新课标人教版英语选修8第一单元教学案

泰安一中虎山路校区高二英语教学案Book8Unit1主备人董建华班级姓名教学时间2013-5-7本单元建议学时7课时。单元要点预览词汇局部词语辨析1.means/way/method2.percent/percentage3.obvious/apparent/evident/clear4.hire/employ/rent词形变化1.electvt.选举，推举；选择vi.进行选举，作出选择electionn.选举，推举，中选2.immigratevi.移入immigrationn.移民入境immigrantn.移民，侨民3.racen.赛跑；竞争；人种v.参赛racialadj.人种的，种族的racismn.种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义4.apparentadj.显然的，明白的，外表上的apparentlyadv.显然，外表上地5.punishmentn.罚，刑罚punishvt.惩罚，处分重点单词1.majorityn.大多数；大半2.applicantn.申请人3.occurvi.发生；出现；存在4.indicatevt.指出；标示；说明5.slipvi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小过失；失误6.insertvt.插入，嵌入重点词组1.liveon继续生活或存在2.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等3.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗﹑传统等；使某人不能去睡觉4.teamupwith〔与某人〕一起工作〔尤指为一共同目标〕；合作5.markout划线标出……界线6.takein包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗7.agreat/goodmany相当多，很多重点句子1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.2.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.重点语法名词性从句〔见语法局部〕语言要点〔模块〕Ⅰ.词语辨析1.means/way/method【解释】means“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段。〔单复数相同〕way“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。短语搭配：做……的方法：awaytodosth.／awayofdoingsth./amethodofdoingsth.；用这种／些方法：inthisway/withthemethod/bythismeans；用……方法，借助……：bymeansof...无论如何：byallmeans；一点也不，决不(用于句首句子需倒装)：bynomeans；bytheway顺便问一下；onone’swayto…在去……的路上；intheway挡住路【练习】用means，way，method填空。1).Thesevegetablescanbecookedindifferent_______.2).Onlyinthis_______canyoufindoutthetruth.3).Bythis_______Igetintouchwithhim.4).Weexpressourthoughtsby_______ofwords.5).____________________shallIlendhimmoney!6).Themethodsof_______(teach)need_______(improve).Keys:1).ways2).way3).means4).means5).Bynomeans6).teaching;improving/tobeimproved2.percent/percentage【解释】percent表示“百分之……”，相当于“％”，其前面往往是一个具体的数字。percentage表示“百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具体数字，只能被high，low等修饰。【练习】用percent，percentage填空。1).Iamahundred________inagreementwithyou.2).Thiscompanyonlysupply30________ofwhatweneed.3).Thenumbersaresmall,in_________terms,butsignificant.4).Thereusedtobeahigh_________ofbabiesthatdietscarletfevereveryyear.Keys:1).percent2).percent3).percentage4).percentage3.obvious/apparent/evident/clear【解释】obvious意为“某东西具有显著特点，不需费力就可觉察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。apparent意为“外表看起来很明显，而实际情况未必如此”。evident意为“有证据作出合理判断，考虑到各种事实、条件后而显得明显”。clear意为“不存在使人迷惑或使问题复杂化的因素”。【练习】用obvious，apparent，evident，clear填空。1).Itwasan________mistakeforhimtohavegonealone.2).Thesituationis________toeveryone.3).Itwasbecomingincreasingly_________thathedislikedme.4).Theapplausemadeit_________thattheplaywasahit.Keys:1).obvious2).clear3).apparent4).evident4.hire/employ/rent【解释】hire是日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hireaboat，acar，acamera，abicycle，aneveningdress，ahallforameeting等，指人时，有“雇用”、“受雇”两种含义。employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请”之义；也可以解释为“忙于，从事”常用于beemployedinsth./doingsth.短语中。注：要弄清employ几个名词的用法：employee(雇工，雇员)，employer(户主，东家)，employment(就业，雇用)。rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指用于长时间的场合。如：rentahouse，aflat，aTV等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金；租费”。【练习】用hire，employ，rent填空。