2015年高考英语二轮阅读理解复习资料及复习题4

.::;eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5())Ⅰ.体验高考Passage1体裁：说明文话题：科学研究时间：6分钟(2021·广东卷，D)Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流)．Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh­techequipment.However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears'experience，hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswap_meetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes－about60,000intotal－fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded，hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachcombing(海滩搜索)becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere，andasaresult，thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata，heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents，andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.Astheresultofhiswork，Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassociationofbeachcombersandoceanexperts，with500subscribersfromWestAfricatoNewZealand.Theyhaverecordedalllostobjectsrangingfrompotatoestogolfgloves.【语篇导读】本文是说明文，介绍了一种研究洋流的特别方式。1．TheunderlinedphraseswapmeetsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A．fittingrooms B．tradingfairsC．businesstalks D．groupmeetings解析词义猜想题。由前面的somanyshoes和后面的totryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear，特别是sell，可知是建立交易市场，应选B。答案B2．Ebbesmeyerphonedtheshoecompanytofindout________.A．whatcausedtheshippingaccidentB．whenandwheretheshoeswentmissingC．whetheritwasallrighttousetheirshoesD．howmuchtheylostintheshippingaccident解析事实细节题。由第二段二、三、四句“Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected，thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment〞可知，选C。答案C3．HowdidEbbesmeyerprovehisassumption?A．Bycollectinginformationfrombeachcombers.B．Bystudyingtheshoesfoundbybeachcombers.C．Bysearchingthewebforoceancurrentsmodels.D．Byresearchingoceancurrentsdatainthelibrary.解析事实细节题。由第三段第二句Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthem(seriousbeachcombers)andaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded及其后几句可知，选A，“通过海滩清理者搜集信息〞。答案A4．Ebbesmeyerismostfamousfor________.A．travelingwidelythecoastalcitiesoftheworldB．makingrecordsforanylostobjectsontheseaC．runningaglobalcurrentsresearchassociationD．phoningaboutanydoubtfulobjectsonthesea解析事实细节题。由第四段第一句Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean可知，选D。答案D5．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A．Tocallpeople'sattentiontooceanpollution.B．Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C．Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D．Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.解析主旨大意题。文章主题句在第一段，即However，oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway—bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage，由此可知选C。答案CPassage2体裁：说明文话题：旅鸽时间：6分钟(2021·课标Ⅰ卷)Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasanever­lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsoverthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood，whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.【语篇导读】本文表达了旅鸽逐步消失的过程。1．Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons________.A．werethebiggestbirdintheworldB．livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC．didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD．werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS解析事实细节题。根据文章第一段所述在18和19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，应选D。答案D2．Theunderlinedword“undoing〞probablyreferstothepigeons'________.A．escape B．ruinC．liberation D．evolution解析词义猜想题。根据文章第三段中“Wherethebirdswereabundant...bythethousands〞可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin和undoing词义类似，应选B。答案B3．Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A．Toseekpleasure. B．Tosaveotherbirds.C．Tomakemoney. D．Toprotectcrops.