Unit+10+Connections+Lesson+1+How+Closely+Connected+Are+We-+课件【知识精讲】高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册

Unit10Lesson1HowCloselyConnectedAreWe?Learninggoals:Attheendofthethisperiod,studentswillbeableto:1.understandanddescribewhatthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theoryis;2.acquireandgeneralizetheinformationaboutthedevelopmentofthetheory;3.talkaboutthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theory.Step1:Lead-in1.Whoisyouridol(偶像)?2.Doyouwanttocontactwithher/him?Theory:SixDegreesofSeparationWeareclosertotherestoftheworldthanwethink!When：Who：SixDegreesofSeparationWhat：Inthe1920swhichmeansanypersononEarthcanbeconnectedtoanyotherpersonthoroughachainofnomorethanfiveotherpeople.Readthefirsttwoparagraphs:Whatdoes“SixDegreesofSeparation”theorymean?Whenwastheconceptfirsttalkedabout?Whointroducedthetheory?FrigyesKarinthyDoyoubelieveSixDegreesofSeparation?

“SixDegreesofSeparation”.SixDegreesofSeparation六度分隔，又称为“小世界现象”。大意是说，任何两个素不相识的人中间最多只隔着六层关联，即只需要不超过五个人就可以将两个陌生人联系在一起。FrigyesKarinthy匈牙利佐加弗里吉斯·考林蒂（1887-1938）。他的短篇故事《链条》（Chains）中的角色认为至多需要五个人（在认识其中一人的情况下），仅通过人际关系，他就可以联系到自己想找的人。因此，一些学者认为考林蒂是最早发现六度分隔现象的人。他的观点对最早期社交网络的构想产生了一定影响。Thefounders—FrigyesKarinthyHow-HechosearandomsampleofpeopleinthemiddleofAmericaandaskedthemto_________________toastrangerinthestateofMassachusetts.Who-______________In1967Findings/Results-Itonlytookbetween______________peopletogettheparcelsdelivered.sendpackagesfiveandsevenExamplestoprovethetheoryLine21:“small-worldproblem”Task2:Careful-readingStanleyMilgramLearnsomebackgroundinformationaboutthetheory“SixDegreesofSeparation”.StanleyMilgram斯坦利·米尔格兰姆（1933-1984），美国社会心理学家。1967年，他根据“六度分隔”进行了一次名为“小世界”的连锁信实验，该实验发现一封信函平均经受五位陌生人即可到达目标收件人手中。该实验结果于1967年发表。How-They_________agame,theideaofwhichwastolinkanyactortoKevinBaconthrough_______________sixlinks.Who-TwocollegestudentsintheUnitedStatesInthemid-1990sFindings/Results-Thegame__________________inuniversitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.inventednomorethanwasbeingplayedExamplestoprovethetheoryKevinBacon美国著名影星，曾获得第67届金球奖最佳男主角和第16届美国演员工会奖最佳男主角。theOscar-winningfilmBabel奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》。该影片讲述的是四个不同国家、不同种族、不同语言的家庭，在短短11天内历经各种不幸，而所有的不幸几乎都源于沟通不畅。《通天塔》体现了六度分隔理论。《迷失》（Lost）本剧主要讲述大洋航空815客机坠落在太平洋的热带神秘孤岛上，48名乘客侥幸生还。面对这种荒芜人烟的小岛，生还者形形色色，国籍、人种、文化背景、个性各异，有父亲，有儿子，有朋友，也有敌人。他们既要克服恶劣的天气，在荒蛮的热带丛林中寻找食物、水源，还有一只在夜晚发出令所有人胆战叫声的神秘生物；更困难的是他们必须战胜个人私欲，排除隔阂与分歧，同舟共济，求得生存。How-ColumbiaUniversitytriedto

recreateMilgram’sexperimentontheInternet.Itinvolved24,163emailchainswith__________________in13differentcountries.Who-ColumbiaUniversityIn2003Findings/Results-It____________thattheaveragenumberoflinksinthechainwas____.

