2022-2023学年山东省青岛市高三年级上册期初测试英语试卷

2022年高三年级期初调研检测

英语试题

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在

本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatwillthemando?

A.Headforlunch.B.Meetthemanager.C.Lendahand.

2.Whereareprobablythespeakers?

A.Inakitchen.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket.

3.WhywasJennyabsentfromschool?

A.Shewasill.B.Sheoverslept.C.Shehadtolookafterhermother.

4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Aholidayplan.B.Theman'srelatives.C.Theman'sinvitation.

5.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Helpful.B.GratefuLC.Anxious.

第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，

每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwithabouttheredsweater?

A.Theprice.B.Thestyle.C.Thematerial.

7.Whatisthewomanlikelytodonext?

A.Gotoanotherstore.B.Tryonthegreendress.C.Buythepinkdress.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whatkindofroomdoesthemanprefer?

A.Adoubleroom.B.Asingleroom.C.Asuite.

9.Whatistheman'srequirementfortheroom?

A.Ithasbeautifulscenery.B.Itisonthelowerfloor.C.Itissmoke-free.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomanabout?

A.Herworkschedule.B.Herhotelinformation.C.Herflightnumber.

11.WhatwillthewomandoonOctober12th?

A.Visitsomefactories.B.Haveaconference.C.Signacontract.

12.Whereisthewomannow?

A.InMilan.B.InVenice.C.InSaoPaulo.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atanairport.B.Onaplane.C.Inataxi.

14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?

A.Sheiswarm-hearted.B.Sheismodest.C.Sheisknowledgeable.

15.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?

A.VisitLosAngeles.B.Pickuphisbaggage.C.Catchhisflight.

16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Familymembers.B.Closefriends.C.Fellowpassengers.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetalk?

A.Tosharesomeusefulapps.B.Toshowthepowerofsound.C.Toexplainthecausesofhearingloss.

18.WhatcanusershearatASoftMurmur?

A.Oceannoises.B.Whitenoise.C.Water,fieldandforestnoises.

19.WhoisprobablyRobert?

A.Areporter.B.Auser.C.Anearspecialist.

20.WhatdoesRobertsayaboutthedevice?

A.It'saffordable.B.It'sconvenient.C.It*senjoyable.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

CommunitycollegesofferlowtuitionJob-specifictrainingandotherbenefits.Whetheryou'reahighschool

studentunsureofwhichcollegestoapplytoorsomeoneconsideringgoingbacktoschool,thereareplentyofreasons

toputcommunitycollegesonyourlist.

LowerCosts

Themostfrequentlycitedbenefitofcommunitycollegesistherelativelylowcostofattendance.Accordingto

datafromtheCollegeBoard,communitycollegescost,onaverage,aboutone-thirdofin-statetuitionatfour-year

publicuniversities.

APathtoaFour-yearCollege

Manyfour-yearuniversitieshavetransferagreementswithlocalcommunitycolleges.Theseagreementsallow

studentswhocompletespecificrequirementstoeasilytransferintoafour-yearprogramatanearbyuniversity.

Transferstudentscanthenearnabachelor'sdegreewhileonlyhavingtopaytwoyearsofhighertuition.

Flexibility

Communitycollegesallowforflexiblescheduling,makingthemaparticularlygoodoptionforolderstudents

whoareworkingprofessionalsorparents.Manycommunitycollegesalsoallowhighschoolstudentstotake

college-levelcoursesduringeveningsorweekends.

WorkforceTraining

Communitycollegestendtoofferawiderangeofcareerandtechnicaleducationprogramsinfieldslikenursing

orfirefighting.Thehighlyappliednatureoftheseprogramspreparesstudentsforenteringtheworkforce.From

culinary（烹饪）artstoautomobilemechanics,communitycollegesofferabroadselectionofprofessionalized

courseworkthatfour-yearuniversitiesoftendonot.

1.Whoaremostlikelytoattendcommunitycolleges?

A.Highschoolstudentsfacingcollegechoices.

