英语专业综合教程2unit13Focusonglobalwarming省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课

Unit13Focusonglobalwarming1/86Warm-up1.

Whatdoyouknowaboutglobalwarming?Whatisthecauseofglobalwarming?2.

WhatchangescouldthegreenhouseeffectcreateintheEarth’sclimate?3.Whatcanwedotodealwiththegreenhouseeffect?2/863/864/865/866/867/868/869/861.Whataresomeoftheenvironmentalproblemsintoday’sworld?2.Whatiscausingtheenvironmentalproblems?3.Whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?10/861.Whataresomeoftheenvironmentalproblemsintoday’sworld?airpollutionwaterpollutionforestsdisappearing/deforestationfarmlandshrinkingnoisegreenhouseeffect

11/862.Whatiscausingtheenvironmentalproblems?vehiclesgivingoffharmfulgasesfactoriesemittinggasesmachinesandvehiclesmakingalotofnoiseuncontrolledcuttingdownthetreesmassiveuseoffertilizerandpesticidebuildings,factoriesandotherfacilitiesoccupyingfarmlandspeopledumpinggarbageeverywhere12/863.Whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?sparenatureresourcespreventwastewaterfrombeingreleasedfromfactoriesrecyclemakelessnoiseplantmoretreesmakelawstoprotectourenvironmentusecleanenergyresourcesinventnewcleanmaterials13/86Environmentalprotectionorganizations

GreenParty

aBritishpoliticalpartythataimstoprotecttheenvironment.Itisagainsttheuseofnuclearpowerandotherformsofindustryandtransportwhichitconsidersharmful.Itwasformedin1973astheEcologyParty,andchangeditsnametotheGreenPartyin1985.Othercountriesalsohavepartiesthatsharethesamenameandideals.14/86alargeinternationalpressuregroupthataimstoprotecttheenvironment.Itsmembersarewell-knowfortakingdirectactionandputtingtheirownlivesindangerinordertostoppeoplefromharmingtheenvironment.Forexample,theyoftengooutinsmallboatstostoppeoplefromkillingwhalesorthrowingpoisonousmaterialsintothesea.aUSgovernmentorganizationthatestablishedrulesandstandardsforprotectingtheenvironment,e.g.againstpollution.Greenpeace:TheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA):15/86MyThoughtsonEnvironmentalProtection

Whenfacedwithallkindsofenvironmentalproblem,manypeopleseemtobelievethatwehaveto________eithereconomicprosperityorenvironmentalprotection.Inmyview,thisisa_____choice.Ithinkthateconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioncanandmustcoexist.Itistruethatdevelopmenthas_________withitanumberofenvironmentalproblems,suchasairpollution,water________andacidrain,butatthesametimemodernindustryandcommercehavegreatly_________ourlives.Fewwouldwishtolivewithoutthe__________oftelevision,automobiles,computersetc.Tostop____________ourindustryandcommerceforthesakeofnaturealoneispure_____________.Ofcourse,wecan’talloweconomicgrowthtogoonatthe________oftheenvironment,either.Whenahealthyenvironmentisgone,everythingthatourlife_________onisgone,too.Sowemustprotecttheenvironment–notforthesakeofenvironmentalone,butforthesakeofman.choosefalsebroughtshortagesimprovedbenefitsdevelopingsentimentalismexpensedepends16/86ListentotheVOASpecialEnglishEnvironmentReportonastudyofozone,andchoosethebestanswerbasedontheinformationyouhear.MontrealProtocol

蒙特利尔协议Chlorofluorocarbons(C-F-C)