解析事实细节题。根据文章第二段中“Commercialhuntersattractedthem...soldinrestaurants〞可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。应选C。答案C4．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A．Itwasignoredbythepublic.B．Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C．Itwasunfair.D．Itwasstrict.解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“In1897，thestateof...for10years〞可知通过法律后的10年，鸽群数量仍然不多，所以制定法律为时已晚，应选B。答案BⅡ.仿真、模仿Passage1体裁：说明文话题：卫生保健时间：7分钟(2021·鹰潭一中月考)FiveBoomingCareersinHealthCareLovingwhatyoudoisgreat，butknowingyourcareerwillbetheretomorrowisevenbetter.Andwhenitcomestoboomingfields，thehealthcareindustryisonethat'sprimedforgrowth.Wanttopreparetotakeyourplaceinthehealthcarefield？Checkoutthesefivein­demandhealthcarecareers.Career1MedicalandHealthServicesManagerIfyouwanttotakeyourleadershipskillsintothegrowinghealthcarefield，considerpursuingacareerasamedicalandhealthservicesmanager.Asamedicalandhealthservicesmanageryoumightplan，direct，andorganizehealthservicesinanentirehealthcarefacility，oraspecificdepartmentorclinicalarea，saysU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Dailydutiescouldincludehandlingafacility'sfinances，creatingworkschedules，andmakingsurethathealthcareservicesaredeliveredefficiently.Career2MedicalAssistantIfyouareinterestedinworkinginadoctor'soffice，considerpreparingforacareerinthein­demandfieldofmedicalassisting.Asamedicalassistant，youcouldplayaroleinhelpingpatients'visitsgosmoothlyfromwhentheyfirstwalkinthedoor.Yourdutiesmightincludemeasuringvitalsigns，assistingthephysicianwithexaminations，recordinghealthinformation，andschedulingappointments，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career3RegisteredNurseReadytoputyourhelpfulnaturetouseinthelargesthealthcarefield？Lookintopreppingtopursueacareerinregisterednursing.Asaregisterednurse，youcouldworkcloselywithpatientsbyprovidingcare，education，andemotionalsupport.Youmightgivepatientsmedicinesandtreatments，observetheirconditions，orperformdiagnostic(诊断的)tests，saystheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career4PhysicalTherapistAssistantWanttoenteranin­demandhealthcarefieldwhereyoucouldreallyplayahands­onroleinhelpingpatientsrestoretheirphysicalfunctionality？Ifso，acareerasaphysicaltherapistassistantcouldbeagoodfit.Underthesupervisionofaphysicaltherapist，youcouldhelppatientsregainmovementastheyrecoverfrominjuries，illnesses，orsurgery.Yourroleintherehabilitationprocesscouldincludeassistingpatientswithtechniques(massage，stretching)andtherapeuticmethodslikeelectricalstimulationandmechanicaltraction，saystheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.Career5PharmacyTechnicianPreferahealthcarecareerthatislesshands­on？Considerpursuingacareerinthegrowingpharmacytechnicianfield.Pharmacytechnicianscanberesponsibleforcountingpills，fillingprescriptions，providingcustomerservice，andfulfillingadministrativetasksunderthesupervisionofalicensedpharmacist，accordingtotheU．S.DepartmentofLabor.【语篇导读】本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业。1．Asamedicalassistant，yourdutiesmightNOTinclude________.A．assistingthephysicianwithexaminationsB．recordinghealthinformationC．schedulingappointmentsD．providingcustomerservice解析细节理解题。根据职业二医务助理我们可以判断出答案。答案D2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutaphysicaltherapistassistant?A．He/Shecanhelppatientsgainmovementastheyareintheillness.B．His/Herfunctionincludesassistingpatientsandprovidingcustomerservice.C．His/Herdutymightincludemeasuringvitalsignsandrecordinghealthinformation.D．He/Shecouldplayapracticalroleinhelpingpatientsrestoretheirphysicalfunctionality.解析推理判断题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第一段，可得出答案D。答案D3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rehabilitation〞mean?A．Theprocessofimprovingorbecomingstronger.B．