Unit1Honestyandresponsibility词汇讲解课件高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

选择性必修四第一单元词汇讲解（一）1.barelyadv.仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不，几乎没有；刚好，不超过；刚才，刚刚【即学即练】一词多义1)The

music

was

barely

audible.___________2)There

was

barely

any

smell.__________3)They

arrived

barely

a

minute

later.___________4)I

had

barely

started

speaking

when

heinterrupted

me._________勉强几乎没有不超过刚刚你能总结“一...就...”的表达方式吗？同义词:merely;simply（仅仅）hardly;scarcely（几乎不）词性：●bareadj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；基本的；勉强的v.使裸露barely...when...刚...就/一...就●on/upon＋名词/动名词●at+the+名词(sight/thought/mention...)of...(一看到／想到／提到…就…)●assoonas●themoment/minute/second/instant●instantly/immediately/directly

●nosooner....than....●hardly/scarcely/rarely/barely....when....主句从句过去完成时(haddone)一般过去时(did)一....就连词介词

Icalledherassoonas/themoment/immediatelyIarrivedattheairport.

I

had

barely

started

speaking

when

heinterrupted

me.

Barely

hadIstarted

speaking

when

heinterrupted

me.主句构成部分倒装had+主语＋doneUpon/On(myarrival)arrivingattheairport,Icalledher.Atthesightofthesnake,hecouldn’thelpcrying.同义词：date;engagement（约会）

词性:●appoint.vt.任命,委派（工作，角色）;约定（时间，地点）●appointed

adj.约定的，指定的

【拓展】make/haveanappointmentwith与某人约会byappointment按照约定appointsb+as/tobe

....任命某人担任...

to任命某人到...任职todosth委派某人做某事2.appointmentn.约会，约定；任命，委任；职务【即学即练】1.I

have

an

appointment

Dr.

Smith,

but

I

need

to

change

it.2.At

this

time,

the

judge

will

appoint

a

court

lawyer

(defend)

the

suspect

if

he

can’t

afford

one.

3.He

holds

an

(appoint)

in

the

English

Department

at

present.

4.He

wasappointed

captain

ofthebasketballteam.5.Whoshallweappoint

thechairmanshipoftheclub？6.Everythinghadits

(appoint)placeand

time.withtodefendappointmentasappointedto3.teardown拆毁，拆除

(tore;torn)【即学即练】tearup/tearoneselfawayfrom/tearapart/teardown/tearat1)Themusictookmethroughthetwistsandturnsofaclassicstoryaboutayoungcouple________________bytheirfamilies.2)Theyplanto_____________theoldbuildingtomakewayforanewmuseum.3)She_________________

all

the

letters

he

had

senther.4)He

_________________

the

meat

with

his

bare

hands.5)Dinner's

ready,

if

you

can

_____________________

the

TV.【拓展】tearapart使(关系密切的人)分离,分开tearsbapart使不快;使担心tearsth.apart撕毁;撕碎tearatsth.撕裂;扯开;撕破

tearoneself/sth.

awayfromsth.依

依不舍地离开;忍痛离去;把…拿走tearsth.up撕毁，撕碎（文件)等intears流着泪tornapartteardowntore

uptore

attear

yourselfaway

from4.keenadj.灵敏的,敏锐的(=sharp);渴望,热切,热衷于(=eager);着迷的,有强烈兴趣的；激烈的

【拓展】

haveakeeneyefor对...有敏锐的眼力

bekeentodosth渴望做某事bekeenon(doing)sth渴望;热切;热衷;对...有强烈兴趣

【即学即练】1)Dogshave__________________(敏锐的嗅觉).2)My

friend

_________________(对...有敏锐的眼力)

a

bargain.3)Wewonthecontestinthefaceof________________(激烈的竞争).4)Hetoldmethathe_______________(很想帮忙).5)_________________________________________(得知你对中国文化很感兴趣),Iamwritingtoinviteyoutojoininit.akeensenseofsmellhasakeeneyeforwaskeentohelpKnowingthatyouarekeenonChineseculture5.makeone’sfortune发财fortune

n.财富,运气---

adj.幸运的----

adv.幸运地---

adj.不幸的---

adv.不幸地---n.不幸;厄运;不幸的事故fortunatefortunatelyunfortunateunfortunatelymisfortunemakeforsth向…移动;促成makesb/sthout看清;辨清makeup组成;编造;弥补;化妆makeupforsth弥补;补偿makesense有道理,有意义,讲得通makethemostof充分利用有关make的短语：【拓展】makeafortune发财,赚大钱

tryone’sfortune碰运气seekone’sfortune外出找出路

tellyourfortune算命【即学即练】makeit

makeupfor

makethemostof

makeone’sfortune

makeone’swayto

makeadifference

Makeyourwayto

tomakemyfortunetomakeupfortomakethemostoftomakeadifferencetomakeit

6.losecontact失去联系

【即学即练】1)Shehas

_______________

(与...失去联系)her

son.2)I

finally

_________________(与...取得联系)her

in

Paris.3)He’d

prefer

a

job

where

he

doesn't

haveto

be

____________________(与...直接接触)

the

public.keepincontactwith与...保持联系losetouch失去联系losetouchwith与...失去联系lost

contact

withmade

contact

withindirectcontactwith7.reliableadj.可依赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的(=dependable)

