressed使留下深刻印象；D.surrounded包围。根据句中“everystitch(针脚)oflove”可推知，作者是想象织出来的围巾、披肩、毯子充满了爱意，包围着成年的女儿。故选D。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我女儿去上大学的时候，我给她织了围巾、披肩和毯子，当我想象着每一针爱都围绕着我现在已经成年的孩子——就像她小时候我曾经抱着她一样，这让我感到安慰。A.lifted举起；B.balanced平衡；C.covered覆盖；D.protected保护。根据句中“Iimaginedeverystitch(针脚)oflove___11___mynowadultchild”可推知，作者认为织出来的围巾、披肩、毯子包围着女儿，就像从前她将女儿抱在怀里一样。故选A。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我母亲留给我的遗产是巨大的，但她通过针织教给我的最重要的人生一课是：建造、拆除和重建是一个循序渐进的过程。A.lesson课；B.plan计划；C.experience经历；D.skills技巧。根据空后“shetaughtme”可知，作者是说母亲教会了她重要的人生一课。故选A。14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我母亲留给我的遗产是巨大的，但她通过针织教给我的最重要的人生一课是：建造、拆除和重建是一个循序渐进的过程。A.checkingout检验；B.tearingdown拆除；C.puttingaside把……放在一边；D.workingout解决。根据空前的“building”和空后的“rebuilding”，并结合全文在讲针织可知，针织涉及到织和拆的反复，这里指一个建造、拆除和重建的过程。故选B。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这需要耐心和相信要收的针总会找到回去的路。A.push推；B.give给；C.find找；D.lose失去。根据句中“stitchesthatarecastoff”可知，收针是用针把线收回来，也就是找到回去的路。故选C。Close2（2223高一下·河南郑州·阶段练习）Mr.JoneshadalwayswantedtomakeatripintothemiddleofAfricatophotographwildanimals.16hiswifehadnotwantedhimto17her.Atlasthiswifeagreedtothetripifheallowedhertogo,too.Mr.Jones18her,“Itwillbeveryhotandweshallliveinatentandit19bedangerous.”“Idon’tcare,”saidhiswife.Sotheyboughtabigtent,campbedsandmanyotherthings,andwentofftothe20ofAfrica.Thefirstmorning,21Mr.Jonestookhiscameraandleftthetent,he22hiswifeabellandexplainedtoher,“Ifyoufeelin23,ringthisbell.”Afterawhile,heheardthebellandcamebackquickly.“What’sthematter?”heasked.“24,”saidhiswife,“Iwasonlytryingthebell.”Mr.Joneswentoff,butafterawhile,thebellrang25.Mr.Joneshurriedbacktothetent,buthiswifesaid,“I’m26butIwascleaningourtent,andIknockedthebellover27.”Mr.Jonesreturnedtohisphotographing(拍摄)butsoonheheardthebell.Whenhegotbacktohis28,thetentwasburningandMrs.Joneswaslyingontheground,29bloodrunningfromabigcutonhershoulder,“That’sbetter!”saidMr.Jones.“Thistimethebellhasbeenused30!”16．A．And B．But C．Or D．So17．A．leave B．miss C．marry D．care18．A．informed B．advised C．reported D．warned19．A．may B．ought C．can’t D．shall20．A．south B．centre C．east D．west21．A．while B．until C．before D．after22．A．gave B．sent C．lent D．bought23．A．hurry B．surprise C．safety D．danger24．A．Something B．Nothing C．No D．None25．A．again B．once C．across D．away26．A．happy B．sorry C．tired D．right27．A．onpurpose B．bydesign C．atlast D．bymistake28．A．garden B．house C．camp D．office29．A．in B．on C．with D．for30．A．correctly B．quickly C．crazily D．anxiously【答案】16．B17．A18．D19．A20．B21．C22．A23．D24．B25．A26．B27．D28．C29．C30．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了琼斯先生带着夫人前往非洲，告知妻子遇见危险按铃，前两次都是不小心按铃有惊无险，但第三次按铃发现妻子确实遇到了危险。16．考查连词词义辨析。句意：琼斯先生一直想去非洲中部拍摄野生动物。但是他的妻子不想让他离开她。A.And和；B.But但是；C.Or或者；D.So因此。根据上文“Mr.JoneshadalwayswantedtomakeatripintothemiddleofAfricatophotographwildanimals(琼斯先生一直想去非洲中部拍摄野生动物)”以及下文“hiswifehadnotwantedhimtoleaveher(他的妻子不想让他离开她)”可知上下文之间为转折关系，应使用表是转折关系的连词，故选B项。17．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.leave离开；B.miss思念；C.marry结婚；D.care关心。