B.Adultsplanningtoworkathighschools.

C.Collegestudentsanxioustoimprovethemselves.

D.Professionalseagerforcollege-levelcourses.

2.Whichisthoughttobethebiggestadvantageofcommunitycolleges?

A.LowerCosts.B.APathtoaFour-yearCollege.

C.Flexibility.D.WorkforceTraining.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheworkforcetrainingprograms?

A.Interesting.B.Time-consuming.C.Practical.D.Demanding.

【答案】l.A2.A3.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是把社区大学列入申请名单的几条理由。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段的“Whetheryou^eahighschoolstudentunsureofwhichcollegestoapplytoor

someoneconsideringgoingbacktoschool,thereareplentyofreasonstoputcommunitycollegesonyourlist.（无论

你是一个不确定要申请哪所大学的高中生，还是一个考虑重返校园的人，有很多理由把社区大学列入你的

名单。）”可知，最有可能上社区大学的是面临大学选择的高中生，故选A。

2题详解】

细节理国军题。根据LowerCosts部分的“Themostfrequentlycitedbenefitofcommunitycollegesistherelatively

lowcostofallendance.（最常被提及的社区大学的好处是入学成本相对较低。）”可知，社区大学最大的优势是

更低的成本，故选A。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据WorkforceTraining部分的uCommunitycollegestendtoofferawiderangeofcareerand

technicaleducationprogramsinfieldslikenursingorfirefighting.Thehighlyappliednatureoftheseprograms

preparesstudentsforenteringtheworkforce.（社区大学倾向于提供广泛的职业和技术教育课程，如护理或消防

等领域。这些课程的高应用性为学生进入职场做好了准备。）”可知，劳动力培训计划是实用的，故选C。

B

ValerieBolducisexploringapathunderafour-lanehighwaytofitwildlifecameras,whenshegetsstuckinthe

mud."Iamreallystuck,“saystheroadecologystudent,tryingtopullherfeetoutofastreambedthattravelsthrough

theconcreteculvert（涵洞）ofQuebecRoute117.“Idonotwanttobeadeergoingthroughthat.”

Bolduc'sdilemmamakesevidenttherisksforwildanimalsusingthesamepath.

Awarmingclimateispushingmanyanimalstomigratetowardhigherlatitudes（纬度）toremainwithintheir

desirableenvironments,butthatcomeswithrisksastheycrossdangerousareas,suchashighways.IneasternCanada,

Bolducandotherresearchersandconservationistsaretryingtopreservesafecorridors（走廊）forwildlife.

Themotion-activatedcamerastheyhavebroughtwillrecordwhichspeciesareusingthetunnels.An

outward-facingcamerawillidentifywhatanimalsapproachbutdonotenter,perhapspreventedbytrafficnoise,the

tunnefssizeorotherfactors.

BolducexplainsthatthishighwayrunningthroughsouthernQuebecseparatesaseriesofCanadiannationaland

regionalparksoneitherside,alongwiththeiranimalpopulations."It'ssuperimportant,shenotes,''becausethe

animalswanttomovenorthandtheyencountertheseandthencantheymovethrough?Willtheygethitbyacar?

We'llneedtofigurethatout.Andweneedtohelpthem,atleastIwanttohelpthem.^^

Afterfinishingfittingtheircamerasonthenorthboundsideofthehighway,Bolducandherteamdecidethey

needanalternatepathtotheothersidetoavoidanothermisfortuneinthemud."We'regenerallytryingtobesafb,“

Bolducsays,Ubutfortheanimals,thisistheir

4.WhatcanwelearnfromBolduc'sexperienceofbeingtrapped?

A.Itisdifficulttofitwildlifecameras.

B.Sheisoutofluckduringtheexploration.

C.Roadconditionsofthehighwayareunexpected.

D.Itisdangerousforwildanimalstocrossthisarea.

5.Whatdotheseanimalsmovetohigherlatitudesfor?

A.Lesstrafficnoise.B.Warmerclimate.C.Safecorridors.D.Favorableenvironments.