【拓展】relyon=dependon=counton依赖,依靠;信任,信赖relyonsb./sth,todosth.依靠/信赖某人/某物做某事relyonitthat...=dependonitthat...相信,指望...berelianton/upon依靠，依赖【反】unreliableadj.不可靠的；靠不住的词性：reliablyadv.可靠地;确实地reliabilityn.可靠性reliantadj.依赖性的;依靠的(=dependent)relyv.相信,依赖;依靠,依赖

reliancen.依靠,信任reliableonitrelianttoorganize【拓展】Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth

做某事是值得的词性：worthadj.价值…的;值得的,具有…价值的n.价格,价值;重要性,作用;能用的东西beworth(doing)sth.

值得做某事worthyadj.值得的,应得的;好的beworthyofbeingdone

值得做某事beworthytobedone

【即学即练】1.Idon’tthink_______worthwhiletoaskhimtojointheclubbecausehe’llonlyrefuse.2.Thedelicatedesignofthecarsmadeitworthwhileforbuyers_________(buy)thematahigherprice.beingconsidered.Itisworthwhiletoconsider

theproposal.considering

theproposal.Theproposalisworthyofconsideration.tobeconsidered.consideration.considering.Theproposalisworthtobuyit8.worthwhileadj.值得花时间的，重要的，令人愉快的9.suspectv.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象（复数：suspects）词性：suspectedadj.有嫌疑的suspectableadj.值得怀疑的suspicionn.怀疑suspiciousadj.感觉可疑的;怀疑的;多疑的

【拓展】suspect...as...怀疑······为····suspectsb(ofsth/ofdoingsth)怀疑（某人有罪）【即学即练】1)_____________(suspect)nothing,hewalkedrightintothetrap.2)WhatIsuspectedwas______________hewasarealpoliceman.3)Heresignedafter_________________(suspect)oftheft.4)Thedrugissuspected_______causingover200deaths.5)Theybecame______________(suspect)of/abouthisbehaviorandcontactedthepolice.Suspectingwhetherbeingsuspectedofsuspicious“vt+sb+ofsth”结构warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事accusesb.ofsth.控告某人某事curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的某种疾病informsb.ofsth.告知某人某事convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事remindsb.ofsth.使某人回想起某事ridsbofsth使某人摆脱某事【即学即练】1)My

brother

was

arrested

drunk

driving.2)It

is

reported

that

the

driver

of

the

truck,

considered

to

be

fully

responsible

for

the

accident,

has

been

(被逮捕).3)It

was

when

the

specialist

discussed

with

the

panel

that

the

initiative

(引起他的注意).【拓展】under

arrest

被逮捕arrest

sb.

for

sth.因某事逮捕某人arrest

one’s

attention吸引某人的注意力(=attract/draw/catchone’sattention)forunderarrestarrestedhisattention10.arrestn.&vt.逮捕，拘捕

；吸引（注意力）11.anyhowadv.不过，总之

（=anyway）；尽管；而且；随便地

【即学即练】1)Iwasn’tqualifiedtoapplyforthejobreallybutIgotit_______.2)Thepriceis_________higherthanIexpected.3)However,afterIwenttohighschool,_________Ibecamedistantfromhim.somewhatsomehowanyhow【拓展】

somehowadv.不知怎的somewhatadv.有点，稍微

(tosomedegree)12.innocentadj.无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的

n.无辜者,单纯的人【即学即练】1)Thecourtfoundhim________(innocence)andhewasreleased.2)Hewassurethatthemanwasinnocent______anycrimeandhewasnotacriminalatall.3)Iaskedifshewasmarriedinall____________（innocent）.innocentofinnocenceadj(-ent)frequentefficientconsistentsufficient...n(-cy)frequencyefficiencyconsistencysufficiency...【拓展】beinnocentofsth无辜的；清白的；无罪的inallinnocence完全没有恶意