根据下文“Atlasthiswifeagreedtothetripifheallowedhertogo,too.”推知，他的妻子不愿意让他离开她，故选A项。18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：琼斯先生提醒她：“天气会很热，我们将住在帐篷里，这可能很危险。”A.informed通知；B.advised建议；C.reported报道；D.warned警告；提醒。根据下文“Itwillbeveryhotandweshallliveinatentanditmaybedangerous(天气会很热，我们将住在帐篷里，这可能很危险)”可知，这是琼斯先生对妻子的提醒，故选D项。19．考查情态动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.may可能；B.ought应该；C.can’t不可能；D.shall必须，一定，应该。根据下文“dangerous(危险的)”可知，此处是指住在户外可能是危险的，故选A项。20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，他们买了一个大帐篷、行军床和许多其他东西，前往非洲中部。A.south南方；B.centre中心；C.east东方；D.west西方。根据上文“Mr.JoneshadalwayswantedtomakeatripintothemiddleofAfricatophotographwildanimals.(琼斯先生一直想去非洲中部拍摄野生动物)”可知，琼斯夫妇去了非洲中部，故选B项。21．考查连词词义辨析。句意：第一天早上，在琼斯先生拿着相机离开帐篷之前，他给了妻子一个铃铛，并向她解释说：“如果你觉得有危险，就按这个铃铛。”A.while当……时候；B.until直到……才；C.before在……之前；D.after在……之后。根据下文“hegavehiswifeabell(他给了妻子一个铃铛)”推知，琼斯先生是在离开帐篷前给了妻子一个铃铛，故选C项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.gave给；B.sent发送；C.lent借；D.bought买。根据下文“abell(一个铃铛)”可知琼斯先生给了妻子一个铃铛，故选A项。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.hurry匆忙；B.surprise吃惊；C.safety安全；D.danger危险。根据下文“ringthisbell(按这个铃)”以及“heheardthebellandcamebackquickly(他听到铃声，很快就回来了)”可推理出琼斯先生告诉妻子在感到危险的时候按铃，故选D项。24．考查代词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，他听到铃声，很快就回来了。“怎么了？”他问道。“没什么，”他的妻子说，“我只是试一下这个铃铛。”A.Something某事；B.Nothing没有东西；C.No不；D.None没有人。根据下文“Iwasonlytryingthebell(我只是试一下这个钟)”可知此处表达的是没什么事，故选B项。25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：琼斯先生走了，但过了一会儿，铃声又响了。A.again又；再；B.once一次；C.across横过；D.away离开。根据上文“Afterawhile,heheardthebellandcamebackquickly(过了一会儿，他听到铃声，很快就回来了)”可知此处指的是铃声再次响起，故选A项。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对不起，我当时正在打扫帐篷，我不小心把铃铛撞翻了。A.happy快乐的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.tired累的；D.right正确的。根据下文“Iwascleaningourtent,andIknockedthebellover(我正在打扫我们的帐篷，我把钟撞倒了)”可知，琼斯太太是在打扫帐篷的时候碰到了钟，向丈夫道歉，故选B项。27．考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A.onpurpose故意；B.bydesign蓄意地；C.atlast最后；D.bymistake无意中。根据上文“Iwascleaningourtent(我当时正在打扫帐篷)”可知琼斯先生的妻子是无意中碰翻了钟，故选D项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他回到营地时，帐篷正在燃烧，琼斯夫人躺在地上，肩膀上的一个大伤口上流着血。“这下好了”琼斯先生说，“这次铃用对了”。A.garden花园；B.house房子；C.camp营地；D.office办公室。根据下文“thetentwasburning(帐篷在燃烧)”可推理出琼斯先生回到了营地，故选C项。29．考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.in在里面；B.on在上面；C.with随着(表示一种伴随的情况)；D.for因为。根据上文“Mrs.Joneswaslyingontheground(琼斯夫人躺在地上)”以及下文“bloodrunningfromabigcutonhershoulder(肩膀上的一个大伤口上流着血)”可知下文是上文的伴随情况，此处为with复合结构作状语。故选C项。30．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.correctly正确地；B.quickly迅速地；C.crazily疯狂地；D.anxiously焦急地。根据下文“thetentwasburningandMrs.Joneswaslyingontheground(帐篷正在燃烧，琼斯夫人躺在地上)”可知，此处表示的是琼斯先生的夫人确实遇到了危险，这次按铃正确，故选A项。阅读理解Passage1