1).Ourhousehasbeen________byanewly-marriedcouple.2).It’simportantto________properwordsinwritingpoem.3).They_________________inwritingwhenIcame.4).They________outboatsbythehour.5).We________adrivertotakeusonatourofthecity.Keys:1).rented2).employ3).wereemployed4).hire5).hiredⅡ.词性变化1.electvt.选举，推举；选择vi.进行选举，作出选择electionn.选举，推举，中选2.immigratevi.移入immigrationn.移民入境immigrantn.移民，侨民3.racen.赛跑；竞争；人种v.参赛racialadj.人种的，种族的racismn.种族歧视，种族偏见；种族主义4.apparentadj.显然的，明白的，外表上的apparentlyadv.显然，外表上地5.punishmentn.罚，刑罚punishvt.惩罚，处分【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1).InAmerica,presidential________(elect)areheldeveryfouryears.2).Theydeserveto________(punish)forputtingpassengersatrisk.3).Shehadtotidytheclassroomas________(punish)forbeinglate.4).ShewasthedaughterofChinese________(immigrate)toAmerica.5).Therewasasuddenincrease________(immigrate)infromEasternEurope.6).Heisavictimof________(race)discrimination.7).Sheturnedtofacehim,heranger________(apparent)gone.8).Theirmotives,aswillsoonbecome_______(apparently),arecompletelyselfish.Keys:1).elections 2).bepunished 3).punishment 4).immigrants 5).immigration6).racial7).apparently8).apparentⅢ.重点词汇majorityn.大多数；大半majoradj.&n.较大的，主要的；主修，专攻(反义词minority少数；少数民族)[典例]1).A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。2).Themajoritywas/wereinfavouroftheproposal.多数人赞成这个建议。[重点用法]beinthe/amajority构成大局部/大多数 amajorityoversb超过对方的票数[练习]按要求填空或翻译。1).Englishspeakersformthe________(大多数)ofthepopulation.2).Amongthemembersofthecommitteethosewhofavourtheproposedchangesare_______(介词)themajority.3).Theyhadalargemajority_______(介词)theotherpartyatthelastelection.4).Themajorityofpeople_________(prefer)peacetowar.5).Themajorityofthedamage_________(be)easytorepair.Keys:1).majority2).in3).over4).prefer/prefers5).is【考题预测】1〕The______ofthechildrenbornlastyear______girls.A.majorities;areB.most;areC.majority;areD.majority;is2.percentage【镜头回放】…althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.[重点用法]n.百分率〔1〕percentage前不与数字连用，如:不直接说：threepercentage,而改为：threepercent或apercentageofthree(2)percentage被放在the后时，动词用单数Thepercentageofunskilledworkersissmall.(3)当被放在a后时，可用动词单数或复数形式，这由后面所跟的介词短语中名词的数而定Asmallpercentageoftheworkersareunskilled.少数工人是非熟练工。Alargepercentageofthecrophasspoiled.大局部庄稼被毁。〔4〕a…percentageof之间可用good/large/high/small修饰【词语辨析】percentage/percent(1) percentage百分比；百分率，其前不能是一个具体的数字，只能被high,low等形容词修饰。(2) percent百分之……，相当于%，其前往往是一个具体的数字。—Whatpercentageofbabiesdiedofthisdiseaselastyear?去年婴儿死于这种疾病的百分比是多少？—Onepercent.1%.3.applicantn.申请人applicationn.申请(书)；应用；用途applyv.申请；运用，适用[典例]1).Wehad250applicantsforthejob.有250人申请这份工作。2).Asthewageswerelow,therewerefewapplicantsforthejob.因为工资低,没有什么人申请这份工作。[重点用法]applyfor...申请…… applyto...适用……fillintheapplicationformforsth.填写……申请表[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).Successful_________(apply)willreceivenotificationwithintheweek.2).Thisrulecan’tbeapplied________(介词)everycase.3).Youshould________________(申请)thejobimmediately,inpersonorbyletter.4).Thequestioninthesecondhalfoftheform_________________(适用)marriedmenonly.Keys:1).applicants2).to3).applyfor4).applyto4.occurvi.发生；出现；存在[典例]1).Thetragedyoccurredonlyminutesaftertake-off.这一悲剧在起飞后几分钟内就发生了。2).Didn’titoccurtoyouthathemightbelate?你当时没有想到他可能会迟到吗?[重点用法]occurto...(主意)浮现于脑海中；被想到；被想起；〔某人〕想到……[练习]根据句子的意思填空或翻译。1).Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongnevereven________________her.2).Agoodidea______________him.3).