18targetpeopleconfirmedExamplestoprovethetheorysixLine51:“ColumbiaSmall-worldProject”How-Theexperimentanalysedtherelationshipbetween721million______________users.Who-theUniversityofMilanIn2011Findings/Results-92%were__________byonlyfourstages,orfivedegreesofseparation.socialmediaconnectedExamplestoprovethetheorysixfour/fivedegreesofseparation.Inthemid-1990sHowCloselyConnectedAreWeIn1967Textbuilder—HowCloselyConnectedAreWe?In2011In2003ExamplestoprovethetheoryIntroductionConclusionThetheory“SixDegreesofSeparation”wasfirsttalkedaboutinthe1920s.Peoplearecloselyconnected.Apersoncanbeconnectedtoanyonethroughnomorethanfiveotherpeopleaccordingtothetheory.GroupWork

Readthearticleagain.Taketurnstoexplainthe“SixDegreesofSeparation”theory.UsethediagramtohelpyouReadAndExplore1.WhydidMilgramandColumbiaUniversitybothlabeltheirexperiments“Small-world”?2.Whydoyouthinkpeoplestudyhowpeopleareconnected?Discussthequestionsingroups.1.Because

they

believed

that

any

person

on

Earth

couldbe

connected

to

any

other

person

through

a

chain

of

no

more

than

five

other

people.

In

this

sense

the

worldis

small.1.WhydidMilgramandColumbiaUniversitybothlabeltheirexperiments“Small-world”?

Probablypeoplewanttostudythestructuresofhumansociety,therulesofhumansocialactivities,andhowpeopleareconnectedwitheachother.2.Whydoyouthinkpeoplestudyhowpeopleareconnected?think&share1.Inwhataspectsdoesthetheoryenlightenyou?1.establishgoodinterpersonalrelationships2.reachoutto..3.meetnewfriends4.beopento/tolerate2.Sharewithusyourstoryrelatedtosixdegreesofseparation.1.In1967,a__________StanleyMilgramdidanexperimenttofindouthowmanydegreesofseparationtherewerebetweenstrangersindifferentpartsofAmerican.2.Allofthe_________inMilgram’sexperimentweredeliveredtotherightpeopleafterpassingthroughthehandsofbetweenfiveandsevenpeople.3.TheresultsofMilgram’sexperiment_____________inthemagazinePsychologyToday.4.Theresultofthe“ColumbiaSmall-worldProject”confirmedthattheaveragenumberoflinksinthe________wassix.5.Peopledoingexperimentsinto“SixDegreesofSeparation”usuallychoosea_______sampleofpeopletotakeparttomaketheresultsmorereliable.6.Recently,creatingandgrowingyoursocial_______hasbecomemoreimportantthaneverbeforeduetothegrowthofsocialmedia.sociologistpackageswerepublishedchainrandomnetworkrandomsociologistnetworkpublishpackagechainCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.GameYouareastudentingrade2.Youaregoingtosendabooktoastudent,whoyoudon’tknow,ingrade1,butyouonlyknowhisname.Howwillyoudo?Youcannotaskateacherforhelp!ReferringtothetheorythatanypersononEarthcanbeconnectedtoanyotherpersonthroughachainofnomorethanfiveotherpeople,

“SixDegreesofSeparation”wasfirsttalkedaboutas1.

_________(early)asthe1920s.Inthe1950s,twoscientistsmadeanattempt2._________(prove)thetheory3.

_______________(mathematic),

butfailed.

In1967,

AmericansociologistStanleyMilgramtestedthetheorywithanewmethodcalledthe“small-worldproblem”,

anditwasthisresearch4.______inspiredthephrase“SixDegreesofSeparation”.Withthetheoryandthephrase5._______________(appear)againinthelastfewdecades,thenameof“SixDegreesofSeparation”wasused6._____thetitleofaplayandthenamovie.

Afterwards,

7.___________(base)ontheconcept,

moremoviesandTVprogrammesweremadeandbroadcast.