（2223高一下·山东济宁·期末）Insomniaisasleepdisorderthataffectsabout10%ofadultsintheUnitedStates.Itischaracterizedbydifficultywithfallingasleep,orwakinguptooearly,atleastthreetimesperweekforaperiodofthreemonthsormore.Ifyouhappentostrugglewithinsomnia,youcantryaweightedmetalchainblanket(毯子),onethatmightsoundalittlestrangebuteffective.AteamofresearchersattheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenconductedastudytodeterminewhetheraweightedmetalchainblanketcouldimproveinsomniasymptoms(症状)paredtoalightplasticchainblanket.Subjectswererandomlygiveneitheraweightedmetalchainblanketoralightplasticchainblanket,whichwerethesameshapeandsize.Thosewhowereprovidedwithaweightedmetalchainblanketfirsttriedonan8kilogramblanket.Ifthiswastooheavy,a6kilogramblanketwasthenprovided.Overafourweekperiod,theirsleepwasjudgedusingsurveysandawristbaseddevicecalledanactigraph.Theyfoundparticipantswhousedtheweightedmetalchainblanketreportedthattheirinsomniasymptomsdroppedsignificantly,whilethosewhohadusedthelightplasticchainblanketdidnotexperiencesuchobviousimprovements.Furthermore,anxietysymptomsdecreasedmuchmoreforthosewhousedtheweightedmetalchainblanketthanthosewhousedthelightplasticchainblanket.Theprinciplebehindtheseblanketsisthatthepressureoftheweightprovidessomevalueoftreatment.It’salmostlikeababy’swrappingblanketthatcalmsitasitsleeps.Weightedblanketscancalmyournerves.Pressurefromtheblanketmaycontributetonervoussystemresponsesthatloweryourheartrateandbreathingwhenyou’reanxious.Thiscanhelpyoucalmdownandsleep.Thepressurecouldalsocauseyourbraintoreleaseachemicalcalledserotonin,whichhelpsyourmindandbodycalmdown.“Whilethesefindingsarepromising,moreresearchisneededtosupporttheeffectiveness,”saystheleadresearcher.31．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Bygivinganexample. B．Byraisingaquestion.C．Byanalyzingcauses. D．Bydescribingsymptoms.32．Whatdoesparagraph2focusonconcerningtheresearch?A．Itsbackground. B．Itsprocess. C．Itsfindings. D．Itslimitations.33．Whycanaweightedmetalchainblanketpromiseabettersleep?A．Itspressurecalmspeopledown. B．Itsmaterialreducespeople’sanxiety.C．Itmonitorspeople’sheartrate. D．Itgivesofffortingchemicals.34．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetotheresearch?A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.【答案】31．D32．B33．A34．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种加重的金属链毯子，它带来的压力可以使你的神经平静下来，帮助你入睡，缓解失眠症状。31．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Insomniaisasleepdisorderthataffectsabout10%ofadultsintheUnitedStates.Itischaracterizedbydifficultywithfallingasleep,orwakinguptooearly,atleastthreetimesperweekforaperiodofthreemonthsormore.Ifyouhappentostrugglewithinsomnia,youcantryaweightedmetalchainblanket(毯子),onethatmightsoundalittlestrangebuteffective.”（失眠是一种睡眠障碍，影响着美国约10%的成年人。它的特点是难以入睡，或者醒得太早，在三个月或更长的时间里，每周至少失眠三次。如果你碰巧与失眠作斗争，你可以试试加重的金属链毯子，这种毯子听起来可能有点奇怪，但很有效）可知，作者在文章中首先描述了失眠这种症状，随后告诉读者，如果你也有失眠的症状，可以试试金属链毯子，进而引出文章主题，即金属链毯子，由此可知，作者通过描述症状来引出文章主题。故选D项。32．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Subjectswererandomlygiveneitheraweightedmetalchainblanketoralightplasticchainblanket,whichwerethesameshapeandsize.Thosewhowereprovidedwithaweightedmetalchainblanketfirsttriedonan8kilogramblanket.Ifthiswastooheavy,a6kilogramblanketwasthenprovided.Overafourweekperiod,theirsleepwasjudgedusingsurveysandawristbaseddevicecalledanactigraph.”