2017年4月自考00603英语写作试题及答案含解析

英语写作年月真题

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1、【问答题】TheBenefitsofRegularExerciseInrecentyears,manypeoplehave

becomeincreasinglyawareoftheneedforphysicalfitness.Almosteverywhere

peopleturn,whethertoanewsstallortelevision,adviceforimprovinghealth

bombardsthem.Althoughmuchofthisadviceisforcommercialpurposes,someofit,

especiallythatadvocatingaregularexerciseprogram,deservesseriousattention.

Suchaprogram,ifconsistingofexerciseatleastthirtyminutesthreetimesa

week,providesnumerousbenefits.Regularexercisereleasestension,improves

appearance,andincreasesstamina（耐力）．Thefirstofthesebenefits,the

releaseoftension,isimmediate.Tensionbuildsinthebodybecauseofstress,

anxiety,orfear,Doctorsagreethatparticipatinginanactivesportsuchas

tennisorvolleyballforthirtyminuteseasestension.Ifapersonswims,jogsor

ridesabicycleforhalfthattime,hewouldsleepbetteratnightandhavea

bettermoodthenextday.Inaddition,afterthereliefoftension,minor

irritationsandfrustrationsshouldbelesstroubling.Forexample,ifoneis

upsetbytheday’sworkorbyatrafficjam,hemayrushhome,arguewiththe

family,andeatexcessively.Takingaboutthirtyminutestoreleasefrustrations

throughphysicalexercisecouldhelphimtoavoidthisbehavior.Plannedphysical

exercise,therefore,caneliminateoratleastcontroltension.

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__________________________________________Inadditiontoanimprovedappearance,

increasedphysicalstrengthproducesstamina.Astronger,healthierbodyis

obviouslymorecapableofworkingharderinfact,ofwithstandingnormalfatigue.

Aworkerwhoexercisesshouldbeabletocompleteaforty-hourweekandstill

retainenoughenergyforshoppingandhousework.Similarly,astudentwhogoesto

school,keepshouseandperhapsworksparttimeshouldaccomplishtasksmore

efficiently.Equallyimportant,thisstaminahelpstokeepoffillnessessuchas

coldsandinfluenza.Altogether,improvedenduranceisoneofthemost

importantbenefitsofaregularexerciseprogram.Althougheasysolutionsto

weight-losingandbody-shapingfloodthemedia,actuallyacquiringthesebenefits

isnoteasy.Therewards,however,arefullyworththeeffort.An

establishedexerciseprogrammakesapersonfeelrelaxed,lookgood,andhave

adequatestrengthforstrenuousaswellasroutineactivities.

答案：【参考答案】Animprovedappearance,thesecondbenefitofregular

exercise,isnotsoimmediatelyapparent.Exercisetakesperhapsamonthor

longertoshowitsresultsinatrimmer,firmerfigure.Improvement,however,

willcome.Takeapersonwhoistenpoundsoverweightforinstance.Hemaybe

ableduringthistimetoburnawaymostexcessfatandtotightenmuscles,

therebyreshapingthephysique.Itfollowsthathewillwearclothesmore

attractivelyandcomfortably.Combinedwithasensiblediet,anexercise

programwillalsoimproveaperson’sskintone.Thisimprovedappearancewill

provideconfidenceandfavorablyimpressothers.

解析：通过仔细阅读，本文属于说明文，要合理补全缺失段落，我们需要明确该补充什么

内容，以及该以怎样的方式将其呈现出来。除了逻辑上的有效分析之外，我们还应该了解

到introduction和summary是补全文章主题段落缺失内容的主要线索。一个合格的

thesisstatement不但是全文的中心思想句，还进一步明确并限制了每一个主体段落的大

体内容及行文方式。这类题目旨在考察学生对thesisstatement作用的认识以及学生对文

章的Unity和Coherence的把握。该文章第一段的最后一句至关重要，因为它引出了接下

来的几个段落中心，说明坚持锻炼身体的好处主要有三个：Regularexercisereleases

tension,improvesappearance,andincreasesstamina（耐力）。接下来的段落中，提

到了前两点，第三点increasesstamina没有提及，因此要把这段内容补充上。

2、【问答题】HowtoRaiseaMoralRobotInthefuture,humanswillcreatemore

intelligentandmoremoralrobotsthanthoseportrayedintherecentfilmChappie.

