2024年广东省英语中考总复习代词讲义

代词知识点考查题型具体考查内容人称代词语法选择(2021)33.It，Its，They，Theirs短文填空(2023)66．putit(2022)75.celebratedit(2021)66．madehim物主代词语法选择(2023)32.he,him,his(2022)40.she,her，hers反身代词//指示代词//不定代词//疑问代词//基础练习人称代词、物主代词与反身代词类别人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1．人称代词主格通常作主语，宾格常作宾语或表语。2．形容词性物主代词用于名词前作定语，不能单独使用；当表示强调时，形容词性物主代词与own连用，表示“某人自己的”。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，具有名词的特征，须单独使用。3．反身代词可作宾语、表语和同位语。反身代词常见短语：teachoneself＝learnbyoneself自学helponeself随便吃byoneself独自地，单独dressoneself自己穿衣服enjoyoneself玩得开心loseoneself迷路注意：多个人称代词同时出现的顺序：单数是you,he/sheandI；复数是we,youandthey。提升练习(A)1．(2023天津)teachertalkedtoaboutthestoriesoftheSilkRoad.A．Our;us B．Our;weC．Ours;us D．Ours;we(A)2．(2023扬州)Thechildrenhavepaintedsincecouldfirstpickupabrush.A．they B．themC．their D．themselves(B)3．(2023黑龙江)Wewon'tbelieveituntilseeitwithowneyes.A．our;us B．we;our C．we;ours(C)4．(2023怀化)Mymother'sbirthdayiscoming．Iwillbuyagiftfor．A．she B．hers C．her指示代词1．指示代词this,that,these,those单数复数用法例句thisthese指在空间和时间上较近的事物Thiscityisverybeautiful.thatthose指在空间和时间上较远的事物Thosearemyfavouriteflowers.注意：在电话用语中，称呼自己用this，称呼对方用that。如：—Who'sthatplease?—Hello!ThisisBobspeaking．2．it,one,that作代词的区别代词用法例句it指上文提到过的事物Thisroomismine．Itissmallbuttidy.one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个Thedressesarepretty,andIwanttobuyone.that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数，如指代可数名词复数要用those，避免重复TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thetreesoutsidetheyardaretallerthanthoseinside.3.多功能it的用法用法例句用于指人以外的一切生物及无生命的事物Itlookslikeacat！表示时间、天气、季节、距离等It'sanhour'swalkfrommyhometotheschool.用于上文提及的内容Youmustn'tplayontheroad.It'sdangerous.用作形式主语，常用于“It's＋adj.(＋for/ofsb.)＋todosth.”“Ittakes/tooksb．…todo…”等句型中It'simportantforustokeepthewaterclean.Ittookmeaweektofinishreadingthebook.用作形式宾语，常用于“sb.＋动词＋it＋adj.＋todosth.”句型中，与之搭配的动词有find，think，make，consider，feel等Hefounditnoteasytolearnalanguagewell.用于固定搭配中，如“It'stimetodosth./forsth.”“It'sone'sturntodosth.”“Itseemsthat…”等It'stimetohavesupper．(C)5．(2023凉山)Thetwinslookthesame,soeventheirfatherfindsdifficulttotellthemfromeachother.A．that B．this C．it不定代词1．不定代词的判定(1)根据定义判断：不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。如：somebody，anything。(2)根据用法判断：既可以置于名词前，又可以指代名词。如：manyboys，allofyou。2．不定代词的辨析不定代词辨析例句some,any(1)都是“一些”的意思，都可以修饰或指代可数名词或不可数名词(2)some多用于肯定句中；any多用于否定句、疑问句中(3)表示请求、邀请或征求意见的问句，通常要用some而不用anyTomhassomebooks．Doyouhaveanyquestions?Hedoesn'thaveanypens.Wouldyouliketohavesomewater？few,afew(1)few修饰或指代可数名词复数，表示否定(2)afew修饰或指代可数名词复数，表示肯定Hehasfewfriends．Hehasafewfriends.little,alittle(1)little修饰或指代不可数名词，表示否定(2)alittle修饰或指代不可数名词，表示肯定Thereislittlewater．Thereisstillalittlewaterleft.many,much(1)many修饰或指代可数名词复数(2)much修饰或指代不可数名词Manyboysareinterestedine－games.Thetoycostmuchmoney.both,either，neither(1)both指两者都(2)either指两者中的任意一个(修饰或指代可数名词单数)(3)neither指两者都不(作主语时，谓语动词用单数)Heisblindinbotheyes.There'renotreesoneithersideoftheriver.Neitheranswerisright.all,none(1)all指三者或三者以上都，或指不可数的事物(2)none指三者或三者以上都不(作主语时，多与of构成短语noneof，谓语动词用单复数均可)；既可指人又可指物Aretheyallstudents?Noneofthefilmsis/arenice．noone，nobody表示三者或三者以上全部否定，只用于指人不用于指物，作主语时，谓语动词用单数Noone/Nobodyhasreadthisbook．each,every(1)each指两者或两者以上，侧重于个体(2)every指三者或三者以上，侧重整体；不能单独使用，只有与名词连用或构成复合词时，才能作主语和宾语Therearetreesoneachsideoftheroad．EverychildenjoysChristmas.续表不定代词辨析例句another，other，others，theother,theothers(1)another“又一；另外的”，既可作形容词又可作代词(2)other“另外/其他一些”，后接名词(3)others“另外/其他一些人或物”，后不接名词(4)theother表示“两者/部分中的另一个/部分”(5)theothers＝theother＋名词复数，表示“剩余的人或物”(其后不接名词)Willyousinganothersong?She'sreadytohelpotherpeople.Weshouldthinkofothers．Tomhastwopets．Oneisadog,andtheotherisabird.Ihavesomepens.Twoofthemarered,andtheothersareblue.3．复合不定代词分类some－any－no－every－用法人somebodyanybodynobodyeverybody(1)作单数，表示“某物”“某人”等(2)在修饰不定代词时，形容词要放在不定代词之后。如：somethingnewsomeoneanyonenooneeveryone物somethinganythingnothingeverything(C)6．