2016职称英语理工A全部答案

2016年职称英语理工类A级词汇选项考试真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项（第1——15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最

为接近的选项。

1.Therevelationofhispastledtohisresignation.

A.imaginationB.confirmation

C.recallD.disclosure

答案为D.revelation（揭露）-disclosure（揭露）

2.Jensenisadangerousman,andcanbeverybrutal.

A.carelessB.cruel

C.strongD.hard

答案为B.brutal（残忍的）-cruel

3.You'IIhavetosprintifyouwanttocatchthetrain.

A.jumpB.escape

C.runD.prepare

答案为C.sprint（快速奔跑）-run（奔跑）

4.Weareworriedaboutthisfluidsituationfullwithuncertainty.

A.changeableB.stable

C.suitableD.adaptable

答案为A.fluid（不稳定的）-changeable（易变的）

5.Thenewgarmentfitsherperfectly.

A.haircutB.purse

C.clothesD.necklace

答案为C.garment（衣服）-clothes（衣服）

6.Thephobiamayhaveitsrootinachildhoodtrauma.

A.fearB.joy

C.hurtD.memory

答案为C.trauma（精神上的创伤）-hurt（感情上的伤心或痛苦）

7.Theyhavetobuildcanalstoirrigatethedesert.

A.decorateB.water

C.changeD.visit

答案为B.irrigate（灌溉）-water（给…浇水）

8.Heroveralllanguageproficiencyremainsthatofatoddler.

A.disabledB.pupil

C.teenagerD.baby

答案为D.toddler（学步的儿童）-baby（婴儿）

9.Thecoastalareahasverymildwinter,butthecentralplainsremain

extremelycold.

A.warmB.severe

C.hardD.dry

答案为A.mild（温暖的）-warm（温暖的）

10.Thedetailsofthecostumeweretotallyauthentic.

A.realB.outstanding

C.creativeD.false

答案为A.authentic（逼真的）-real（逼真的）

11.Weareawareofthepotentialproblems.

A.globalB.possible

C.ongoingD.central

答案为B.potential（可能的）-possible（可能的）

12.Theideawasquitebrilliant.

A.positiveB.clever

C.keyD.original

答案为B.brilliant（绝妙的）-clever（聪明的）

13.Stockmarketpricetumbledaftarrumorofariseininterestrate.

A.regulatedB.increased

C.fellD.maintained

答案为C.tumbled（暴跌）-fell（下降）

14.Thecoursegivesyoubasicinstructionsincarmaintenance.

A.coachingB.idea

C.termD.aspect

答案为A.instructions（指导说B月）一coaching（教导）

15.Allhouseswithin100metresoftheseasatriskofflooding.

A.indangerB.outofcontrol

C.betweenequalsD.inparticular

答案为Aindangerof（处于危险中）一atriskof（处于风险中）

阅读判断

TheGreatestofVictorianEngineers

Inthehundredyearsupto1860,theworkofasmallgroupofconstruction

engineerscarriedforwardtheenormoussocialandeconomicchangethatweassociate

withtheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain.Themostimportantoftheseengineers

wasIsambardKingdomBrunel,whoseworkinshipping,bridge-building,andrailway

construction,tonamejustthreefields,bothchallengedandmotivatedhis

colleagues.Hewasthedrivingforcebehindanumberofthehugelyambitiousprojects,

someofwhichresultedinworkswhicharestillinusetoday.

Thesonofanengineer,Brunelapprenticedwithhisfatheratanearlyageon

thebuildingoftheThamesTunnel.Attheageofjusttwenty,hebecameengineer

inchargeoftheproject.ThisimpressiveplantoboreundertheThamestwicesuffered

twomajordisasterswhentheriverbrokethroughintothetunnelwhenthesecond

breach（决口）occurredin1872,Brunelwasseriouslyinjuredduringrescueoperation

andfurtherworkwashalted.

Whilerecoveringfromhisinjuries,Brunelenteredadesigncompetitionfora

newbridgeovertheAvonGorgenearClifton.Theoriginaljudgeofthecompetition

wasThomasTelford,aleadingcivi1engineerofhisday,whorejectedallentries

tothecompetitioninfavorofhisowndesign.Afterconsiderablescandal,asecond

contestwasheldandBruneVsdesignwasaccepted.Forreasonsoffunding,however,

exacerbated（力口居lj）bysocialunrestinBristol,theprojectwasabandonedin1843

withonlythetowerscompleted.AfterBrunel*sdeath,itwasdecidedtobeginwork

onitagain,partlysothatthebridgecouldformafittingmemorialtothegreat

engineer.Theentirestructurewasfinallycompletedin1864.Today,thewell-known

CliftonSuspensionBridgeisasymbolofBristol,justastheOperaHouseisofSydney.

