儿童生长发育对照表

儿童生长发育对照表表1中国0〜18岁男童体重参照值(kg)年龄组下等中下等中等中上等上等初生2.542.923.303.684.061月〜3.844.475.105.736.362月〜4.725.446.166.887.603月〜5.406.196.987.778.564月〜5.946.757.568.379.185月〜6.267.148.028.909.786月〜6.747.688.629.5610.508月〜7.198.199.1910.1911.1910月〜7.578.619.6510.6911.7312月〜8.089.1210.1611.2012.2415月〜8.489.5910.7011.8112.9218月〜8.8710.0611.2512.4413.6321月〜9.3110.5711.8313.0914.352.0岁〜10.0111.2912.5713.8515.132.5岁〜10.9012.2313.5614.8916.223.0岁〜11.4012.9114.4215.9317.443.5岁〜12.2713.8215.3716.9218.474.0岁〜12.6914.4616.2318.0019.774.5岁〜13.3615.3017.2419.1821.125.0岁〜14.0816.2118.3420.4722.605.5岁〜14.8817.1319.3821.6323.886.0岁〜15.7718.3720.9723.5726.177.0岁〜15.2519.3023.3527.4031.45年龄组下等中下等中等中上等上等初生2.482.843.203.563.921月〜3.674.244.815.385.952月〜4.445.095.746.397.043月〜5.025.726.427.127.824月〜5.516.267.017.768.515月〜5.996.767.538.309.076月〜6.207.108.008.909.808月〜6.717.688.659.6210.5910月〜7.118.109.0910.0811.0712月〜7.428.479.5210.5711.6215月〜7.999.0410.0911.1412.1918月〜8.439.5410.6511.7612.8721月〜9.0110.1311.2512.3713.492.0岁〜9.5810.8112.0413.2714.502.5岁〜10.3111.6412.9714.3015.633.0岁〜11.1512.5814.0115.4416.873.5岁〜11.9013.4214.9416.4617.984.0岁〜12.4514.1315.8117.4919.174.5岁〜13.0414.9216.8018.6820.565.0岁〜13.9015.8717.8419.8121.785.5岁〜14.3616.5818.8021.0223.246.0岁〜15.2617.8120.3622.9125.467.0岁〜15.0818.7022.3225.9429.56年龄组下等中下等中等中上等上等初生47.048.750.452.153.81月〜52.354.656.959.261.52月〜55.658.060.462.865.23月〜58.460.763.065.367.64月〜60.762.965.167.369.55月〜62.464.767.069.371.66月〜64.466.869.271.674.08月〜67.069.572.074.577.010月〜69.472.074.677.279.812月〜71.974.677.380.082.715月〜74.777.580.383.185.918月〜76.579.682.785.888.921月〜79.282.485.688.892.02.0岁〜82.385.789.192.595.92.5岁〜86.389.893.396.8100.33.0岁〜89.493.196.8100.5104.23.5岁〜92.696.4100.2104.0107.84.0岁〜95.599.6103.7107.8111.94.5岁〜98.9103.0107.1111.2115.35.0岁〜102.1106.3110.5114.7118.95.5岁〜104.7109.2113.7118.2122.76.0岁〜108.5113.2117.9122.6127.37.0岁〜112.5118.2123.9129.6135.3年龄组下等中下等中等中上等上等初生46.648.249.851.453.01月〜51.753.956.158.360.52月〜54.656.959.261.563.83月〜57.259.461.663.866.04月〜59.461.663.866.068.25月〜60.963.265.567.870.16