（受试者被随机给予相同形状和尺寸的加重金属链毯子或轻质塑料链毯子。那些获得加重金属链毯子的人首先尝试了一条8公斤重的毯子。如果这个太重，就提供一条6公斤重的毯子。在四周的时间里，他们的睡眠是通过调查和一种名为活动记录仪的手腕设备来判断的）可知，第二段主要介绍了研究的过程，即随机给予受试者不同重量的毯子，测试不同的效果，由此可知，第二段重点关于研究的过程。故选B项。33．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Theprinciplebehindtheseblanketsisthatthepressureoftheweightprovidessomevalueoftreatment.It’salmostlikeababy’swrappingblanketthatcalmsitasitsleeps.Weightedblanketscancalmyournerves.Pressurefromtheblanketmaycontributetonervoussystemresponsesthatloweryourheartrateandbreathingwhenyou’reanxious.Thiscanhelpyoucalmdownandsleep.”（这些毯子背后的原理是，重量的压力提供了一些治疗价值。它几乎就像婴儿的包裹毯，让它在睡觉时平静下来。加重的毯子可以使你的神经平静下来。毯子带来的压力可能会导致神经系统反应，从而在你焦虑时降低你的心率和呼吸。这可以帮助你平静下来并入睡）可知，加重的金属链毯子可以保证更好的睡眠，因为它的压力使人们平静下来。故选A项。34．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Theprinciplebehindtheseblanketsisthatthepressureoftheweightprovidessomevalueoftreatment.”（这些毯子背后的原理是，重量的压力提供了一些治疗价值）和最后一段内容““Whilethesefindingsarepromising,moreresearchisneededtosupporttheeffectiveness,”saystheleadresearcher.”（“虽然这些发现很有希望，但还需要更多的研究来支持其有效性，”首席研究员说）可知，作者在文章中客观地介绍了研究结果，介绍了金属链毯子的原理及功效，文中引用了研发员的话，由此可知，作者对研究的态度是客观的，客观的陈述研究结果。故选C项。Passage2

（2223高一下·广东·期末）ForalmostaslongaspeoplehavewalkedonEarth,theyhavelookedupatthemoonandwondered:Howdidthemoongetthere?Howlonghasitbeenthere?Scientistshavestudiedquestions.Andnow,agroupofresearchersfromCaliforniahaveananswer.Basedontheirstudies,theythinkthemoonis4.51billionyearsold.Foryears,researchershavebeenstudyingthemanyrocksAmericanastronautsbroughtbackfromthemoonbetween1969and1972.Theearlyrockstudiesledmanyscientiststothinkthemoonwasformedlongago—about4.3billionyearsago.ScientistsbelievethemoonwascreatedwhenahugerockyobjectaboutthesizeofMarstruckaveryyoungEarth.Thensomeofthepiecesfromthatviolentcrashcametogetherinspacetoformthemoon.Butthatestimatedage,4.3billionyears,createdaproblemforscientists.ThatisbecauseitdoesnotleavemuchtimeforlifetogetstartedanddeveloponplanetEarth.Researcherswantedabetter,moreexactestimateofwhenthemoonwasformed.TheyfoundtheiranswerbystudyingamoonrockbroughtbacktoEarthin1971.Theylookedcloselyforsignsofamatterintherockcalledzircon(锆石).Andtheyfoundoutthatthemoonisactuallyolder.Themoondidn’tform4.3billionyearsago,butitformedatleast4.51billionyearsago.ThoseextrayearssolvestheproblemoflifeonEarth.Andthissolutiongivesscientistsabetterunderstandingofhowlifeformedhereandhowitmightformonotherplanets.ThenewinformationmeansthemoonwasorbitingEarthjust60millionyearsafterthebirthofoursolarsystem.ThentheEarthhadmuchmoretimetocooldown,formtheatmosphere,formthewaterandthenfinallyhadalltheconditionsmetforlife.35．Howdidthemooneintobeing?A．BybreakingawayfromEarth. B．ByasolarstormcausedbyEarth.C．Bygatheringothersmallplanetsinspace. D．ByabigcrashbetweenahugeobjectandEarth.36．What’stheproblemwiththeestimatedageofthemoonbefore?A．Itisbasedonafalserock. B．ItledtoawrongideaonthebirthofEarth.C．Itdoesn’texplaintheoriginoflifeonEarth. D．Itwasmisledbytherocksbroughtfromthemoon.37．Whatwasthekeyfactorinthestudy?A．Amattercalledzircon. B．Thepreviousconclusion.C．