___________________________________(他从没想到)hemightbefallinginlovewithher.Keys:1).occurredto 2).occurredto3).Ithadneveroccurredtohimthat【词语辨析】occur/happen/takeplace这三个词〔组〕都有“发生”的意思，且都具有不及物性，因此三者都不可用于被动语态，但具体用法又有所不同：(1) occur较正式，指偶然发生的或未按方案发生的事情，可用于具体或抽象的事情，尤其强调某事物呈现于人的知觉，如心或脑，且多有具体的时间或地点等条件。(2) happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事物”，即sth.happenstosb./sth.，常指不好的事情发生在某人〔物〕身上。当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”，即sb.happenstodosth.(=Ithappensthatsb.doessth.)，表示“某人碰巧做某事”。(3) takeplace通常指根据安排或方案发生，还可以表示“举行某种活动”。Hernamejustdidn’toccurtomymemory.我就是想不出她的名字。Itsohappenedthattheywereallthere.正好他们都在那儿。TheconferencetookplaceintheGreatHallofthePeople.会议在人民大会堂举行。【考题预测】2〕—Whyareyousolate,Tom?—Iwasonhalfthewaywhenit______tomethatIhadleftmynotebookathome,soIhadtofetchit.A.occurred B.hit C.happened D.reminded3)Thenameofthefilm______mesuddenly.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.occurredto B.cameto C.struck D.stuck5.indicatevt.显示；说明；象征；暗示；指示；指出indicationn.指出；说明indicativeadj.指示的；暗示的[典例]1).Iaskedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshopopposite.我问他握姐姐在哪，他指指对面的商店。2).Researchindicatesthatmenfinditeasiertogiveupsmokingthanwomen.研究说明男人感到比女人更容易戒烟。[重点用法]indicatesth(tosb)指示；指出；标示 indicatethat/wh-表示……；示意……[练习]根据句子的意思，在括号里填入适当的词。1).Thegovernmenthas________(说明)thatitintendstocuttaxes.2).Aflashingredlight________(标示)thatastretchofroadwasundergoingrepairs.3).Thereisevery________(indicate)ofachangeintheweather.Keys:1).indicated 2).indicated 3).indication【考题预测】4〕Thereisagreatdealofevidence______thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating6.apparent【镜头回放】Apparentlyhe’dbeenshockedwhenhesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatram’sbrakesfailed,…[重点用法]adj.(1)作表语清楚易见或易懂；明显；显然Itbecameapparentfromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.=Apparently,shewasreallyupset.从她的脸上很明显她真地很伤心。(2)外表上的；假的Herapparentindifferencemadehimevenmorenervous.她外表上假设无其事反而使他更加紧张。apparentlyadv.看来；似乎Apparentlythey’regettingdivorced.看样子他们要离婚了。7.slipvi.滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑倒；小过失；失误slipperyadj.滑溜的[典例]1).MyfootslippedandInearlyfell.我的脚一滑，差点跌到。2).Sheslippedintotheroomwhennoonewaslooking.她趁无人注意的时候溜进了房间。[重点用法]letslip...错过……；无意中说出letsth.slipthroughyourfingers错过(时机)；失去(时机)aslipofthetongue口误[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1).She________________(无意中说出)thatshewasintendingtoleavethecompany.2).Astheyears_________by,Ithoughtmoreandmoreabouthim.3).Driveverycarefully;theroadsarewetand________(slip).Keys:1).letslip2).slipped3).slippery8.hire【镜头回放】Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotelandhiredacar.[重点用法](1)vt.租借；租；雇佣Theyhiredabighall.他们租了一个大礼堂。Wehiredadrivertousonatourofthecity.我们雇了一个司机带我们游览这个城市(3) n.租用；雇佣Thesecarsareforhire.这些车子供租用。【归纳拓展】hiresth.out出租某物for/onhire出租的【考题预测】5〕Duringtheholiday,they______aboatandwentfishing.A.rent B.employ C.hire D.use9.insertvt.插入；嵌入[典例]Heinsertedakeyintoalock.他把钥匙插进锁中。