Originallyintendedonlyforhorse-drawntraffic,thebridgenowbearsoverfour

millionmotorvehiclesayear.

16.【题干】BrunelwasanimportantairplaneengineerinBritainduringthe

IndustrialRevolution.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】c

【解析】

17.【题干】Brunelwasinvolvedlessinrailwayconstructionthaninother

engineeringfields.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】C

【解析】

18.【题干】Brunelworkedonlyonshipping,bridge-buildingandraiIway

construction.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】B

【解析】

19.【题干】Brunelworkwaslargelyignoredbyhiscolleagues.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】B

【解析】

20.【题干】SomeprojectsBrunelcontributedtoarestillinusetoday.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】A

【解析】

21.【题干】Brunelbecameanapprenticewithhisfatherwhenhewasveryyoung.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】A

【解析】

22.【题干】TheThamesTunnelprojectwasmoredifficultthananypreviousprojects

undertakeninBritain.

【选项】

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

【答案】C

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）

Geothermal（地热）Energy

1Sinceheatnaturallymovesfromhotterregionstocoolerones,theheatfromtheearth's

centerflowsoutwardstowardsthesurfaceoInthisway,ittransferstothenextlayerofrockoIf

thetemperatureishighenough,someofthisrockmeltsandformsmagma（岩浆）。The

magmaascendsinitsturntowardstheearth'ssurfaceoItoftenremainswellbelowtheearth's

surface,creatingvastareasofhotrockoInsuchregions,therearedeepcracks,whichallow

rainwatertodescendunderground»Someoftheheatedrainwatertravelsbackuptotheearth*s

surfacewhereitwillappearasahotspringoHowever,ifthisascendinghotwaterreachesalayer

ofimpermeable（不可渗透的）rock,itremainstrapped,formingageothermalreservoiroIf

geothermalreservoirsarecloseenoughtothesurface,theycanbereachedbydrillingwellSoHot

waterandsteamshootupthewellsnaturally,andcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityin

geothermalpowerplantso

2oAfewgeothermalpowerplantsdependondry-stemreservoirswhichproducesteambut

littleornowateroInthesecases,thesteamispipedupdirectlytoprovidethepowertospina

turbinegeneratoroThefirstgeothermalpowerplant,constructedatLardarelloinItaly,wasof

thistype,andisstillproducingelectricitytodayo

3oMostcurrentlyoperatinggeothermalpowerplantsareeither"flash"steamplantsorbinary

（双重的）plantsoFlashplantsproducemainlyhotwaterrangingintemperaturefrom300°to

700°FahrenheitoThiswaterispassedthroughoneortwoseparatorswherereleasedfromthe

pressureoftheundergroundreservoir,it"flashes"orboilsintosteamAgain,theforceofthis

steamprovidestheenergytospintheturbineandproduceelectricityoThegeothermalwaterand

steamarethenreinjecteddirectlybackdownintotheearthtomaintainthevolumeandpressureof

thereservoiroGraduallytheywillbereheatedandcanthenbeusedagaino

4oAreservoirwithtemperaturesbelow300°Fahrenheitisnothotenoughtoflashsteambutit

canstillbeusedtogenerateelectricityinbinaryfluidoThesteamfromthisisusedtopowerthe

turbinesoAsintheflashsteamplant,thegeothermalwaterisrecycledbackintothereservoir。

23.Paragraph1E

24.Paragraph2F

25.Paragraph3C

26.Paragraph4B

A.Recyclablewaterandsteam

B.Binaryplants

C.Flashsteamplants

D.Generationofelectricity

E.Originofgeothermalenergy

F.Drysteamplants

27.Ageothermalreservoirisformedwhenhotwateristrappedunder_B.

28.Adry-steamreservoirproducessteamwith_C___.

29.Flashplantsproducehotwaterthrough_E___.

30.Inabinaryplant,theheatofthegeothermalwatercanbeconvertedinto_F.