6.Whatfunctionisexpectedofthewildlifecameras?

A.Torecordthechangesintrafficflow.B.Tofigureoutdifficultieswildanimalsface.

C.Totrackanimalsinandaroundthetunnels.D.Tophotographthelivingenvironmentofwildanimals.

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HighTechProtectsWildlifeB.AnimalMigrationIsunderThreat

C.EcologistsFeartheFutureofWildlifeD.ResearchersSeekPathsforAnimalstoMigrate

【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是ValerieBolduc及其他研究人员通过安装动态摄像机为动物迁徙

寻找路径。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的"Bolduc'sdilemmamakesevidenttherisksforwildanimalsusingthesame

path.（Bolduc的两难处境清楚地说明了野生动物走同一条路的风险。）”可知，我们能从博尔达克被困的经历

中学到野生动物穿过这个地区是危险的。故选D。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的aAwarmingclimateispushingmanyanimalstomigratetowardhigherlatitudesto

remainwithintheirdesirableenvironments,butthatcomeswithrisksastheycrossdangerousareas,suchas

highways.（气候变暖正迫使许多动物向高纬度地区迁徙，以留在它们理想的环境中，但这也伴随着风险，因

为它们要穿过危险的地区，比如高速公路。）”可知，这些动物迁移到高纬度地区是为了有利的环境。故选

Do

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“Themotion-activatedcamerastheyhavebroughtwillrecordwhichspeciesareusing

thetunnels.Anoutward-facingcamerawillidentifywhatanimalsapproachbutdonotenter,perhapspreventedby

trafficnoise,thetunneFssizeorotherfactors.（他们带来的动态摄像机将记录哪些物种正在使用隧道。一个朝外

的摄像头将识别哪些动物靠近但没有进入，也许是因为交通噪音、隧道大小或其他因素。）”可知，野生动

物摄像机的功能是用来追踪隧道内外的动物。故选C。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的uValerieBolducisexploringapathunderafour-lanehighwaytofit

wildlifecameras,whenshegetsstuckinthemud.（瓦莱丽•博尔达克正在四车道高速公路下探索一条小路，以

便安装野生动物摄像机，这时她被困在了泥里。）”和第三段的“IneasternCanada,Bolducandotherresearchers

andconservationistsaretryingtopreservesafecorridorsforwildlife.（在力口拿大东部，Bolduc和其他研究人员以

及自然资源保护主义者正在努力为野生动物保护安全的走廊。）”可知，本文主要讲的是ValerieBolduc及其

他研究人员通过安装动态摄像机为动物迁徙寻找路径，因此最好的题目是D选项“ResearchersSeekPathsfor

AnimalstoMigrate（研究人员为动物迁徙寻找路径）”，故选D。

C

Coveredinlushfur,thethickestintheanimalkingdom,seaotters（海獭）canlivetheirentirelivesintheocean,

feedingheavilyuponseaflooranimalssuchasshellfish.Theyareoftenseentoeatclams（蛤）,whichburythemselves

inmeadowsofeelgrass（大叶藻场），awide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.Eelgrassmeadowswheresea

ottersdigforclamsbecomepartlybare,whichiscommonlyaconcernforecologists.

Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,accordingtoanewstudypublishedin

Science.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplantsflowerandproduceseeds.What's

more,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightforseedstosettleandgrow.Theenhancedgeneticdiversity

causedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuturethreats.

Thefindingisapowerfulexampleofhowanimalssuchasottersinfluencetheirecosystemsbeyondpredation

（捕食）,ofteninunseenandlittle-knownways,saysstudyleaderErinFoster,aresearchassociateattheHakai

Institute.Italsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsandgiveeelgrass,whichisin

dangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.

Seagrasshabitatsarealsoimportantformanyfish,providingfoodforanimals,absorbing,andfilteringharmful

pollutionandbacteriafromthewater."Geneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,and

consideringthechallengeswe'refacing...thiswillbeimportantforeelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,the

impacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern,"saysFoster.