[重点用法]insertsth(in/into/betweensth)插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某两物间[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1).Sheinsertedanadditionalparagraph________anessay.2).Insertyourfingers________thelayersandpressthemapart.Keys:1).in2).between高频词汇拼写1.Somepeoplefeelthelawcan’tbringaboutj_____,whichleadstotheirsenseoflackinginsafetyintheworld.2.LiMingwase__________ourmonitorforhisexcellentleadership.3.Heisfairtouswithoutd__________.4.Thosewhofavortheproposalareinthe__________(大多数).5.Everypossible__________(手段)hasbeentried,butinvain.6.TheTaiwanS________separatesTaiwan7.NowinChina,anincreasingp________ofthepopulationhavetheirowncars.8.Myfatherh________threementohelphimwiththeharvestlastsummer.9.________(显然),hehaslostinterestinphysics.10.Inordertoincreasetheproduction,farmersarethinkingabout________(改革)traditionalplantingmethods.11.Iwasinhalfthewaywhenitsuddenly________〔想到〕tomethatIhadleftmynotebookhome.12.Iwasoneofthea________forthejob.13.Votingistheexerciseofa________(公民的)right.14.Icouldnotg________hermeaning.Keys:1.justice2.elected3.distinction4.majority5.means6.Strait7.percentage8.hired9.Apparently10.reforming11.occurred12.applicants13.civil14.graspⅣ.重点短语1.liveon继续生活或存在[典例]Shelivedonformanyyearsafterherhusbanddied.丈夫死後她继续活了多年。[短语归纳]live短语：liveonsth以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活livebydoingsth靠做某事物为生liveforsth以某事物为生活目标 livethroughsth经历某事物而幸存livetogether在一起生活；同居liveuptosth依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准livewithsth接受或容忍某现象 livetobe...=livetotheageof...活到……岁livea...life过着……的生活[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的live短语。1).Thelonelyoldman______________charity.2).Mozartisdeadbuthismusic______________.3).Mygrandfather______________bothworldwars.4).Weshouldworkhardandtryto_____________________ourparents’expectations.5).Thebravegirlislearningto______________herdisability.Keys:1).liveon2).liveson3).livedthrough4).liveupto5).livewith2.bymeansof【镜头回放】ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.【语用提示】bymeansof…用……方法；借助/依靠……Heclimbedthetreebymeansofaladder.他用梯子爬上了树。Weexpressourfeelingsbymeansofwords我们用语言来表达感情。[短语归纳]byallmeans〔表示同意〕当然可以；没问题；务必；无论如何；千方百计byanymeans用一切可能的方法或手段bynomeans绝不；一点也不bythismeans用这种方法【考题预测】6〕Hewonthefirstinthegameby______ofclevernessandhardwork.A.nomeansB.allmeansC.thismeansD.means7)Allpossiblemeans______tosavethewoundedsoldier.A.havebeentriedB.istobetriedC.hasbeentriedD.aretrying3.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等[典例]TheysettleddowninCanadaandmadealifeforthemselves.他们在加拿大定居下来，习惯新的生活方式。[短语归纳]life短语：bringsb/sth(back)tolife给某人/事物的活力；使复活 laydownone’slife(forsb/sth)为……献身；牺牲生命leadadog’slife过狗一般的生活〔长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤〕makeone’swayinlife在生活中有所成就takeone’s(own)life:commitsuicide自杀 putanendtoone’slife:killoneself自杀takesb’slife:killsb取某人性命 a/sb’swayoflife〔某人的或某些人的〕生活方式awalkoflife行业；职业；阶层 tothelife逼真endone’sdays/life(insth)〔处於某状况下或在某处〕度过余生[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1).Helaiddownhislife_______thecauseoffreedom.2).Theyinterviewpeoplefrom____________________________(各行各业的人).3).SheadaptedeasilytotheFrench_____________________(生活方式).Keys:1).for2).allwalksoflife3).wayoflife4.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭古老的风俗、传统等；使某人不能去睡觉[典例]1).You’realldoingasplendidjob;keepupthegoodwork!你们干得都很出色,要坚持下去!2).Idohopewe’renotkeepingyouup.我希望我们没有耽误你睡觉。[短语归纳]keep短语：keepupwithsb/sth.跟上〔某人/物〕；〔与…〕同步前进或保持联系；跟上〔形势〕keep(on)doingsth.