词性：innocentlyadv.纯洁地；无罪地

innocencen.天真，单纯；清白，无罪13.burdenn.(责任、义务等的)重担，负担vt.(使)担负【拓展】aburdenon/to...是...的负担bear/carry/ease/reduce/sharetheburden承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担burdensb/oneself(withsth.)使...担负...;装载...beburdenedwithsth.负重;为...所累beartheburdenburdened

themselves

withto/onBurdened

with

twoheavy

suitcases选择性必修四第一单元词汇讲解（二）1.resignvt&vi.辞职,辞去;放弃;使听从;委托

/ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃn/【即学即练】1)We

had

to

resign

ourselves

to

________(make)

aloss

on

the

sale.2)Sam

was

_________

tothefactthathewouldneverbepromoted.3)There

were

calls

for

her

__________(resign)fromtheboardofdirectors.4)“We’llhavetoleave,”shesaidwitha________(resign)sigh.【拓展】resignfromsth./resignassth.辞职;辞去(某职务)resignoneselfto(doing)sth.听任;只好接受;顺从beresignedto(doing)sth无奈地接受某事物a

letter

of

resignation辞职信makingresignationresignedresigned

词性：resignedadj.顺从的;已辞职的;已放弃的resignationn.辞职;辞职信,辞呈;顺从,听任;(棋)认输recognizev.—recognitionn.recognizationn.2.guiltyadj.感到内疚的,感到惭愧的(ashamed);有罪的(反：innocent),有过失的(guiltier,guiltiest)

【拓展】feel/beguiltyabout/for对...感到内疚/惭愧beguiltyof

犯有...罪；有...过失asenseofguilt内疚感词性：guiltn.内疚;罪行；罪责(U)（vt.）guiltlessadj.无罪的,无辜的;没有…的,不知…的guiltilyadv.内疚地;有罪地【即学即练】1)I

_____________________

(感到很内疚)leaving

her.2)Many

survivors

were

left

with

_______________(内疚感)。3)Ionlywentbecauseshe________________it.我是受到她的蛊惑才去的。4)The

jury

found

the

defendant

not

___________the

offence.陪审团裁决被告无罪。5)

________________________(满怀愧疚)，IrushedtoapologizetoTom.(非谓语)feel

very

guilty

abouta

sense

ofguiltguiltedmeintoguiltyof

Filled/Consumedwithguilt3.ashamedadj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬【拓展】

be/feelashamedof/that...对...感到羞愧beashamedtodosth因惭愧而不情愿；羞于shamen.羞耻,羞愧;羞耻心,羞耻感;让人遗憾的事Whatashame!多可惜!真丢脸!【即学即练】用shame,ashamed,shameful,shameless填空The_________manfeltno________andnoregret，whichmadehiswife

deeply_________ofhis_________behaviouratthe

party.shamelessshamefulshameashamed词性：

shamefuladj.丢脸的，可耻的（近disgraceful）（事件）shamelessadj.无耻的(人)读后续写情感描写之“惭愧/羞愧/尴尬”形容词ashamed,embarrassed,awkward,

embarrassing,shameful,shamefaced

...必备单词高级词块名词/动词embarrassment,awkwardness,shame,embarrass...●with/inshame羞愧地●feelbloodrush/rushingtoone’sface感到脸阵阵发烫●feellikesittingonpinsandneedles/actasaratonthehotbrick如坐针毡/如热锅上的蚂蚁●dropdown/duckdown/lowerdownone’sheadwithembarrassment/shame尴尬/羞愧地低下了头●sbbeoverwhelmed/overcome/seized/burdened/consumed/wildwithshame羞愧极了Shewasashamed.她感到羞愧。①她羞愧地低下了头。(肢体动作)Shewassoembarrassedthatshestoodthereclumsily,feelingthebloodrushingtoherface.②她感到很尴尬，笨拙地站在那里，感到血涌到了脸上。(神态描写)Alltheairseemedtodisappearandshefeltasifthewholeworldwaswatchingher.④所有的空气似乎都消失了，她觉得整个世界都在注视着她。(夸张)

Herfacewasflushed,herheadwashanginggently,andtearswereshiningfromthecornersofhereyes.③她的脸上泛起了红晕，头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着泪光。

(面部表情+肢体动作)句子升级4.cheatvt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊【即学即练】1)Sheisaccusedofattempting__________thetaxman.2)Anyone

caught

_________(cheat)will

beautomatically

disqualified

from

theexamination.3)Many

people

feel

________

(cheat)by

the

electionprocess.4)Thesalesman_____________________(骗我买)afake(赝品).5)_______________________________他骗取了这份工作。cheatingcheated【拓展】cheatsb(out)ofsth.骗取某人某物;阻止

