高考英语名词性从句及语法填空

名词性从句学问要点及语法填空考点由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。引导名词性从句的关联词A．that连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担当任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。Ihear(that)hehasjoinedthefootballclub.我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.众所周知，光是以直线传播的。B．whether和if连词whether和if本身有意义（说明是否），在从句中不行省略。1．whether可以连接全部的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。Ididn'tknowwhetherhewouldattendtheconcert.我并不知道他是否参与音乐会。（宾语从句，可用if代替whether）Thequestioniswhetheritsworthtrying.问题是值不值得试一试。（表语从句，不行用if代替whether）Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.她来不来都没有关系。（主语从句，不行用if代替whether）Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必需回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。（同位语从句，不行用if代替whether）2．whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用if)Ryanwasworryingaboutwhetherhehadhurtherfeelings.瑞恩担忧是否损害了她的感情。3．if既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。假如用if会引起歧义，应避开运用if，而用whether。Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttojoinus.请告知我你是否想加入我们。（if表示是否）Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttojoinus.假如你想加入我们的话，请告知我一声。（if表示假如）Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttjoinus.请告知我你是否想加入我们。（为避开引起歧义，用whether）C．who,whom,whose,what,which连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。Nooneknowswhohewaswaitingfor.没人知道他当时在等谁。Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而苦恼。Tellmewhosehouseitis.告知我这是谁的家。Letmeknowwhichtrainyouwillbearrivingon.告知我你将乘哪列火车到达。D．where,when,how,why连接副词where,when,how,why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。Idon'tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。WhatIamanxioustoknowiswhenwecanvisitthemuseum.我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。比较：when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。Pleaseletmeknowwhenyouarrive.你到的时候，请告知我一声。（when引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。）Pleaseletmeknowwhenyouwillarrive.请告知我你什么时候到。（when引导宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时。）E．whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever,whosever连接代词whoever=anyonewho任何人,无论谁；whatever=anythingthat凡是...，无论什么；whichever=anythingthat无论那一个,任何一个；whomever=anyonewhom（whoever的宾格形式）。Whoevercomestotheclubiswelcome.不论谁来参与这个俱乐部都欢迎。Whateverisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.凡是值得做的就值得做好。Theyatewhatevertheycouldfindothedesertedisland.他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。Youmaydowhateveryouwill.你可做任何你想做的事。I'lltakewhicheverbookinterestsme.我愿买任何让我感爱好的书。Whoseverbookisoverduewillbefined.不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。比较：连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。Youmayofferhebooktowhoeverwantsit.你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能运用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wantsit的主语）Youmayofferthebooktowhomeveryoulike.你可把这本书给任何你喜爱的人。（whomever在宾语从句中作youlike的宾语）一．填上适当的关系代词或关系副词_______causedtheaccidentwasamanlyingontheground._______willgomakesnodifference________yourdaughterloversisveryclear________walletwasstolenmustbemadeclear________helefthiswifecuthertotheheart_________wegothereremaintobedecided_________youunclewillarrivewasnotmentionedinhisletter.________youwenttherealonemustbeexplained9.I’lltakeback________Isaid10.I’msatisfied________hedid11.Tellus_________youfulfilledtheheavytaskaheadoftime12.That’s________Ipraiseyou13.Thisis__________twothirdsoftheearth’ssurfaceismadeupofvastoceans14.Theseason_________youwenttotheparkwasthatyouwanttovisither15.Thequestionis_________wewillcompletetheproject16.Thatwas________theChinesebegantomakepaper17.Theproblem________shouldbeourmornitorisnotdecided18.Theyhavenoinformation_________hewasalive19.Thisisanotherproof_________hekilledaman20.Theprofessorgaveorders___________thetestbefinishedbefore6o’clock二．语法填空(一)Ireadareportlastnight.Itsays1_________alotofpeoplediedin2______trafficaccident.ButIforget3_________theaccidenthappenedlastSunday.4_________astonishedmemostis5__________somebabieslost6________lives.However,Idon'tknow7___________thegovernmenthastakensomemeasurestodealwith8______.Inmyopinion,9_____accidenthastaughtusalesson10__________weshouldobeythetrafficrules.(二)Bodylanguageisusedeverysingledaybypeopleofdifferentnationalitiesallovertheworld.Itisalanguage_1________wordsthatconsistsofgestures,facialexpressionsandbody_2_______(move)thatgreatlyaddto---andsometimesevenreplace---_3________(speak)language.Bodylanguage_4_________(use)tocommunicatebothattitudesandfeelingsasitisnotalwaysexplicit.Somebodyjumpingforjoyiseasytoseewhilearaisedeyebrowconveyingdoubtiseasiertomiss.Peopleoftenusebodylanguage5________purpose.Someonewhodoesnotknowtheanswertoaquestionwillmovetheirshouldersupwardsawayfromtheirupperbodyandthenletthemfall,6________(mean),“Idon’tknow”.7__________,bodylanguagecanbeunconsciousaswell.Aperson_8_______isfeelinguncomfortableornervouswilloftenholdtheirbodyinaveryrigidmannerandhaveatightlookabouttheirmouths.Theymightalsocrosstheirarmsandmovein9_______abruptwayresemblingarobotmorethanahuman.Theymightnotevenrealisehowtheyareactingbuttheirbodylanguagewilltellanyonewhocarestolookcloselyenough10_______theyarefeeling.Bodylanguagecanthereforemakepeople’sfeelingsmoretransparentasalthoughwecanliewithwords,itisnotaseasytodosowithourbodies.（三）IntheUnitedStates,therewere222people____1____(report)tobebillionaires(亿万富翁)in2003.The____2_____（rich）oftheseisBillGates,worthatleast$41billion,whomadehismoney____3____startingthecompanyMicrosoft.Mr.Gateswasonly21yearsold_____4____hefirsthelpedtosetupthecompanyin1976.Hewasabillionaire_____5__thetimehewas31.____6____,therearestillsomeotherpeoplewhohavemadelotsofmoneyateven____7____(young)ages.OtheryoungpeoplewhohavebeenstruckrichincludeJackieCooganandShirleyTemple._