Whatthefilmtouchesonisperhapsthegreatestchallengeofraisingmoral

robots.Thetoughestpartishowtosafelyintegraterobotsintosociety.Asis

known,humansarethemostpowerfullearningmachinesonEarth.Ifrobotsareto

bepartofhumansociety,theyhavetobecomeatleastsecondbestatlearning.Is

itpossibleforhumanstoproducemoralrobotlearners?Moreandmorescientists

ofartificialintelligence（ADagreethattrueintelligencecomesfromlearning,

notjustfromprogramming.Withagrowingnumberofmachinelearningapproaches

available,robotscantakeinnewinformation..Theyturnthatinformationinto

instructionsandlearnfromfeedbacktoadjustactionsintheever-changing

environments.Robotlearning,however,musthavelimits.Ifscientistssucceedin

buildingsophisticatedrobotsthatcanlearn,theywillhavetoestablishlimits

tohowrobotslearn.Ifrobotsareallowedtolearnanythingtheycanandwant,

theymaybecomebrutalbullies.Therefore,programmersmustsetrulesandlaws

thatprohibitthemfromlearninganythingsociallyundesirable.Oneapproachto

thatproblemisdemocraticrobotlearning.Programmerswriteasmallnumberof

fundamentalnormsintotherobot,andletitlearntheremainingones.These

fundamentalnormswillincludepreventionofharm,especiallytohumans,butalso

politenessandrespect.Thenormswillthenbetranslatedintobehavior,for

example,whatitmeanstobepoliteinaparticularcontext.Theyalsodefine

conditionsunderwhichonefundamentalnormcanreplaceanother.It’sOK,for

instance,todroppolitenesswhenarobottriestosavesomeonefromharm.

Democraticrobotlearningwouldalsoguidearobotindealingwithcontradictory

teachers.Sayonepersontriestoteachtherobottoshare,andanothertriesto

teachittosteal.Inthatcase,therobotshouldaskthewholecommunitywhich

teacheritshouldlistento.Afterall,thenormsandmoralsofacommunityare

typicallyheldbythemajorityofmembersinthatcommunity.Thisapproachwould

alsopreventrobotsfromlearningsomethingevilinhumansociety.Humans

aregenerallycooperativeandkindtowardsthosewhomtheyconsiderpartof

theirgroup,buttheycanbecomewickedandcrueltowardsthoseoutsidetheir

group.Ifrobotslearnsuchhostilesentimentsandevilactions,theymayvery

wellbecomeathreattohumanity.Takerobotsinsomescience-fictionfilms

forexample.Theygetoutofhumancontrol,turntheirhumanmastersinto

slaves,andevenkillthem.Ifthosehorriblescenescomeintoreality,itwould

beadisastertomankind.Somehow,societywillhavetoprotectrobots

fromcontinuingdarkhumanheritage.Ifsuccessful,robotswillbehelpful

tohumanityasawhole-lendingahandinproduction,healthcare,education

andeldercare.ThatiswhatAIscientistsshouldpursue,andthosearethe

moralrobotshumansocietyshouldraise.

答案：【参考答案】SentenceOutlineⅠ.Introduction:(Paragraph1)A.It’s

challengingforhumanstoraisemoralrobots.B.Thesis:Tobepartofhuman

society,robotshavetobecomegoodmorallearners.Ⅱ.Trueintelligentrobots

canlearn,butwithintheboundariessetbyhumans.(Paragraph2-3)A.Robots

canlearntoadjusttheiractions.B.Limitsmustbesetforrobotstostayaway

fromanythingundesirable.Ⅲ.Democraticrobotlearningapproachhelpsto

makerobotsmoral.(Paragraph4-6)A.Robotslearnfundamentalnorms.B.Robots

learntodealwithconflictinginstructions.C.Robotslearntostayaway

fromsomethingevil.Ⅳ.Conclusion:Humansneedtoraisetrustworthyand

trulyhelpfulrobots.(Paragraph7)

解析：一般来讲，提纲有两种常见类型，即Topicoutline和Sentenceoutline。本题要

求的提纲是后者，即用主谓结构俱全的句子组成的提纲。在实际练习中，抓住重点关键词

和中心句是非常重要的，其他的段落及相关发展段落都会迎刃而解。同时，了解了提纲的

结构和根本意义便可以使逆向思维更为丰富，有效辅助关键词和中心句及中心思想的理解

及辨识。本题是对英语写作理论运用的考察。重点考察学生的分析、归纳及总结能力。本

题要求的是一个sentenceoutline，中心思想为“Technologyhasdrawbacks,andit

cannotreplacehumancontact.”每一个主体段落中的句子的关系，就是这个段落中各个

展开句之间的关系，依据这一点就可以简化思路，提高效率。

3、【问答题】Whenyoungpeoplelookforfakeboy/girlfriendstospendholidays

with,theyoftenturnto“rent-a-boy/girlfriend”servicesonline.Writea300-

wordexpositoryessayexploringtheeffectsofthisphenomenon,

答案：【参考答案】Girlfriendandboyfriendrentingservicesarerelativelynew

inChina,andalthoughalotofpeopledon’tapproveofsuchpractices,they

arequicklygainingpopularity.Oneofthereasonsforthiscouldbea

successfulTVseriescalled“RentingaGirlfriendforHomeReunion”,that

airedin2010.Ittellsthestoryofayoungmansickofgoingonblinddates

setupbyhisparents,whodecidestorentagirlfriendandendsupfallingin

loveandmarryingher.Whileinsomepeople'sminds,thiskindofservice

createsanopportunityoffindingtheirotherhalf,sociologistswarna