AtheoryaboutlifeonEarth. D．Theunderstandingofthemoon.38．Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“estimated”inparagraph3?A．testedexactly. B．judgedroughly C．arguedbriefly D．designedcarefully【答案】35．D36．C37．A38．B【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。科学家通过研究从月球上带回的岩石得出了月球更合理的年龄，比原来推测的年龄提前了2.1亿年，这更符合地球上生命起源的规律。35．细节理解题。根据第三段“ScientistsbelievethemoonwascreatedwhenahugerockyobjectaboutthesizeofMarsstruckaveryyoungEarth.(科学家们认为，月球是由一个火星大小的巨大岩石物体撞击非常年轻的地球而形成的)”可知，科学家们相信，月球产生于一个火星大小的岩石天体与地球的一次大碰撞。故选D。36．细节理解题。根据第三段“Butthatestimatedage,4.3billionyears,createdaproblemforscientists.ThatisbecauseitdoesnotleavemuchtimeforlifetogetstartedanddeveloponplanetEarth.(但是这个43亿年的估计年龄给科学家们带来了一个问题。这是因为它没有给地球上生命的开始和发展留下太多的时间)”可知原来预计的月球年龄与地球生命的起源所需的时间相冲突，即无法解释地球上生命的起源。故选C。37．推理判断题。根据第四段“Theylookedcloselyforsignsofamatterintherockcalledzircon(锆石).Andtheyfoundoutthatthemoonisactuallyolder.(他们在锆石中仔细寻找一种物质的迹象。他们发现月球其实更古老)”可以推断出月球岩石中的某种物质是研究中的关键。故选A。38．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“4.3billionyears,createdaproblemforscientists”以及“ThatisbecauseitdoesnotleavemuchtimeforlifetogetstartedanddeveloponplanetEarth.(这是因为它没有给地球上的生命留下太多的时间来开始和发展)”可知，大概判断月球43亿年的年龄给科学家带来了一个问题。故划线词意思是“大概判断”。故选B。Passage3（2223高一下·山东淄博·期末）Forsomepeople,theterm“blackbox”bringstomindtherecordingdevicesinairplanesthatarevaluableforlateranalysesiftheunthinkablehappens.Butblackboxisalsoanimportanttermintheworldofartificialintelligence.AIblackboxesrefertoAlsystemswithinternalworkingsthatareinvisibletotheuser.Youcanfeedtheminputandgetoutput,butyoucannotexaminethesystem’slogicthatproducedtheoutput.Machinelearningisthemainaspectofartificialintelligence.ItisthebasicofAIsystemslikeChatGPT.Therearethreepartstomachinelearning:analgorithm(算法)orasetofalgorithms,trainingdataandamodel.Analgorithmisasetofprocedures.Inmachinelearning,analgorithmlearnstoidentifypatternsafterbeingtrainedonalargesetofexamples—thetrainingdata.Onceamachinelearningalgorithmhasbeentrained,theresultisamachinelearningmodel.Themodeliswhatpeopleuse.Anyofthethreepartsofamachinelearningsystemcanbehidden,orinablackbox.Sotoprotecttheirintellectualproperty,Aldevelopersoftenputthemodelinablackbox.Theoppositeofablackboxissometimesreferredtoasaglassbox.AnAlglassboxisasystemwhosealgorithms,trainingdataandmodelareallavailableforanyonetosee.Inmanycases,thereisagoodreasontobecarefulofblackboxmachinelearningalgorithmsandmodels.Supposeamachinelearningmodelhasmadeadiagnosisaboutyourhealth.Wouldyouwantthemodeltobeinablackboxoraglassbox?Foryears,manypeopleintheputingfieldthoughtthatkeepingsoftwareinablackboxwouldpreventhackers(黑客)fromexaminingitandthereforeitwouldbesecure.Thisassumptionhaslargelybeenprovedwrongbecausehackerscanreverse(逆向)engineersoftwareanddiscovervulnerabilitiestomakeuseof.Ifsoftwareisinaglassbox,thensoftwaretestersandwellintentionedhackerscanexamineitandinformthecreatorsofdisadvantages,therebyreducingcyberattacks.39．Whydoestheauthormention“blackbox”inairplanesinthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainarule. B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Topresentafact. D．