继续做某事物；重复做某事物 keepawayfrom〔使某人/事物〕不靠近某人/事物keepsbbackfromsb/sth〔使某人〕与某人/事物保持距离 keepsth.back阻止某事物 keeponeself/sbfromsth/doingsth使自己/某人不能做某事物keepsthfromsb不将某事告诉某人keepoff(sb/sth)不接近或不接触某人/事物 keepsb/sthout(ofsth)不让某人/物进入〔某处〕keepintouchwith保持与某人的联系 keepfit保持健康[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).Thehighcostofrawmaterialsiskeepingprices_______(副词).2).Shelikestokeepup_______(介词)thelatestfashions.3).Thehouseisbecomingtooexpensiveforthemto________________(维修).4).Weshouldtryto________________(沿袭)ouroldcustoms.5).Policewarnedbystandersto________________(不靠近)theblazingbuilding.6).Ithinkweoughtto________________________________(不把实情告诉他)untilhe’sbetter.Keys:1).up2).with3).keepup4).keepup5).keepawayfrom6).keepthetruthfromhim5.teamupwith〔与某人〕一起工作〔尤指为一共同目标〕；合作[典例]Thetwocompanieshaveteameduptodevelopanewracingcar.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。He_____________________(与某人一起工作)hisbrotherinthedoubles.Keys:teamedupwith6.markout划线标出……界线[典例]Pleasemarkoutthesentencesthatyoudon’tunderstandwitharedpen.请用红笔标出你不懂的句子。[重点用法]bemarkedwith...标记着……[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1).I’velostacase______________(标记着)“IX”onitsback.2).Shecarefully______________(划线标出)theimportantphrasesandsentencepatterns.Keys:1).markedwith2).markedout7.takein包括；吸收；接纳；接受；理解；包括；欺骗；改短〔衣服〕[典例]1).Thestudentsfinditeasytotakeinwhatyouteach.学生发现你的课很好懂。2).Hehadnowheretosleepsoweofferedtotakehimin.他没地方可以睡，我们于是就提出让他留宿。3).Iftheskirtistoobig,wecantakeinthewaist.要是裙子太大了，我们可以把腰部收紧些。4).Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.鱼通过鳃摄取氧气。5).Whatmajordidyoutakeinatuniversity?你大学是学什么专业的?6).Don’tletyourselfbetakeninbyhistricks.不要被他的花招蒙骗。[短语归纳]takeapart拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等) takedown拿下，取下；拆卸；记下takeback取回，带回；收回说过的话；使…回忆起昔日takecareof照料，保管takeup开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理 takemedicine服药takeiteasy别紧张，慢慢来 takeover继承，接收，接管takeoff脱下(衣服等)；起飞 takeon承当，从事；呈现takeone’splace入座；代替某人的位置 takeone’stime不急，慢慢干[练习]用与take相关的短语填空。1).Don’tbe______________byhispromises.2).Whodoyouthinkwill________________nowthatthegovernorhasbeendismissed?3).Theseboxesofyoursare________________toomuchspace.4).1wasreally______________whenseeingoldphotos.5).Dearladiesandgentlemen，pleasenow_____________________.Theoperaissoontobegin.6).Tomcarefully________________whattheteachersaidKeys:1).takenin 2).takeover 3).takingup 4).takenback5).takeyourplace6).tookdown【考题预测】8)Wetriedtofindatableforseven,buttheywereall______.A.givenawayB.keptawayC.takenupD.usedup8.agreat/goodmany相当多;很多agood/greatmany意思是“很多；相当多；大量的”，后接复数名词，但agood/greatmany后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。[典例]Itallhappenedagoodmanyyearsago.这发生在很多年前。[重点用法]agreat/goodmanyalargenumberofscoresofdozensofmany/few修饰可数名词复数manya修饰可数名词单数agood/greatdealofalarge/greatamountoflargeamountsofmuch/little/alittle修饰不可数名词alotof=lotsofplentyofalarge/greatquantityof=quantitiesofasupplyof=suppliesof可数名词复数/不可数名词[练习]根据句子的要求翻译。1).I’veknownherfor_____________________(很多)years.2).IimagineifonedayIhad____________________________(很多)money,Iwouldgotravelingroundtheworld.Keys:1).agreat/goodmany2).agood/greatdealof或alarge/greatamountof【考题预测】9)Theyoungcouplehastraveled________citiessincetheygotmarriedandtheylearned________fromtheirtraveling.A.agoodmany;agreatdeal B.alotof;agreatdealofC.agreatmanyof;alotofD.agreatdealof;agreatmany【考题预测】keys:1)—5)CADBC6)—10)DACAC重点短语互译：1._______________继续存在 2.