氯氟碳化合物coolant冷冻剂device装置stratosphere(气)同温层，最上层17/861.Whatisthefunctionofozone?A.protectusfromradiationfromthesunB.useasdisinfects(消毒剂)C.purifytheair2.Theresearchwasbasedontheinformationgatheredby_____?A.satellitesB.equipmentonEarthC.Both3.Thefindingsoftheresearchshowsthat_______.A.lossofozoneslowsB.theozonelayerhasrecoveredC.ozoneisgainedintheatmosphere4.WhichisNOTTRUEabouttheMontrealProtocol?A.Itrestrictstheuseofanumberofchemicalswhichdestroyozone.B.Itisaninternationaltreatyfrom1930s.C.ItisworkingbyreducingC-F-Cpollution.18/86scriptThisisBobDoughtywiththeVOASpecialEnglishEnvironmentReport.ScientistsintheUnitedStateshavereportedsomegoodnewsabouttheozoneintheatmosphere.Recentfindingssuggestthatthedestructionofozonebypollutionisslowing.Ozoneisaformofoxygen.ItspresenceaboveEarthprotectsusfromradiationfromthesun.Inonestudy,researchersexaminedinformationgatheredbyNASAspaceagencysatellitesandbyequipmentonEarth.Thefindings?InthewordsofMichaelNewchurchoftheUniversityofAlabama:"Thisisthebeginningofarecoveryoftheozonelayer."MisterNewchurchledthestudy.Hesaystheatmospherewaslosingabouteightpercentoftheozonelayerperten-yearperiodsincethelatenineteen-seventies.Inthelastfiveyears,though,thatrateoflosshasdroppedbyhalf.Hesaystheatmosphereshouldstarttogainozonebeforelong.Hesaysafullrecovery,however,isaboutfiftyyearsaway,aslongastheMontrealProtocolremainsinplace.19/86Thatisaninternationaltreatyfromnineteen-eighty-seventorestoretheozonelayer.Thetreatyrestrictstheuseofanumberofchemicalsthatdestroyozone,likechlorofluorocarbons,orC-F-C's.WideuseofC-F-C'sbeganinthenineteen-thirties.Theybecamepopularcoolantsindevicessuchasrefrigeratorsandairconditioners.C-F-C'sremainintheatmosphereforyears.MisterNewchurchsaysthestudyprovidesevidencethattheMontrealProtocolisworkingbyreducingC-F-Cpollution.Butthestudyfoundtheozoneimprovementonlyintheupperstratosphere.Thescientistshavenotyetseenevidenceofsimilarchangesinthelowerstratosphere.Thatholdsmostoftheprotectiveozone.20/86GlobalstudyStructureanalysisPartI:PartIIpara3-4thecausesoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Para5-6theeffectofsuchconcentrationonclimatechanges.Para7thepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival.PartIII21/86WritingstyleExpositoryprose/expositionIntroducesthephenomenonofglobalwarmingandtheactionwecouldtakewithscientificstatistics,clearstructureandprecisediction22/861.(Para1-2)

makesupthe1stpartwhichservesastheintroductionofthewholepassage.Theauthormentionshowglobalwarming,whichusedtoatopicofacademicjournals,hasbecomeamatterofincreasingpublicconcern.Thisconcernisjustifiedbypublicfearsabouttheconsequencesofglobalwarming.Detailstudy

23/86Detailstudy

Question:whyhavepeopleshownincreasingconcernaboutglobalwarming?Answer:itisaharbingerofwhattocome----thethreattolow-lyingnations,changeofrainanddroughtpatterns,frequenthurricanesandintenseElNinos.24/86Languagework

1.perusetoreadthroughcarefully.Eg.Weperusedthecompany'sfinancialstatementsforthepastfiveyears...Haveyouperusedthearticle?25/86periodical(1)n.Periodicalsaremagazines,especiallyseriousoracademicones,thatarepublishedatregularintervals.Theperiodicalisobtainableontheveryfirstdayofeverymonth.(2)adj.Periodicaleventsorsituationshappenoccasionally,atfairlyregularintervals.

Shemadeperiodicalvisitstoherdentist.=periodic26/86Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelocallibraryandperusedthe…warming.Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyougotolocallibraryandreadsomemagazinescarefullyforcertainpassagesconcerningtheissueofglobalwarming.27/86abstract1)n.Anabstract

ofanarticle,document,orspeechisashortpieceofwritingthatgivesthemainpointsofit.=summary2)adj.Anabstractideaorwayofthinkingisbasedongeneralideasratherthanonrealthingsandevents.

...abstractprinciplessuchasjustice...

It'snotaquestionofsomeabstractconcept.=theoretical3)adj.Ingrammar,anabstractnounreferstoaqualityoridearatherthantoaphysicalobject.

...abstractwordssuchasglory,honor,andcourage.