Todefineaconcept.40．What’sthevalueoftheAIblackboxes?A．Warningthehackers.B．Recordingimportantdata.C．Reducinginternetcrimes.D．Protectingsoftwaresystems.41．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerabilities”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Possibilities. B．Flexibilities.C．Weaknesses. D．Advantages.42．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheAIboxes?A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Approving.【答案】39．B40．D41．C42．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能中的黑匣子概念。同时文章还提到了黑匣子的安全性问题，黑客可以通过逆向工程来发现漏洞，而玻璃盒可以减少网络攻击。39．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butblackboxisalsoanimportanttermintheworldofartificialintelligence.AIblackboxesrefertoAlsystemswithinternalworkingsthatareinvisibletotheuser.Youcanfeedtheminputandgetoutput,butyoucannotexaminethesystem’slogicthatproducedtheoutput.(但是黑匣子在人工智能领域也是一个重要的术语。人工智能黑匣子指的是具有用户不可见的内部工作原理的人工智能系统。你可以向它们提供输入并获得输出，但是你不能检查产生输出的系统逻辑。)”以及第二段中“Machinelearningisthemainaspectofartificialintelligence.ItisthebasicofAIsystemslikeChatGPT.Therearethreepartstomachinelearning:analgorithm(算法)orasetofalgorithms,trainingdataandamodel.(机器学习是人工智能的主要方面。这是ChatGPT等人工智能系统的基础。机器学习有三个部分：一个算法(或一组算法)、训练数据和模型。)”可知，此处指出黑匣子指的是用户无法查看其内部工作原理的人工智能系统。由此文章通过介绍介绍黑匣子的工作原理来引出文章说明的内容即机器学习是人工智能的主要方面，它包括算法、训练数据和模型。故第一段中提到黑匣子的目的是引出文章主题。故选B。40．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sotoprotecttheirintellectualproperty,Aldevelopersoftenputthemodelinablackbox.(因此，为了保护他们的知识产权，人工智能开发人员经常把模型放在一个黑匣子里。)”以及最后一段中“Foryears,manypeopleintheputingfieldthoughtthatkeepingsoftwareinablackboxwouldpreventhackers(黑客)fromexaminingitandthereforeitwouldbesecure.(多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。)”可知，多年来黑匣子的价值是确保计算机系统的安全，即保护软件系统。故选D。41．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Foryears,manypeopleintheputingfieldthoughtthatkeepingsoftwareinablackboxwouldpreventhackers(黑客)fromexaminingitandthereforeitwouldbesecure.Thisassumptionhaslargelybeenprovedwrong(多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。这种假设在很大程度上被证明是错误的)”可知，多年来很多人认为把软件放在黑匣子中是可以防止黑客攻击的，这是安全的，可是这种假设被证明是错误的。因为黑客可以通过逆向工程来检查软件并发现其存在的缺点（漏洞），并加以利用。故划线词与C选项“Weaknesses”为同义词，意为“缺点”。故选C。42．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Foryears,manypeopleintheputingfieldthoughtthatkeepingsoftwareinablackboxwouldpreventhackers(黑客)fromexaminingitandthereforeitwouldbesecure.Thisassumptionhaslargelybeenprovedwrong(多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。)”以及“Ifsoftwareisinaglassbox,thensoftwaretestersandwellintentionedhackerscanexamineitandinformthecreatorsofdisadvantages,therebyreducingcyberattacks.(如果软件是在一个玻璃盒子里，那么软件测试人员和善意的黑客可以检查它，并告知创建者的缺点，从而减少网络攻击。)”可知，此处作者认为智能黑匣子既有优点又有缺点，故作者对它的态度是客观的。故选A。