__________用……方法；借助……3._______________向……宣战 4.__________坚持；维持；沿袭〔风俗〕5._______________在十九世纪晚期6.__________划线；划出……界线7._______________被逼为奴 8.___________……的家园9._______________包括；吸收10.____________applyfor11._______________agreat/goodmany 12.____________makealife13._______________backtoback 14.____________teamupwithKeys:1.liveon2.bymeansof3.declarewaron4.keepup5.inthelate19thcentury6.markout7.beforcedintoslavery8.behometo9.takein10.申请；请示得到11.许多；很多12.习惯于新的生活方式、工作等13.背靠背14.与……合作或一起工作Ⅴ.重点句子1.CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.加利福尼亚是美国第三大洲，但有着最多的人口。[解释]形容词的最高级前面可以被序数词以及byfar，much，almost，nearly，notquite等词修饰。[练习]翻译句子。1).黄河是中国第二长河。__________________________________________________________________2).亚洲是世界上最大的洲。__________________________________________________________________Keys:1).TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.2).Asiaisbyfarthelargestcontinentintheworld.2.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.没有人知道确切在什么时候第一批移民者到达我们今天所称为加利福尼亚的地方。[解释]whatwenowknowasCalifornia是一个由what引导的名词性从句，做arrivein的宾语,what是复合关系代词，相当于thething(s)that，因此，在名词性从句中可以用thething(s)that取代的，应该用what。注意1：名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不起句子成分的作用，what必须起句子成分的作用。注意2：名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否那么用what。Whathesaidsoundsreasonable.(what作said的宾语)Thatourteamhaswonthegamehasbeenproved.(That在主语从句中不起句子成分的作用)Therearemanybooksavailable.Idon’tknowwhichtoread.(which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)Whatbookdoyouwanttobuy?(前文没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)[练习]根据句子的意思填词。1).Thisis________hewanted.2).Thisisthething________hewanted.3).Sheisnolonger________sheusedtobe.4).Sheisnolongertheperson________sheusedtobe.Keys:1).what2).that3).what4).That【考题预测】10〕Sheisalwaysthinkingof______shecandotohelpothers.A.that B.which C.what D.how课文要点Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Californiaisthe_____1_____(three)largeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.Ithas_____2______(attraction)peoplefromallovertheworld.Noonereallyknowswhenthefirstpeoplearrivedin______3____wenowknowasCalifornia.NowtherearemoreNativeAmericans_____4_______inCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.California_____5________(统治)bySpainandthereisstillastrongSpanish______6_____〔影响〕inthestate.Peoplebegan_____7______〔settle〕inCaliforniawhengold_____8_______(发现)there.ButpeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivingthere.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixof_____9______〔国籍〕willbesogreatthattherewillbenomajorracialofculturalgroups,butsimplya____10______〔mix〕ofmanyculture答案：1.third2.attracted3.what4.living5.wasruled6.influence7.settling8.wasdiscovered9.nationalities10.mixtureⅡ.课文大意概括阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。整篇文章分别介绍了美洲土著人，西班牙人，俄罗斯人，金矿工人，后来移民与未来移民及解释为什么加州是一个多民族，多文化的地方。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：ThewholepassageintroducedthenativeAmericans,theSpanish,Russians,goldminers,laterarrivalsandfutureimmigrantsandexplainwhyCaliforniaisamulti-ethnic,andmulti-culturalplace.Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写1.【原句】ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼来地区的，谁也说不清楚。[模仿要点]句子结构：状语从句+what从句，+主句【模仿1】当我们把它和我们称之为“大哥大”相比，我们发现新的移动携带轻便，小巧，价格廉价。