8.Whatdoweknowaboutseaotters?

A.Theylivepartoftheirlivesunderwater.B.Theymainlyfeedonseaanimalslikefish.

C.Theyeatclamsbeneatheelgrassmeadows.D.Theybecomeanewconcernforecologists.

9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?

A.Bygivingopinions.B.Bypresentingreasons.

C.Byclarifyingconcepts.D.Bycomparingresults.

10.Whydoestheauthormentiontheendangeredconditionofeelgrass?

A.Toprovideexamplesofseaotters'predation.

B.Toshowtheurgencytoprotecttheenvironment.

C.Tohighlighttheroleofottersintheirecosystems.

D.Towarnagainstthepotentialriskofclimatechange.

11.WhatdoesFosterthinkoftheimpactottershaveonunderwatermeadows?

A.Overestimated.B.Noteworthy.C.Temporary.D.Unpredictable.

【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.B

加斤】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述海獭，一种濒危物种，对它们的环境至关重要，并给全世界处于

危险中的鳗草提供了更好的保持健康和生存的机会。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。由文章第一段Theyareoftenseentoeatclams,whichburythemselvesinmeadowsofeelgrass,a

wide-rangingplantspeciesgrowinginwater.（人们经常看到它们吃蛤蝌，蛤蝌把自己埋在鳗草草甸中，鳗草是

一种广泛生长在水中的植物。）”可知，海獭吃在鳗草下面的蛤蝴。故选C项。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第二段"Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,according

toanewstudypublishedinScience.That'sbecausebygentlydisturbingtheseabed,theottersmaketheplants

flowerandproduceseeds.What'smore,theirdiggingprovidesmorespaceandsunlightforseedstosettleandgrow.

Theenhancedgeneticdiversitycausedbyseaotterscouldmakeeelgrassmoreadaptabletopresentandfuture

threats.（根据发表在《科学》上的一项新研究，事实证明，有水獭的草地更健康，有更多的鳗草。这是因为

水獭通过轻轻搅动海床，使植物开花并产生种子。更重要的是，他们的挖掘为种子的定居和生长提供了更

多的空间和阳光。海獭导致的遗传多样性增强可能使鳗草更适应当前和未来的威胁、）”可知，文章第二段

先给出结论Asitturnsout,themeadowswithottersarehealthier,withmoreeelgrass,后面再说明原因，所以第

二段是通过给原因来论证的。故选B项。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第三段“Italsomeansseaotters,anendangeredspecies,arevitaltotheirenvironmentsand

giveeelgrass,whichisindangerworldwide,abetterchanceatstayinghealthyandsurviving.（这也意味着海獭，一

种濒危物种，对它们的环境至关重要，并给全世界处于危险中的鳗草提供了更好的保持健康和生存的机会

可知，作者提到濒危的鳗草是为了突出海獭对生态系统的作用。故选C项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。由文章最后一段“"Geneticdiversitytypicallystrengthenstheadaptabilityofspecies,and

consideringthechallengeswe'refacing...thiswillbeimportantforeelgrassmeadows,andfromthisaspect,the

impacttheottersarehavingdeservesourlastingconcern,"saysFoster.（Foster说:"基因多样性通常会增强物种的

适应性，考虑到我们面临的挑战……这对鳗草草地非常重要，从这个角度来看，海獭的影响值得我们长期

关注）”可知，Foster对海獭是水草的影响是值得我们长期关注的。高估的；值得关注的；短暂的；不

可预知的。故选B项。

D

Wintermaybeseenasthetimetofillupwithcomfortfood,butinfact,thesunnysummermonthsarewhenmen

eatmorecalories-unlikewomen."Theeffectmayoccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleasean

appetite-stimulatinghormonecalledghrelin（饥饿激素）saysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversity.