Theprocessofcuttingapartofaperson'sbodyinordertoremoveorrepairadamagedpart.C．Theprocessofrecordingsomebody'snameonanofficiallist.D．Theprocessofhelpingsomebodytohaveanormallifeagainaftertheyhavebeenillforalongtime.解析猜想词义题。根据上下文我们可以猜想出这个单词的意思是“康复，恢复〞。答案D4．Whatisvitalforphysicaltherapistassistantsandpharmacytechnicianstoperformtheirduties?A．Thenatureofhelpingothers.B．Knowledgeofmedicineandhealthcare.C．Theabilityofinterpersonalcommunication.D．Thesupervisionofalicenseddoctor.解析细节理解题。根据职业四助理理疗师中的第二段第一句和职业五药品技师的第二段可知，虽然A、B、C三项都是成为医药工作者所必需的素质，但是最关键的前提是有带执照的医师的监视，应选D。答案D5．Theauthorwritesthepassagemainlyto________.A．introducefiveboomingcareersinhealthcareB．persuadeyoutogointofiveboomingcareersinhealthcareC．advocatefiveboomingcareersinhealthcareD．classifyhealthcareintofivecareers解析主旨大意题。本文客观介绍了关于卫生保健中五种职业，并没有劝说读者去从事这些工作。答案APassage2体裁：记叙文话题：逸闻趣事时间：7分钟Therewasonceatinycountrythatwassufferingfromalongdrought.Ithadgonesolongwithoutrainthatthepeopletherewerestartingtogohungrybecauseofthebadharvests.Itjustsohappenedthatagroupofmusiciansweretravelingthecountry，tryingtomakealivingfromtheirconcerts.Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.“Butmusiccanhelpovercomeanyproblems，〞saidthemusicians，withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.Sothemusicianstriedtofindoutthereasonitwouldn'train.Itwasverystrange，becausetheskywasovercast，butnoonecouldprovideananswer.“It'sbeencloudylikethisformanymonths，butnotasingledropofrainhasfallen，〞peopletoldthem.“Don'tworry，we'llbringraintothecountry，〞themusiciansresponded，andtheybeganrehearsingforaconcertatthesummitofthehighestmountain.Everyonewhoheardthemusicwasseizedbycuriosityandwentupthemountain.Andtheconductorofthisstrangeorchestragavetheorder，andthemusiciansbegantoplay.Fromtheirinstrumentscamesmall，playfulmusicalnotesthatroseandroseintotheclouds.Themusicwassojoyous，happyandfun，andthenotesstartedplayingwiththeclouds'soft，fluffybellies，runninghereandthere，upanddown，andthewholeskyturnedintoonebiggameoftickletorture.Beforelong，thegiantcloudswerethunderingwithlaughter.Themusicianscontinuedplayingjoyfullyandafewminuteslatertheclouds，cryingwithlaughter，soakedthelittlecountrybelowwiththeirprecioustears，bringinghappinesstoall.Andinmemoryofthatmusicalrain，everyoneinthecountrylearnedhowtoplayaninstrumentand，takingturns，wouldgoupthemountaineverydaytobringjoytothecloudswiththeirbeautifulsongs.【语篇导读】一个干旱已久的小国，却因为音乐家们的到来，改变了他们的命运——音乐家通过在山顶上演奏音乐，从而为当地降下了甘霖。为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开场学习音乐，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。1．Whydidthecountryhavethebadharvests?A．Becauseit'stoohot. B．Becauseit'stoocold.C．Becauseit'stoowet. D．Becauseit'stoodroughty.解析细节理解题。根据第一段可知那个国家歉收的原因是因为长期干旱少雨，应选D项。答案D2．What'stheattitudeofthepeopletowardthemusicians?A．Active. B．Energetic.C．Cold. D．Enthusiastic.解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Butwithsomanyproblemsintheland，noonefeltlikelisteningtomusic.〞和“withoutanyonepayingthemtheslightestattention.〞可以推出人们对音乐家们的态度是冷淡的。应选C。答案C3．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?A．Cloudy B．RainyC．Sunny D．Windy解析词义猜想题。根据第四段中的“It'sbeencloudylikethis...〞可以推出overcast的意思与cloudy意思一样。应选A项。答案A4．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．Greatmusicians B．MusicforthecloudsC．Laughingclouds D．Musicrehearsing解析标题概括题。本文主要讲述了音乐家通过在山顶上为云彩演奏音乐，从而使云彩流动起来，最终降下了期盼已久的雨，为当地人们带来了快乐。由此可以推出文章的标题应选B项。答案B5．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthatthepeopleinthesmallcountry______.A．hatemusic B．lovemusicC．teachmusic D．practicemusic解析推理判断题。最后一段中讲到为了纪念那场音乐雨，人们开场学习乐器，并轮流到山上为云彩演奏音乐。由此可以推出人们喜欢音乐。