(2023镇江)Thetwinbrothersaregoodatfootballandofthemhaveatalentforsports.A．neither B．eitherC．both D．all(C)7．(2023菏泽)—Hurryup!Thebusisleavingsoon.—Don'tworry．Thereistimeleft.A．no B．little C．alittle(B)8．(2023东营)—HaseverbeentoMars?—No,notyet．Maybeinthefuture．A．nobody B．anybodyC．somebody D．everybody疑问代词1．疑问代词的判定疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，如：who，whom，whose，which，what。用于特殊疑问句中，一般放句首，并在句中充当句子成分。2．疑问代词的用法疑问代词词义例句what什么Whatclassishein?Whatisherfather？which哪个；哪些Whichisbetter?Whichcitydoyoulikebest?who谁(主格)Whohelpedyouwithyourhomework？whom谁(宾格)WhomdidyouvisitlastSunday?whose谁的Whosebikewaslostyesterday？注意：在口语中who可以代替whom。(A)9．(2023丹东)—isthisbasketball?—Perhapsit'sourEnglishteacher's．Helikessports.A．Whose B．Where C．How D．Which强化训练代词在语法选择中的运用★1．形容词性物主代词作定语(2023广东)Attheageofseven,Davidhad32firstastronaut(宇航员)trainingexperience.32．A．he B．him C．his【思路点拨】根据句意可知，七岁那年戴维有了他第一次宇航员训练的经历。设空后的“firstastronauttrainingexperience”是名词短语，此处应用形容词性物主代词。故选C。★2．人称代词作主语或宾语(2021广东)WorkersstartedtobuildthebridgeinMay,2018．33cost$2.8millionandtookovertwoyearstocomplete.33．A．It B．ItsC．They D．Theirs【思路点拨】分析句子结构可知，此句缺少主语，此处应用人称代词的主格形式指代上句中的“thebridge”，即用it。故选A。代词在短文填空中的运用★人称代词作宾语，用在动词或介词后(2023广东)Thereisasmallthingweuseeveryday．Weusuallyput66inthebathroom.【思路点拨】根据语境及分析句子结构可知，此处指我们通常把它放在浴室。此处指代上文的“asmallthing”，应用it，且代词在句中作宾语。故填it。课后练习一、单项填空(B)1．(2023北京)Mysisterenjoyssingingandfavoritesubjectismusic.A．his B．herC．your D．their(B)2．(2023武汉模拟)—Doyouknowthe24solarterms?—Ofcourse．Theyshowthechangesofnatureandcarriesitsownspecialmeaning.A．neither B．eachC．every D．either(A)3．(2023镇江一模)Afterabusyday,isbetterthanenjoyingdinnerwithallmyfamilymembers.A．nothing B．anythingC．something D．everything(D)4．Mostpeoplehavethehabitoftalkingtowhentheyarealone.A．them B．theyC．their D．themselves(B)5．isnecessaryforustotalktoourparentswhenwehaveproblems.A．This B．ItC．That D．One二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空1．(2023兰州)Thereisn'tany(some)milkinthefridgenow．Whynotbuysomeonline?2．(2023定西一模)Thoughtheoldmanismorethan80,heteacheshimself(he)howtouseWeChat.3．Jackisagoodfriendoftheirs(they).4．Asjuniorhighschoolstudents,weshouldlearntolearnallthesubjectsbyourselves(we)inourdailylives.5．—Myfatherwilltakeme(I)totheWestLakeinHangzhouthisSaturday.—Really?Ihopeyou'llenjoyyour(you)weekend.三、小语篇特训(一)语法选择Coffeehasbeenapartofpeople'slivesforthousandsofyears,anditisstillafavoritedrinkintheworld．Hereisastoryabouthow1wasdiscovered.(A)1．A．it B．its C．itselfThestorytells2coffeewasdiscoveredinAfricalonglongago．Onedayafarmerwaswatchinghisgoats,andsawthemeating3berries(浆果)fromaplant．Thegoatsbecameveryactiveafter4atetheberries．Themanoftenfelttired,sohedecidedtotrytheberries,too．To5surprise,hedidn'tfeeltiredanymore．Coffeeplantswerethusdiscovered．ThencoffeewastakenfromAfricato6countriesinEurope.(C)2．A．we B．our C．us(C)3．A．any B．every C．some(A)4．A．they B．them C．their(C)5．A．he B．him C．his(A)6．A．other B．others C．theothersAfterthat,thefarmersstartedtogrowcoffeeplants,especiallyinSouthAmerica.(二)短文填空请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。ourheothernothingtheyyouanythingBythinkingaboutourbademotions(情绪),wecanfindhealthywaystodealwiththem．Unhealthybehaviorsarenotthewaytodothis．Therearebetterwaystodealwith1．them．Oneofthebestwaysisforgiveness(原谅)．Forgivenessisapowerfultool．Weshouldforgive2．ourselvesfirst．Wemustalsoforgiveotherswhohavemadeusangry．Thisisnotalwayseasy．Butthereis3．nothinggoodaboutcarryingbademotionsinside．Byforgivingourselvesand4．others，wecanputdownourpressureandfeelbetteraboutourselves．Themomentyoudothis,youwillstarttofeellike5．youhavemoreenergyandyou'llbemuchhappierwithyourlife.四、短文填空(核心素养：思维品质)请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。decideiffindhoweveragewhenhebutlearnoffamoussubject(2023平凉一模改编)WhenCharli