Levyandherteamnoticedtheunexpectedeffectinexperimentsinmicethatinvestigatedmechanisms（机

制）behindskincancer,inwhichmaleanimalsexposedtoUVlightatemorefood.Toseeifhumansdothesame,the

researchersusedexistingdataon3,000peoplewhohadfilledindietaryquestionnairesaspartofthegovernment's

regularnationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.BetweenMarchandSeptember,menconsumedabout17percentmore

caloriesperdaythantheydidduringtherestoftheyearwhilewomen'sfoodintakestayedaboutthesame.

Humanappetiteisinfluencedbymanysystems,butghrelinseemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectly

stimulateseating.Itwasthoughttobemainlysecretedbythestomachwhenempty.44Ittellsthebraintoeatmore,,,

saysCarolineGorvinattheUniversityofBirmingham.

FurtherinvestigationrevealedthatexposingmalemicetoUVBradiationraisedlevelsofghrelinsecretionbyfat

cellsintheirskin.Boostedlevelsofghrelinwerealsoseeninskinsamplesthatweretakenfrommenandexposedto

UVlightinthelab.Gorvinsaystheskinhadn'tpreviouslybeenthoughttoplayaroleinappetite.t6Ifit'sreal,it's

quiteexcitingandweshouldsparenoeffortstogettothebottom,shesays.

Itisunclearwhytheeffecthappens,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuelgreaterphysicalactivityin

summer,saysGorvin."Asthelargestorganofthebody,itmakessensethattheskincansensetheenvironment,

sensingthatthereisUVnow,thatnowisthetimetogoout.”

12.Whatcanwelearnabouttheeffectfromparagraph1?

A.Humanstendtoeatmorefoodinwinter.

B.Ourskincontainsahormonethatmakesusactive.

C.Summersunlightseemstoboostmen'scalorieintake.

D.Womensufferlossofappetitebecauseofsummerheat.

13.Whathelpedtheteamlookintotheeffectonhumans?

A.DoingexperimentsinUVlight.B.Analysingexistingdataoffered.

C.Carryingoutdietaryquestionnaires.D.Surveyingnationalhealthcondition.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“secreted“meaninparagraph3?

A.Balanced.B.Influenced.C.Raised.D.Produced.

15.WhatcanwelearnfromGorvin'swords?

A.Theskinisadecisivefactorinphysicalactivities.

B.ExposuretoUVlightcontributestocalorieburnup.

C.Theroleoftheskininappetiteneedsfurtherresearch.

D.Higherfoodintakemakesmengainweightinsummer.

【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是阳光明媚的夏天是男人摄入更多卡路里的时候。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段的"infact,thesunnysummermonthsarewhenmeneatmorecalories-unlikewomen.

“Theeffectmayoccurbecausesunlightmakestheskinreleaseanappetite-stimulatinghormonecalledghrelin

saysCarmitLevyatTelAvivUniversity.（事实上，阳光明媚的夏天是男人摄入更多卡路里的时候---不像女

人。特拉维夫大学的卡米特•列维说:“这种效果的产生可能是因为阳光使皮肤释放一种刺激食欲的激素一

胃饥饿素。“）"可知，夏日的阳光似乎能增加男性的卡路里摄入量。故选C。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段的“Toseeifhumansdothesame,theresearchersusedexistingdataon3,000peoplewho

hadfilledindietaryquestionnairesaspartofthegovernment'sregularnationalhealthandnutritionsurvey.（为了看

看人类是否也会这样做，研究人员使用了3000人的现有数据，这些人填写了饮食调查问卷，这是政府定期

进行的全国健康和营养调查的一部分。）”可知，帮助研究小组研究了它对人类的影响的是分析现有数据。

故选B。

34题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第三段的"ghrelinseemstobetheonlyhormonethatdirectlystimulateseating（胃饥饿素似乎

是唯一直接刺激进食的激素）”和“bythestomachwhenempty（被空的胃）”可知，划线词所在句表示“它被

认为主要是胃空时分泌的”，划线词的意思是“产生”，和produced意思相近，故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后--段的"Itisunclearwhytheeffecthappens,butitmaybeanadaptiveresponsetofuel

greaterphysicalactivityinsummer,saysGorvin.（高文说，目前还不清楚这种效应发生的原因，但它可能是一

种适应反应，为夏季更多的体育活动提供燃料。）”可知，皮肤对食欲的作用还需要进一步研究。故选C。

第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Surpriseistheerrorsignalourbrainsproducewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Itisadopamine（多巴胺）

trigger,producingtheneurotransmitter（神经递质）thatdrivesattentionandmotivation.16Itmakesus

stop,notice,andlearn.

