2022年10月自考00830现代语言学试题及答案含解析

现代语言学年月真题

00830202210

1、【单选题】Ofthefollowingbranches,______doesnotbelongtothecoreof

linguistics.

semantics

phonology

A:

syntax

B:

sociolinguistics

C:

答D:案：D

解析：Thecoreoflinguistics：Phonetic（语音学），Phonology（音位学），

Morphology（形态学），Synax（句法学），Semantics（语义学），Pragmatics（语用

学）。

2、【单选题】Thestudyofthesoundsfromthespeaker'spointofview,i.e.,how

aspeakeruseshisspeechorganstoarticulatethesoundsiscalled______.

auditoryphonetics

acousticphonetics

A:

articulatoryphonetics

B:

generalphonetics

C:

答D:案：C

解析：发音语音学是从说话人的角度来研究声音的，也就是说，说话人如何使用他的语言

器官来发音。

3、【单选题】Oftheaffixes(italicized)inthefollowingwords,______isa

inflectionalaffix.

dis-like

in-correct

A:

fast-est

B:

teach-er

C:

答D:案：C

解析：屈折词缀或屈折语素表示数、时、度、格等不同的语法关系或语法范畴。保留下来

的包括:-ed，-ed，，-en，-ing，-’s，-er，-est

4、【单选题】AnothernameforChomsky'stheoryofuniversalgrammar(UG)is

______theory.

functionalsystemic

languageacquisition

A:

principles-and-parameters

B:

cognitivelexical

C:

答D:案：C

解析：自20世纪80年代初以来，诺姆·乔姆斯基和其他生成语言学家提出并发展了一种

普遍语法理论(UG)，称为原则和参数理论。

5、【单选题】ThesemantictrianglesuggestedbyOgdenandRichardscanbest

illustratethe______viewonthestudyofmeaning.

behaviorist

conceptualist

A:

constructivist

B:

humanist

C:

答D:案：B

解析：概念主义观点认为，语言形式和它所指的东西之间(即语言和现实世界之间)没有直

接联系;相反，在对意义的解释中，它们是通过心灵中概念的中介联系在一起的。奥格登

和理查兹提出的经典意义语义三角最能说明这一点。

6、【单选题】Accordingto______，speechactsfallintofivegeneral

categories:representatives,directives,commissives,expressivesanddeclarations.

Austin

Grice

A:

Searle

B:

Sapir

C:

答D:案：C

解析：根据约翰·塞尔的理论，言语行为可以分为五大类

7、【单选题】Theword“brunch"iscreatedbythewordformationruleof

______，whichmeanscombiningpartsofotherwords.

acronym

blending

A:

B:

abbreviation

clipping

C:

答D:案：B

解析：混合是将单词的各个部分组合成新词的过程。比如，雾霾，早午餐。

8、【单选题】Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialect

isits______.

grammar

accent

A:

vocabulary

B:

writing

C:

答D:案：B

解析：一个地方方言最显著的语言特征是它的口音。口音指的是一种发音方式，它能告诉

听者说话者的地区或社会背景。它要区别于方言这个词，方言描述的是语法，词汇和发音

的组合特征。

9、【单选题】Whorfproposedastrongnotionoflinguisticdeterminismthatall

higherlevelsofthinkingaredependenton______.

speaking

language

A:

speech

B:

writing

C:

答D:案：B

解析：沃尔夫首先提出，所有更高层次的思维都依赖于语言。或者更直白地说，语言决定

思维，因此才有了语言决定论的强烈概念。

10、【单选题】Atsomepointduringthesecondyearoflife,childrenundergo

______stage,utteringsentenceslike“Babychair",“Doggiebark",“Appleme”.

babbling

one-word

A:

two-word

B:

multiword

C:

答D:案：C

解析：儿童的双词话语可以表达一定的由词序所指示的语法关系。比如：Babychair，

Daddyhat，Mummysock，Doggiebark.

11、【判断题】Theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofa

speechcommunityisreferredtoparole.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyall

themembersofaspeechcommunity,andparolereferstotherealizationof

langueinactualuse.

12、【判断题】PhonologicalrulespermissibleinEnglishmightnotbepermissible

inanotherlanguage.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

13、【判断题】Suffixesareaddedtotheendofstems;theymodifythemeaningof

theoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

14、【判断题】Thesyntacticrulesofanynaturallanguageareinfiniteinnumber,

andyetthereisafinitenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguage

areabletoproduceandunderstand.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberof

sentences.

15、【判断题】Intermsoftruthcondition,thesentence"Thetablehasbad

intentions"issemanticallyanomalous.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

16、【判断题】Utteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning,whichistherealization

oftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinacontext.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：A

解析：T。

17、【判断题】Culturaltransmissionhasnoeffectonlanguagechange.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Culturaltransmissionhaseffectsonlanguagechange.

18、【判断题】Fromalinguisticpointofview,anethniclanguagevarietysuch

asBlackEnglishisastandarddialectofAmericanEnglish.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：BlackEnglishisanonstandarddialectofAmericanEnglish.

19、【判断题】Ifachilddoesnotacquirelanguageduringthecriticalperiod

foranyreason,heorsheislikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.

正确

错误

A:

B:

答案：B

解析：F。改正：heorsheislikelytosufferfromaseverelanguagedeficit.

20、【判断题】Humanbeingsaregeneticallypredeterminedtoacquirelanguage,

andthisgeneticpredispositionisasufficientconditionforlanguagedevelopment.