28/86hard-core1)adj.Oftenderogativeverystronglyfollowingaparticularbelieforactivity,andunlikelytochangee.g.hard-coreoppositiontothegovernment与政府势不两立反对派ahard-corecriminaltype一名死不悔改罪犯2)adj.Showingordescribingsexualactivityinaveryopenanddetailedway.Hard-corepornography赤裸裸色情作品29/86Hardcoren.oftenderogativethesmallcentralgroupthattakesthemostactivepartwithinalargergroupororganization.Thehardcoreofpartyactivistsmake/makesallthedecisions.党主动分子中中坚力量制订全部决议。30/86blurb

The

blurbaboutanewbook,film,orexhibitionisinformationaboutitthatiswritteninordertoattractpeople'sinterest.31/86esotericIfyoudescribesomethingasesoteric,youmeanitisknown,understood,orappreciatedbyonlyasmallnumberofpeople.(FORMAL)

...esotericknowledge.

...aspoiledaristocratwithpretentiousairsandesoterictastes.32/86...you’dprobablyhavecomeupwithonlyafewabstractsfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybeablurbinsomeesotericgeopoliticalmagazine.Maybeyoucanfindsummarizingpartofsomepassagesfromafewmostauthoritativesciencejournalsorsomeintroductoryarticlesaboutglobalwarmingfromunintelligiblemagazineconcerningthefieldofgeography.33/86attestToattestsomethingorattest

tosomethingmeanstosay,show,orprovethatitistrue.(FORMAL)

Policerecordsattesttohislonghistoryofviolence...

Icanpersonallyattestthatthecoldandfluseasonishere...34/86Asaninternetsearchonglobalwarmingnowattests,thesubjecthasbecomeasrootedinourpublicconsciousnessasMadonnaormicrowavecookingAsInternetsearchonglobalwarmingprovesthatthesubjectshasgotfixedinpeople’smind,justlikeMadonnaormicrowavecooking.Madonna:/v_show/id_XOTMyNDIzMg==_rss.html

35/86asteroidAnasteroidisoneoftheverysmallplanetsthatmovearoundthesunbetweenMarsandJupiter.36/8637/8638/86Withthepossible…threattoourplanet.GlobalwarmingwillprobablybethemostseriousthreattoourEarth,ifwedonottakeintoaccountsomeotherpossibleincidents,suchasanotherworldwar,collisionofourEarthwithsomelargeorbitingplanets,orspreadofincurabledisease.Paraphrase39/86spew1)Whensomethingspewsoutasubstanceorwhenasubstancespewsfromsomething,thesubstanceflowsoutquicklyinlargequantities.

Thevolcanospewedoutmorescorchingvolcanicashes,gasesandrocks...

Leakingoilspewedfromthetanker...

2)VERBIfsomeonespewsorspewsup,theyvomit.(INFORMAL)Fordecadeshumanfactoriesandcarshavespewed…Inthepastyears,thereisalargeamountofwastegasesdischargedintotheair.

40/86harbingerSomethingthatisaharbinger

ofsomethingelse,especiallysomethingbad,isasignthatitisgoingtohappen.(LITERARY)

TheNovemberairstungmycheeks,aharbingerofwinter.

Thecrowingofthecockisaharbingerofdawn.鸡啼报晓。Thecuckooisaharbingerofspring.布谷鸟预告春天降临。41/86curbIfyoucurbsomething,youcontrolitandkeepitwithinlimits.

...advertisementsaimedatcurbingthespreadofAids...Curbisalsoanoun.

Hecalledformuchstrictercurbsonimmigration.Ifyoucurbanemotionoryourbehavior,youkeepitundercontrol.

Hecurbedhistemper...=check,restrain42/86emissionAnemission

ofsomethingsuchasgasorradiationisthereleaseofitintotheatmosphere.(FORMAL)

Theemissionofgasessuchascarbondioxideshouldbestabilizedattheirpresentlevel...

Sulfuremissionsfromsteelmillsbecomeacidrain.43/86awashadj.Ifthegroundorafloorisawash,itiscoveredinwater,oftenbecauseofheavyrainorastheresultofanaccident.