InhisbookThePowerofSurprise,Rousellpresentshisfindingfromdecadesofhisresearch:17They

formourself-concept.

18Samanthafelthershynesswasaweakness,untilherswimcoachsurprisedherbynamingher

captain.Hesaid,uShemaybequiet,butwhenthisgirlsayssomething,you'regoingtowanttolisten."Thesurprise

leftherfeelingquietlypowerful.Thechangeinherbeliefsandbehaviorswasinstantandlasting.

Notallsurprisingmomentsarecreatedequal.Rousellillustratessomeresearch-backedstepstousesuiprise

well.

Spotaself-criticismyou'dliketohelpsomeonerevise.Forexample,perhapsyourstudentseeshimselfasaslow

learner,oryouremployeebelieveshelackscreativity.19Maybethestudentwhothinkshelearnsslowlyis

alsoverythorough.Theemployeewhothinkshelackscreativityishighlylogical.Makeyourmessagequickandto

thepoint.Themoreyoudelayonthetopicordressitupasflowerypraise,thelesssurprisingitwillbe.20

APointouthisweakness.

B.Itwasanessentialadaptationforhumans.

C.Identifytheoppositesideofthesamecoin.

D.Also,itwillmakelessdifferencetoone'smind.

E.Hereisanexampletheauthorsharesinhisbook.

F.Toputitsimply,suipriseisabigdealtoourbrains.

G.Surprisebringstheexperiencesshapingwhowebelieveweare.

【答案】16.F17.G18.E19.C20.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是什么是惊讶和惊讶的力量。

【16题详解】

空前说**Surpriseistheerrorsignalourbrainsproducewhensomethingunexpectedhappens.Itisadopamine（多

巴胺）trigger,producingtheneurotransmitter（神经递质）thatdrivesattentionandmotivation.（惊讶是当意外发生

时，我们的大脑产生的错误信号。它是多巴胺的触发器，产生的神经递质驱动注意力和动机。）”，空后说“It

makesusstop,notice,andlearn.（它让我们停下来，注意并学习。）”，因此空格处应接着上文，继续介绍惊讶

是什么，F选项“Topulitsimply,surpriseisabigdealtoourbrains.（简单地说，惊讶对我们的大脑来说很重要。）”

是介绍惊讶的，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。

【17题详解】

空前说"InhisbookThePowerofSurprise,Rousellpresentshisfindingfromdecadesofhisresearch（在他的书

《惊讶的力量》中，Rousell介绍了他几十年来的研究发现）”，空格处应说明研究发现具体是什么，G选项

**Surprisebringstheexperiencesshapingwhowebelieveweare.（惊讶带来的体验塑造了我们对自己的信念。）"

是一项发现，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。

【18题详解】

空后说aSamanthafelthershynesswasaweakness,untilherswimcoachsurprisedherbynaminghercaptain.He

said,t4Shemaybequiet,butwhenthisgirlsayssomething,you'regoingtowanttolisten."Thesurpriselefther

feelingquietlypowerful.Thechangeinherbeliefsandbehaviorswasinstantandlasting.（萨曼莎觉得害羞是她的