月〜62.865.267.670.072.48月〜65.668.170.673.175.610月〜68.170.773.375.978.512月〜70.373.175.978.781.515月〜73.376.178.981.784.518月〜75.878.781.684.587.421月〜78.581.584.587.590.52.0岁〜81.384.788.191.594.92.5岁〜84.888.492.095.699.23.0岁〜88.792.395.999.5103.13.5岁〜91.695.499.2103.0106.84.0岁〜95.098.9102.8106.7110.64.5岁〜97.8102.0106.2110.4114.65.0岁〜101.6105.7109.8113.9118.05.5岁〜103.9108.4112.9117.4121.96.0岁〜108.1112.6117.1121.6126.17.0岁〜111.7117.2122.7128.2133.7

男童女童年龄组下平均值上等下平均值上等初生31.934.3±1.236.731.533.9±1.236.31月〜35.538.1±1.340.735.037.4±1.239.82月〜37.139.7±1.342.336.538.9±1.241.33月〜38.441.0±1.343.637.740.1±1.242.54月〜39.742.1±1.244.538.841.2±1.243.65月〜40.643.0±1.245.439.742.1±1.244.56月〜41.544.1±1.346.740.443.0±1.345.68月〜42.545.1±1.347.741.544.1±1.346.710月〜43.045.8±1.448.642.444.8±1.247.212月〜43.946.5±1.349.143.045.4±1.247.815月〜44.547.1±1.349.743.646.0±1.248.418月〜45.247.6±1.250.044.146.5±1.248.921月〜45.548.1±1.350.744.546.9±1.249.32.0岁〜46.048.4±1.250.845.047.4±1.249.82.5岁〜46.649.0±1.251.445.648.0±1.250.43.0岁〜47.049.4±1.251.846.248.4±1.150.63.5岁〜47.449.8±1.252.246.448.8±1.251.24.0岁〜47.550.1±1.352.746.749.1±1.251.54.5岁〜47.850.4±1.353.047.049.4±1.251.85.0岁〜48.350.7±1.253.147.349.7±1.252.15.5岁〜48.550.9±1.253.347.650.0±1.252.46.0〜7.0岁48.951.3±1.253.747.750.3±1.352.9常用的小儿生长发育指标有：体重、身高、头围、胸围。一、体重体重是反映小儿生长发育的最重要也是最灵敏的指标。因为体重反映孩子的营养状况，尤其是近期的营养状况。体重可以受多种因素如：营养、辅食添加、疾病等的影响。体重在出生头3个月增长最快，一般为月增长600〜1000克，最好不低于600克。3〜6个月次之，一般月增长600〜800克。6〜12个月平均每个月增长300克。1岁后小儿生长速度明显减慢，1〜3岁小儿平均每个月体重增长150克。1岁后小儿的体重可用以下公式计算：体重〔kg〕=年龄〔岁〕又2+7〔或8〕二、身长身长也是小儿生长发育的重要指标，但它反映的是长期营养状况，短期内影响生长发育的因素〔营养、疾病等〕对身长影响不明显。它主要受遗传、种族和环境的影响较为明显。身长的增加同体重一样，也是在生后第一年增长最快，平均年增长25厘米。第二年平均增长10厘米，第三年平均增长4〜7.5厘米。幼儿期孩子的体型由婴儿期的肥墩型向瘦长型转变。这期间躯干稍长些，下肢稍短些。幼儿期后，四肢的增长逐渐快于躯干的增长。一岁以后平均身长的公式为：身长〔cm〕=年龄〔岁〕x5+80〔cm〕。小儿的身长与体重都可以用国际卫生组织的标准来评价。三、头围头围是反映孩子脑发育的一个重要指标。头围在生后第一年增长最快。出生时头围平均34cm；1岁时平均46cm；第二年增加2cm,第三年增长1〜2cm。3岁时头围平均为48cm,已与成人相差不很多了。由此可看出，脑发育主要在生后头3年。正常小儿后囟门3个月闭合，前囟门1岁〜1岁半闭合。过迟闭合要考虑有无佝偻病的可能。有的孩子出生时囟门就较小,闭合也会早些。这与母亲孕期营养状况较好有关。因此要综合看待这个问题,如果没有超量服用鱼肝油或超量服用及注射维生素D,一般问题不大。需要注意的是，并非像人们所想像的那样：孩子头越大越聪明,聪明与否和头围大小并不成正比。孩子