Thebathroomfloorwasawash.Ifaplaceisawash

withsomething,itcontainsalargeamountofit.

This,afterall,isacompany,whichisawashwithcash.44/86Ifwedon’tcurbourgreenhousegasemission,…Ifwecanstopthegivingoffofpoisonousgases,thenthenationslyingclosetowaterorgroundlevelcouldbecoveredwithseawater.45/86ElNino46/86intenseIntenseisusedtodescribesomethingthatisverygreatorextremeinstrengthordegree.Histhreatsbecomemoreintense,agitated,andfrequent.Ifyoudescribeanactivityasintense,youmeanthatitisveryseriousandconcentrated,andofteninvolvesdoingagreatdealinashorttime.

Thebattleforthirdplacewasintense...47/86Ifyoudescribethewaysomeonelooksatyouasintense,youmeanthattheylookatyouverydirectlyandseemtoknowwhatyouarethinkingorfeeling.

Ifeltsoself-consciousunderLuke'smother'sintensegaze...Ifyoudescribeapersonasintense,youmeanthattheyappeartoconcentrateveryhardoneverythingthattheydo,andtheyfeelandshowtheiremotionsinaveryextremeway.

Iknowhe'sanintenseplayer,buthedoesenjoywhathe'sdoing...48/86PartII:ourwarmingplanetPara3thecauseoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Question:whatarecausesoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegases?Answers:theemissionofcarbondioxidefromourpowerplantsandcars,productionofmethanefromourtrashdecompositionandcattle-breeding,andreleaseofnitrogenoxidefromourfertilizer.49/86Whathasworriedmanypeople…Somethingmakespeopleworriednowisinthepast250yearshumanbeingsthemselveshaveemittedsolargequantityofpoisonousgaseswhichincreasethedensityofgreenhousegasesintheair.

50/86spitoutflowoutsuddenlyandviolentlyThenursetellthechildtospitoutthestone.护士叫孩子把果核吐出来。51/86

decompose

Whenthingssuchasdeadplantsoranimalsdecompose,orwhensomethingdecomposesthem,theychangechemicallyandbegintodecay.

...adeadbodyfounddecomposinginawood...Thefertilizerreleasesnutrientsgraduallyasbacteriadecomposeit.=rot,decay52/86landfillLandfillisamethodofgettingridofverylargeamountsofrubbishbyburyingitinalargedeephole.

...theenvironmentalcostsoflandfill.Alandfillisalargedeepholeinwhichverylargeamountsofrubbishareburied.

Therubbishinmodernlandfillsdoesnotrot.53/86breed1)v.ofanimalstoproduceyoung.Someanimalswillnotbreediftheyarekeptincages.Fig.Usu.DerogativeThesepeoplebreedlikerabbits.(=havealotofchildren)54/862)tocause(ausu.undesirableconditionorfeeling)todevelop;produce.e.g.Fliesanddirtbreeddisease.苍蝇和污物会引发疾病。Allthisuncertaintybreedsinsecurity.这么变来变去使人产生不安全感。Theyopposecorporalpunishmentbecausetheybelievethatviolencebreedsviolence.他们反对体罚，因为他们相信暴力只会招致暴力。55/86herdAherdisalargegroupofanimalsofonekindthatlivetogether.

...largeherdsofelephantandbuffalo.56/86belchIfsomeonebelches,theymakeasuddennoiseintheirthroatbecauseairhasrisenupfromtheirstomach.

Garlandcoveredhismouthwithhishandandbelcheddiscreetly.Belchisalsoanoun.

Hedrankandstifledabelch.57/86Para4.Explainshowtherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesresultsinclimatechange.QuestionHowdoestherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasescausethechangeinclimate?Answer:Therisingconcentrationofgreenhousegases,whichisprimarilycausedbyhighlevelscarbondioxideandmethaneintheatmosphere,istrappingexcessheat(fromthesun)andpreventsitfromleavingtheEarth,henceglobalwarming.58/86thermalThermalmeansrelatingtoorcausedbyheatorbychangesintemperature.

...thermalpowerstations.