弱点，直到她的游泳教练任命她为队长，这让她大吃一惊。他说：“她可能很安静，但当这个女孩说什么时，

你会想要倾听。”这个惊讶让她觉得自己很强大。她的信念和行为发生了瞬间而持久的变化。）”，这是举的

具体的一个例子，E选项"Hereisanexampletheauthorsharesinhisbook.（下面是作者在他的书中分享的一个

例子。）”引起下文，符合语境，故选E。

【19题详解】

空前说“Forexample,perhapsyourstudentseeshimselfasaslowlearner,oryouremployeebelieveshelacks

creativity.（例如，也许你的学生认为自己学习很慢，或者你的员工认为他缺乏创造力。）”，空后说“Maybethe

studentwhothinkshelearnsslowlyisalsoverythorough.Theemployeewhothinkshelackscreativityishighly

logical.（也许认为自己学得慢的学生也是很透彻的。认为自己缺乏创造力的员工是很有逻辑的。）"，说明要

看到一个事情的另一方面，C选项“Identifytheoppositesideofthesamecoin.（识别同一枚硬币的反面。）“承

上启下，符合语境，故选C。

【20题详解】

空前说"Themoreyoudelayonthetopicordressitupasflowerypraise,thelesssurprisingitwillbe.（你在这个话

题上越拖延，或者把它装扮成华丽的赞美，它就越不令人惊讶。）"，D选项"Also,itwillmakelessdifference

toone'smind.（而且,它对一个人的思想影响较小。）”中的句式和空前的athelesssurprisingitwillben相一

致，继续讲你在这个话题上越拖延，或者把它装扮成华丽的赞美会有什么影响，因此承接上文，符合语境,

故选D。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AmyJandrisevitsknowsthevalueofagooddoll（玩具娃娃）."Dollshavea21wedon'tcompletely

understand,shesaid.It'sa（n）22shegotwhileworkingasasocialworkerusingdollstohelpyoungkids

23theirchangingmedicalsituations.

Sevenyearsago,a24saidthatherchildwasinvolvedinacaraccident,leavingascar（伤疤）onhis

face.Jandrisevitsknewwhatmighthelptheyouththroughthis25period."It's26totellakid,

'Youareperfectthewayyouare/andtobuild27thatway,“shesays.

Jandrisevitswentabout28that.Shemadeadollbyhandthatlookedlikeherfriend'schildandsentit

off.Afterthefriend29aphotoonlineofthehappychildanddoll,anotherwomanaskedJandrisevitsto

makeadollforherbaby,whowasmissingaleg.

Word30andsoonJandrisevitswasmakingdollsforchildrenwithbirthmarksorfacialdeformities

（畸形）,fromphotossentbyparents.She3jherpreviousjobandstartedanonprofit,ADollLikeMe.

Shehasn't32fbradollsinceshebeganhernonprofit.

Inall,she'smademorethan400dolls.ThewaitinglistislongbutJandrisevitsis33.Asshe

explains,uEverykid,34gender,age,medicalissueorbodytype,shouldlookintothe35

faceofadollandseetheirown.^^

21.A.powerB.themeC.systemD.fashion

22.A.lessonB.inspirationC.rewardD.experience

23.A.turntoB.adapttoC.realizeD.ignore

24.A.workerB.patientC.volunteerD.friend

25.A.unforgettableB.challengingC.complexD.impressive

26.A.naturalB.generousC.helpfulD.hard

27.A.confidenceB.connectionC.trustD.communication

28.A.followingB.blessingC.explainingD.changing

29.A.tookB.sentC.sawD.posted

30.A.cameB.failedC.spreadD.read

31.A.lovedB.quitC.beganD.lost

32.A.chargedB.goneC.askedD.paid

33.A.tiredB.curiousC.determinedD.famous

34.A.regardlessofB.insteadofC.apartfromD.accordingto

35.A.restoredB.beautifiedC.sweetD.funny

【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.D25.B26.D27.A28.D29.D30.C31.

B32.A33.C34.A35.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是AmyJandrisevits用洋娃娃来帮助年轻的孩子适应他们不断变化

的医疗状况，帮助孩子们建立自信的故事。

【21题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：“娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量，”她说。A.power力量；B.theme主题；

C.system系统；D.fashion时尚。由后文11usingdollstohelpyoungkids3theirchangingmedical

situations"可知，娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量，故选A。

【22题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她在做社会工作者时得到的灵感