Passage4（2223高一下·山东菏泽·期末）Haveyoueverthoughthowgooditwouldbeifanunfinishedhandworkproject,whichstoppedbecausetheownerpassedaway,couldbelovinglypleted?Friendsandknitters(编织者)JenniferSimonicandMaseyKaplanstartedtheLooseEndsProjectinSeptember2022.Thepairmatch“volunteerfinishers”withunfinishedprojectsonlinesotheycancarefullypletethemandthenreturnthemtothepeopletheywerebeingmadefor.Itallstartedwhenfounders,SimonicandKaplan,realizedthattheyhadbothbeenaskedbyfriendstofinishknittinghats,sweatersorotherunfinishedprojectsstartedbytheirdeadmoms.Whenmorefriendsaskedthemforhelp,theyfeltitwouldbeagoodideato“havestrangersbeabletofinishthingsforeachother”.Helpingstrangersthisway,whichalsoassiststhemtogetthroughtheirgrievingprocess,wassomethingthatthetwohadhappilyagreedtodounderstandinghowwonderfulitfeelstobedressedinsomethingalovedonehascreated.Addingatouchingcoupleofextrasteps,oncethefinishersreceivetheproject,theymayhighlightthelaststitch(针)workedbythedeadmakerinaspecialwaybeforetheyrestartthework.Injustafewmonths,LooseEndshasbuiltupaglobalteamofover7,000volunteers.Newvolunteersareaskedtosharetheirskillsetsandinterests,.WhenLooseEndsreceivesaproject,thefoundersidentifyagoodfitbasedontheseskills.TheLooseEndsteamwillletthevolunteerstrytheworkto“checkifthey’refeelingittoo”,asSimonicandKaplanneverwanttheworktobeachore.Volunteersdonotchargefortheirwork,whilefamiliesareonlyaskedtocovertheshippingcosts.Thegrouptriestomatchprojectstovolunteerslivingnearbytoreducetheshippingcoststothelowest.43．WhatisthegoaloftheLooseEndsProject?A．Topromotehandworkart.B．Tosellhandworkproductsonline.C．Torecyclegoodhandworkprojects.D．Topleteunfinishedhandworkprojects.44．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“grieving”meaninparagraph4?A．Painful. B．Amazing. C．Touching. D．Unforgettable.45．Whatextrastepmayvolunteersdowithunfinishedworks?A．Theymaysigntheirnamesontheworks.B．Theymayaddreceivers’informationonthem.C．Theymaymarktheoriginalmaker’slaststitch.D．Theymaymakeaspecialdesignforthelaststitch.46．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheserviceoftheLooseEndsProject?A．Thoughtful. B．Quick. C．Limited. D．Safe.【答案】43．D44．A45．C46．A【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了编织者JenniferSimonic和MaseyKaplan是朋友，他们于2022年9月启动了LooseEndsProject，帮助人们完成由去世的亲人未完成的编织的东西。43．细节理解题。根据第二段“Friendsandknitters(编织者)JenniferSimonicandMaseyKaplanstartedtheLooseEndsProjectinSeptember2022.Thepairmatch“volunteerfinishers”withunfinishedprojectsonlinesotheycancarefullypletethemandthenreturnthemtothepeopletheywerebeingmadefor.(JenniferSimonic和MaseyKaplan是朋友，他们是编织者，于2022年9月启动了LooseEndsProject。这两个人将“自愿完成者”与网上未完成的项目相匹配，这样他们就可以仔细地完成这些项目，然后将它们返还给他们的目标人群)”可知，LooseEndsProject是为了完成未完成的手工项目。故选D。44．词句猜测题。上文“Itallstartedwhenfounders,SimonicandKaplan,realizedthattheyhadbothbeenaskedbyfriendstofinishknittinghats,sweatersorotherunfinishedprojectsstartedbytheirdeadmoms.(这一切都始于创始人西蒙尼克和卡普兰意识到，他们都被朋友要求完成编织帽子、毛衣或其他由他们去世的母亲开始的未完成的项目)”可知，Simonic和Kaplan帮助人们完成由去世的亲人未完成的编织的东西，以这种方式帮助陌生人度过失去亲人的悲伤的过程，由此可推知，划线单词grieving意为“悲伤的”，与A项“Painful.(痛苦的。)”意义一致，故选A。45．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Addingatouchingcoupleofextrasteps,oncethefinishersreceivetheproject,theymayhighlightthelaststitch(针)workedbythedeadmakerinaspecialwaybeforetheyrestartth