答案BPassage3体裁：说明文话题：科学研究时间：7分钟(2021·广州调研)Imagineputtingaseedinafreezer，waiting30,000years，andthentakingtheseedoutandplantingit.Doyouthinkaflowerwouldgrow?Amazingly，scientistshavejustmanagedtodosomethingverysimilar.TheyfoundthefruitofanancientplantthathadbeenfrozenundergroundinSiberia—aregioncoveringcentralandeasternRussia—forabout31,800years.Usingpiecesofthefruit，thescientistsgrewplantsinalab.Thenewbloomshavedelicatewhitepetals.Theyarealsotheoldestfloweringplantsthatresearchershaveeverrevivedfromadeepfreeze.“Thisislikeregeneratingadinosaurfromtissuesofanancientegg，〞saidJaneShen­Miller，abiologistofUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.Theplanthasalonghistory.Backwhenmammothsandwoollyrhinoceroseswalkedontheland，anArcticgroundsquirrelburiedseedsandfruitsinanundergroundchamberneartheKolymaRiverinnortheasternSiberia.Thegroundbecamepermafrost，alayerofsoilthatstaysfrozenforalongtime.Recently，Russianscientistsdugouttheoldsquirrelholeandfoundtheplantremains38metersbelowthesurface.Backatthelab，theteamfednutrientstotissuefromthreeofthefruitstogrowshoots.Thenthescientiststransferredtheshootstopotsfilledwithsoil.Theplantsproducedseedsthatcouldbeusedtogrowevenmoreofthem.It'simportantforscientiststoknowthatplanttissuescanstillberevivedafterbeingfrozenforalongtime.That'sbecausemanyresearchersaretryingtopreservetheseedsofmodernplantsbyfreezingthemandthenstoringthemingiantlockersatvariousspotsaroundtheglobe.Onesuchendeavor，anundergroundfacilityinNorway，iscalledtheSvalbardGlobalSeedVault.Itstoreshundredsofthousandsoffrozenseeds.Ifaplantevergoesextinct，scientistscouldbringitbackbytakingitsseedsfromtheSvalbardorotherstoragelockers.“Nooneknowshowlongtheyareabletolivefor，butfreezingisbasicallytheformatformanyplantconservationattemptsnowadays，〞JaneShen­Millersaid.It'sagoodthingthatatleastsomeplantsaretoughenoughtosurviveintheexperience.【语篇导读】本文是一篇科普文字，介绍一个科研工程，一个对数万年种子的实验。1．Howwereseedsandfruitsoriginallyintheundergroundchamber?A．Theywereplacedtherebyananimal.B．TheyweretrappedthereduringtheIceAge.C．Theywereplantedtherebyancientfarmers.D．Theywereburiedthereaftertheearthquake.解析细节理解题。由第四段的第二句可知，当初是松鼠把它们埋在地下的，应选A项。答案A2．WhichofthefollowingwasNOTusedtorecreatetheancientplant?A．Modernnutrients. B．Partsofthefruits.C．Itsfrozenseeds. D．Plantpotswithsoil.解析细节理解题。由第五段可知，在培育新苗时没有用冷冻的种子。答案C3．Whyarescientistsinterestedinthisdiscovery?A．Ithelpsthemlearnhowplantlifehaschangedinthepast30,000years.B．Itcanhelpguidefutureeffortstoprotectendangeredplants'life.C．Itcanprovidedirectionstolookforotherancientplants.D．Itprovesthatallplantlifecansurviveforthousandsofyearswhenfrozen.解析推理判断题。由第六段的第二句可推知，这一发现对于保管濒危植物种子的研究有着严重意义。答案B4．Theunderlinedword“they〞inthefinalparagraphrefersto________.A．plants B．seedsC．scientists D．storagelockers解析代词指代题。联络上文，尤其是上一段的内容可以看出they指代的是种子，应选B。答案B5．Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A．discussaplantconservationeffortB．introducesomeancientplantsC．outlinesomecausesofglobalwarmingD．describeascientificresearchproject解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文意在介绍一个科研工程，故答案为D项。答案DPassage4体裁：议论文话题：儿童教育时间：7分钟(2021·西北工业大学附中模仿)Gaymarriage，andespeciallygayparenting，hasbeenin_the_cross_hairsinrecentdays.OnJan.6，RickSantorumtoldaNewHampshireaudiencethatchildrenarebetteroffwithafatherinprisonthanbeingraisedinahomewithlesbianparentsandnofatheratall.AndlastMonday(Jan.9)，PopeBenedictcalledgaymarriageathreat“tothefutureofhumanityitself〞．citingtheneedforchildrentohaveheterosexualhomes.Butresearchonfamiliesheadedbygaysandlesbiansdoesn'tbackuptheseviews.Infact，insomeways，gayparentsmaybringtalentstothetablethatstraightparentsdon't.Gayparents“tendtobemoremotivated，morecommittedthanheterosexualparentsonaverage，becausetheychosetobeparents，〞saidAbbieGoldberg，apsychologistatClarkUniversitywhoresearchesgayandlesbianparenting.Gaysandlesbiansrarelybecomeparentsbyaccident，comparedwithanalmost50percentaccidentalpregnancyrateamongheterosexuals，Goldbergsaid.“Thattranslatestogreatercommitmentonaverageandmoreinvolvement.〞Andwhileresearchindicatesthatkidsofgaypar