热电站

热力发电站

火力发电站

59/8660/86Inessence,thesegases…thatentersacar.Virtually,thesegasesstopexcessheatintheearth’satmospherejustlikethewindshieldstopssolarenergygettingintoacar.Inessence:basically,fundamentally,essentially

Thetwoargumentsareinessencethesame.61/86Para5—6theeffectofsuchconcentrationonclimatechanges.62/86MuchoftheavailableappeartobackthesefearsMuchofthepresentclimatedataappeartobeevidenceinsupportofourfear.63/86glacierAslowly-movingmassorriveroficeformedbytheaccumulationandcompactionofsnowonmountainsornearthepoles64/86recessionArecessionisaperiodwhentheeconomyofacountryisdoingbadly,forexamplebecauseindustryisproducinglessandmorepeoplearebecomingunemployed.

TheoilpriceincreasessentEuropeintodeeprecession.65/86Readingsgathered…continentalglacier.Theinformationgatheredfromglaciersshowaconstantrecedingofworld’sglacierssoncontinent.

66/86speculateIfyouspeculateaboutsomething,youmakeguessesaboutitsnatureoridentity,oraboutwhatmighthappen.Thereadercanspeculatewhatwillhappennext.n.speculationTheyhavemuchspeculationoverthecauseoftheaircrash.Hemakessomeunprofitablespeculations.

他在做些无利可图投机生意。67/86Notsurprisingly,manyscientistsspeculatethat…fewercooldays.Itisnotsurprisingthatmanyscientistsreasonoutthechangesintheclimatewillpossiblycausehotterdaysandfewercooldays.68/86exceedtobegreaterthan,asinquantityordegree.American’schemicalexportsaretoexceedimportsthisyear.Accordingtothelawofthiscountry,workinghoursmustnotexceed42hoursaweek.Theseregionscouldexceedmeanglobalwarmingbyasmuchas40percentTheseareascouldsurpasstheaverageglobalwarmingindexbyalmost40percent.

69/86Para7thepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival.70/86matchingdamageordiseasewithclimatechangesSlightincreaseinheatandrainModerateriseinsealevelMoreintenserainandhurricanesHottersummersandwarmertemperaturesacrosstheglobeAnincreaseinvectordiseasesuchasmalariaThreattothecoastlineoflow-lyingislandsSeverfloodingandmoredeathsMorecasesofheartstrokeanddeaths;morehospitaladmissionsforthosewithrespiratoryproblems71/86Asfarashumanhealthisconcerned,…inclimate.Intermsofhumanhealth,itisthosewholiveinthepoorercountriesthatwillsuffermost,becausetheydonothavemoneytoprotectthemselvesagainstclimatechange.Asfarassth/sbisconcerned:

Theriseininterestrateswillbedisastrousasfarasfirmsareconcerned.

Thecarisfineasfarastheengineisconcernedbutthebodyworkneedsalotofattention.72/86Spark(off)togiveoutsparks;tostimulateoractivateEventhesmallestdiplomaticincidentcanspark(off)amajorinternationalconflict.Riots,sparkedoffbythearrestofsevenstudentleaders,havespreadtootheruniversities.73/86Aslightincreaseinheatandrain…suchasmalaria.Asmallincreaseofheatandrainintheareaornearequatormightcauseanincreaseofthespreadingofdiseasecausedbydisease-causingmicroorganismcarriedbymosquitoandsoon,suchasmalariaAllacrosstheglobe,…whoarevulnerable.Intheworld,manyweakpeoplewillloselivesorsufferfromheatstrokecausedbythetemperaturerisinginsummers.74/86(Para8-10)theauthorbringsouthissuggestions---whattobedonetoslowdownglobalwarming.Hissuggestionincludessomeactions(Para8),somestrategiestoreducetheimpact(Para9)andsomelong-termpolices(Para10).

75/86Para8-10Questions1.whataretheimmediateactionsthatweshouldtake?2.Whatarethelongtermpoliciesthatshouldbeworkout?76/861.Weshouldtakesuchimmediateactionsas:tocutourconsumptionoffossilfuels;tousetechnologytoreducetheemissionofgreenhousegases,andtoprotectourforests.2.Weshouldencouragepeopletouseenvironmentallycleanfuelsandtechnologies,andstoptheclear-cuttingofforests.77/86Globalwarming…intotheair.Glo