某人得到某物cheatsbintodoingsth.哄骗某人做某事catchsbcheating

当场抓住某人正在做某事Hecheatedhiswayintothejob.tocheatcheatedmeintobuying5.forgivevt.&vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)【拓展】forgivesb/oneselffor(doing)sth原谅某人(做了)某事forgivesbsth.原谅/宽恕某人某事forgiveadebt/loan免除债务forgiveandforget既往不咎;不念旧恶【即学即练】1)I'll

never

__________________________.我绝不会原谅她做的事。2)________________________(请原谅我打岔),butIreallydon'tagreewiththat.3)Hebegged_______________(forgive)forwhathehaddone.4)Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconciling(调和)themarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.A.payingforB.givingawayC.writingoffD.tearingdownforgive

her

for

what

she

didForgivemeforinterruptingforgiveness词性forgivenessn.

宽恕;宽仁之心

forgivingadj.宽宏大量的,宽容的

forgivableadj.可原谅的,可宽恕的6.disappointedadj.失望的，沮丧的词性：disappointv.(使)失望;使破灭,使落空

disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointmentn.失望disappointedlyadv.失望地【拓展】bedisappointedat/bysth.对某事感到失望bedisappointedwith/insb.对某人感到失望bedisappointedtodosth.因做某事而感到失望bedisappointedthat....因....而感到失望Whatdisappoints/disappointedsb.mostis/wasthat...最令某人失望的是····adisappointingresult一个令人失望的结果toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是indisappointment失望地disappointeddisappointingindisappointmentWhatdisappointsusmostto

be

chosenwere

disappointed

at

7.pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为【即学即练】(1)Whenhismothercamein,hepretended___________(do)hishomework.(2)Marypretended_____________(finish)herhomeworkandwentouttoplaywithherclassmates.(3)我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。(一句多译)①Shepretended__________________whenwemetinthestreet,whichreallymademeupset.(宾语从句)②Shepretended_________________whenwemetinthestreet,whichreallymademe

upset.(不定式)【拓展】

pretendtodosth假装做某事pretendtobedoingsth假装正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth假装做过某事pretendthat...假装...pretendoneselfto/as自诩为···pretendern.冒牌者;妄求者;妄提要求者pretendedadj.假装的;虚假的tobedoingtohavefinishedshedidn’tknowmenottoknowme8.mercyn.仁慈,宽恕;幸运,恩惠

【即学即练】1)Havinglostenginepower,thecrewontheboatfoundthemselves________________(任由...摆布)thewind.2)

____________(mercy),theyarrivedontime.3)一句多译：这位女士很善良，并且她对贫困的孩子很仁慈。Thewomanisverykindandshe_________________________

thepoorchildren.(mercy

n．)Thewomanisverykindandshe_____________________thepoorchildren.(merciful

adj.)【拓展】atthemercyof任…处置,对…无能为力leavesb/sthtothemercy/merciesofsb/sth听任某人可能受苦或受到虐待(而无能为力)throwyourselfonsb’smercy指望某人能够善待或宽恕自己ask/begformercy请求/乞求宽恕havemercyon/showmercyto对…怜悯withoutmercy残忍地;毫不留情地It'samercythat......真是万幸mercifuladj.宽大的,仁慈的;带来幸运的,给人解脱的mercifullyadv.仁慈地；幸运地bemercifulto...对...仁慈mercilessadj.残忍的;无慈悲心的ismercifultohasmercyon/showsmercytoatthemercyofMercifully9.faultn.过错,责任;弱点,缺点；缺陷,毛病【即学即练】1)I

think

the

owners

are

_________（有责任）for

not

warning

us.2)Shewashighlyself-criticalandalso_______________(挑剔)herfriends.3)__________________(不是他的过失)heisnotfamiliarwiththecustomshere.Afterall,hehasbeenhereforonlyaweek.4)Ask

for

a

refund(退款)

if

the

goods

are

________(fault).5)The

book's

virtues

far

outweigh

its________(fault).foundfaultwithat

faultItisnothisfaultthatfaultsfaulty【拓展】findfaultwith挑剔;批评;抱怨findfaultin看出…的缺点;找出…的毛病

beatfault有过错;有责任词性：faultyadj.有故障的，有缺陷的;(思维方法)有错误的faultlessadj.完美的；无缺点的10.virtuen.美德；正直的品性;优点【即学即练】1)The

plan

_________________simplicity.这项计划的优点是简单。2)She

got

the

job_____________(凭借)her

greaterexperience.has

the

virtue

of

by

virtue

of【拓展】by/invirtueof依靠(bymeansof);由于

(=dueto/owingto/onaccountof/becauseof...)havethevirtue