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Whenwecomparedittowhatwecalled“DaGeDa”,wefoundnewmobilephonesarelightandsmalltocarrywithalowprice.【模仿2】当我们到达人们称之为小鸟天堂的地方时，我们兴奋地发现数千种鸟类定居在那。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：WhenwearrivedatwhatpeoplecallBirdParadise,wewereexcitedtofindthousandsofkindsofbirdsaresettlingthere.2．【原句】AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniain1860s.虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始来到〔美国〕，但是更大批量的中国移民却是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。[模仿要点]句子结构：让步状语从句+强调句【模仿1】虽然他妹妹和他没有血缘关系，但是洪战辉他自己坚持背她上大学，这件事感动了整个中国。_____________________________________________________________________答案：Althoughhisyoungsisterhasnobloodrelationshipwithhim,itisHongZhanHuihimselfthatinsistsoncarryingheronhisbacktocollege,whichmovesthewholeChina.【模仿2】虽然我的日常生活十分单调，但是我的努力使我适应新的校园生活。_____________________________________________________________________答案：Althoughmydailylifeisextremelymonotonous,itismyhardworkthatmakesmeadaptmyselftothenewlifeoncampus.3.【原句】Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至于不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。[模仿要点]句子结构：Itis+V-ed+that从句；so…that…【模仿1】据报道2008奥运福娃的英文名已经从Friendlies改为Fuwa,它易发音，易记忆，很受人们的欢送。_____________________________________________________________________答案：ItisreportedthattheEnglishnameofthefivemascotsofthe2008Olympicshaschangedfrom“Friendlies”to“Fuwa”,whichissoeasytopronounceandrememberthatitispopularwithallthepeople.【模仿2】人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大以至我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍，但是我们必须非常注意书的选择。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Itiscommonlybelievedthattheinfluenceofbooksissoimportantthatourparentsalwaysencourageustoformgoodhabitsofreadingandtoreadmorebooks,butwemustpaygreatattentiontothechoiceofbooks.题型专练1．完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：186完成时间：14分钟难度：***Themobilephonehascreatedanewwayoflife.Itgivesustheopportunityto1peoplewhenandwherewelike.Butwhenmobilephonesbecomeascommonplaceaswristwatches,itseemstheyarecreating2situations.Peoplelettheirphonesringinrestaurants,theatresorbusinessmeetings.People3discussverypersonalissuesovertheirphoneswhilestrangersarearoundthem.Peoplespendalltheirtimeinthe4offriendspayingmoreattentiontothoseattheotherendoftheirmobilephones.Bynow,everyoneknowsthatmobilephoneetiquetteisa5problem.Thesearetipsforbeingagood6citizen.Firstly,rememberto7yourphoneisoffatactivities.Secondly,8thepeoplearoundyouwhenyoumakeortakecallsinpublic.Thirdly,don'tansweryourcellphonewhiletalkingwithanotherpersonunlessthatphoneismore9thanthepersonyouarewith.Followtheserulesandyou'llbea10mobilephonesuserbybeingconsideratetoothers.1.A.approach B.reach C.arrive D.extend2.A.embarrassing B.strange C.extraordinary D.complex3.A.further B.loudly C.openlyD.briefly4.A.presence B.existence C.absenceD.appearance5.A.basic B.technical C.real D.behavioral6.A.mobile B.telephone C.mediumD.average7.A.check B.control C.stop D.test8.A.appreciate B.respect C.observeD.watch9.A.valuable B.excellent C.important D.worth10.A.large B.responsible C.regular D.current答案：BABACAABCB2．语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。词数：168完成时间：8分钟难度：***TheWhitesliveinabigcity.Theyh