正确

错误

A:

答B:案：B

解析：F。改正：Thegeneticpredispositionisnotasufficientconditionfor

languagedevelopment

21、【问答题】WhatarethemajortypesofsynonymsinEnglish?

答案：WhatarethemajortypesofsynonymsinEnglish?Synonymyreferstothe

samenessorclosesimilarityofmeaning.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningare

calledsynonyms.Englishisrichinsynonymsforhistoricalreasons.According

tothewaytheydiffer,synonymscanbedividedintothefollowinggroups:

A.Dialectalsynonyms--synonymsusedindifferentregionaldialectsTheseare

wordswithmoreorlessthesamemeaningusedindifferentregionaldialects.

BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharethetwomajorgeographicalvarieties

oftheEnglishlanguage.Forexample:BritishEnglishAmericanEnglish

autumnfallliftelevatorluggagebaggagepetrolgasolineflatapartment

B.Stylisticsynonyms--synonymsdifferinginstyleWordshavingthesame

meaningmaydifferinstyle,ordegreeofformality.Inotherwords,somewords

tendtomoreformal,otherscasual,andstillothersneutralinstyle.For

example:oldman,daddy,dad,father,maleparentstart,begin,commence

kid,child,offspringroom,chamberC.Synonymsthatdifferintheir

emotiveorevaluativemeaningThesearewordsthatbearthesamemeaningbut

expressdifferentemotionsoftheuser,indicatingtheattitudeorbiasofthe

usertowardwhatheistalkingabout.Forexample:economical,frugal,thrifty,

mean,miserly,stingylike,love,admire,adore,worshipD.Collocational

synonymsSomesynonymsdifferintheircollocation,i.e.,inthewordsthey

gotogetherwith.Forexample:accuse,charge,rebuke.Theyarefollowedby

differentprepositions--accuse...of,charge...with,rebuke...for.

E.SemanticallydifferentsynonymsThesearesynonymsthatdifferslightlyin

whattheymean.Forexample:“amaze”and“astonish”areveryclosein

meaningtotheword“surprise”,buthaveverysubtledifferences.While

“amaze”suggestsconfusionandbewilderment,“astonish”suggestsdifficulty

inbelieving.

22、【问答题】Howdopragmaticsandsemanticsarerelatedandhowdotheydiffer?

答案：Howdopragmaticsandsemanticsarerelatedandhowdotheydiffer?(1)

Semanticsandpragmaticsaretwobranchesoflinguistics.(2)Bothare

linguisticstudiesofmeaning.(3)Insemantics,meaningoflanguageis

consideredassomethingintrinsic,andinherent.Themeaningsofwords,

meaningsofsentencesareallstudiedinanisolatedmanner,detachedfromthe

contextinwhichtheyareused.Semanticsismainlyconcernedwiththemeanings

ofwordsandsentencesinisolation.(4)Inpragmatics,thecontextof

languageuseisconsidered,therealsituationsofcommunication,theknowledge

sharedbythespeakerandthehearermustbeincluded.Pragmaticsismainly

concernedwiththemeaningsofutterances(sentencesusedincontext),the

intendedmeaningsofthespeakerinutteringsentencesincontexts.

23、【填空题】Chomskydefinesc______astheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherules

ofhislanguage.

答案：Competence

24、【填空题】Whentheobstructionistotalorcomplete,thespeechsound

producedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainis

calledas______.

答案：stop。

25、【填空题】P______modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchange

thepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.

答案：Prefixes

26、【填空题】Informallinguistics,asentencestructuremayhavetwolevelsof

syntacticrepresentation,thedeepstructurethatexistsbeforemovementtakes

place,andtheothers______structurethatoccursafterthemovementtakesplace.

答案：structure

27、【填空题】Thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Suchawordis

calledap______word.

答案：polysemy

28、【填空题】AccordingtoJohnAustin'sspeechacttheory,aspeakermight

performthreeactssimultaneouslywhenspeaking:locutionaryact,illocutionary

actandp______act.

答案：perlocutionary

29、【填空题】Englishhasundergonedramaticchangesthroughoutthethreemajor

periodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandM______English.

答案：Modern

30、【填空题】R______arelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseindifferent

particularspeechsituations,incontrasttolanguagevarietiesthatare

associatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers.

答案：Registers

31、【填空题】Whenwelisten,thewordisheardandcomprehendedviaW______area.

答案：Wernicke’s

32、【填空题】Languageacquisitionisprimarilytheacquisitionoftheg______

systemoflanguage.

答案：grammatical

33、【名词解释】language

答案：Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman

communication.

34、【名词解释】suprasegmentalfeatures

答案：Suprasegmentalfeaturesisphonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevel

ofthesegmentsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures;thesearethe

phonologicalpropertiesofsuchunitsasthesyllable,theword,andthe

sentence.Themainsuprasegmentalfeaturesincludestress,intonation,andtone.

35、【名词解释】morphologicalrules

答案：Morphologicalrulesaretherulesthatgovernwhichaffixcanbeadded

towhattypesofstemtoformanewword.

36、【名词解释】phrasestructurerules

答案：phraseestructurerulesisarewriterulethatallowsfor

thepossiblecombinationsofwordstoformphrasesandsentences.

37、【名词解释】predication

答案：Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled

predication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.

38、【名词解释】maximofmanner

答案：maxim