A.hotsprings

B.impermeablerock

C.littleornowater

D.turbineoperator

E.oneortwoseparators

F.theenergytoturnaturbine

参考答案：EFCBBCEF

阅读理解

第一篇SportsStarYaoMing

IfYaoMingisnotthebiggestsportsstarintheworld,healmostcertainlythetallest.At2.26m,

heisthetallestplayerintheNationalBasketballAssociation（NBA）andholdstherecordasthe

mosttoweringOlympianevertocompeteintheGame.

Butwhatreallystandsoutaboutthegiantcenterishiscelebrity（名气）.Few,ifany,Chinese

athletesareaswell-knownasYaoMingaroundtheworld.Peopleacrosstheglobearefascinated

withYao,notonlyforhisbasketballprowess（接杰出的才能）butalsoforbeingasymbolof

internationalcommerce.

WhenYaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsastheNo.1pickinthe2002NBAdrafthewasthe

firstinternationalplayerevertobeselectedfirst.Hisassetsonthecourtareclearenoughno

NBAplayerofhissizehaseverpossessedhismobility,soheisahandful（难对付的人）

foropponentsoneitherendofthecourt.ButwhatmakesYaoinvaluabletotheRockets

organizationishisroleasaglobalcitizenandasabridgetomillionsofpotentialbasketballfansin

China.

WhenitwasannouncedinFebruarythatYaowouldmisstherestoftheNBAseason

andpossiblytheOlympicswithastressfracture（骨折）inhisleftfoot,acollectiveshudderspread

acrossChina.Afterconsiderabledebateanddiscussion,Yaooptedtogethisfootsurgicallytreated

inanoperationthatplacedseveraltinyscrewsacrossthebone,toofferhisoverburdenedfootmore

support.Thesurgerywasasuccess,andthoughtheestimatedfour-monthrecoveryperiodwill

leavehimlittletimetopreparewithTeamChina.YaohasvowedtobereadyfortheBeijing

Olympics.

Yaowrappedupa10-daytriptoChina,whereheunderwentaseriesoftraditional

Chinesemedicine（TCM）treatments,hopingtoacceleratehisrecoveryprocess.Westernexpertsare

generallyskepticalofTCM'sbenefits,althoughnewresearchfromtheUniversityof

Rochestersuggeststhatacertaincompoundderivedfromshellfishmayindeedstimulatebone

repair.

4tThereisnoreasontodismissTCM,“YaotoldapressconferenceinBeijing,"It'sbeenused

inourcountryforthousandsofyears.Idon'tthinkthatit'sshortonscience/*

36.Theword^towering^inParagraph1means

A.large.

B.fat.

C.tall.

D.great.

37.OpponentsfinditverydifficulttocontrolYaoMingbecauseofhis

A.assault.

B.mobility.

C.defense.

D.celebrity.

38.YaoMinghadtoundergoaseriesofTCMtreatmentsbecause

A.hewantedtomakeamorerapidrecovery.

B.hisrightfoothadbeenhurting.

C.thesurgicaloperationhadbeenafailure.

D.hecouldnlaffordallthemedicalexpenses.

39.WhichstatementaboutYaoMingisNOTtrue?

A.HeisanNBAplayer.

B.Hefracturedhisleftfoot.

C.HemissedtheAthensOlympics.

D.Heisaninternationalfigure.

40.Ingeneral,theWesternexperts'attitudetowardsTCMis

A.indifferent.

B.positive.

C.doubtful.

D.negative.

参考答案：CBACC

第二篇DeforestationandDesertification（沙漠化）

TheSahelzoneliesbetweentheSaharadesertandthefertilesavannahs（热带大

草原）ofnorthernNigeriaandSouthSudan.ThewordsahelcomesfromArabicand

（半

meansmarginalortransitionalrandthisisagooddescriptionofthesesemi-arid

干旱）lands,whichoccupymuchoftheWesternAfricancountriesof

Mail,Mauritania,NigerzandChad.

Unfortunately,overthelastcenturytheSaharadeserthassteadilycrept

southwardseatingintoonceproductiveSahellands.UnitedNationssurveysshow

thatover70percentofthedrylandinagricultureuseinAfricahasdeterioratedover

thelast30years.Droughtshavebecomemoresevere,themostrecentlastingover

twentyyearsinpartsoftheSahelregion.Thesameprocessofdesertificationis

takingplaceacrosssouthernAfricaastheKalaharidesertadvancesintoBotswana

andpartsofSouthAfrica.

Oneofthemajorcausesofthisdesertadvanceispooragriculturallanduse,

drivenbythepressuresofincreasingpopulation.Overgrazing—keepingtoomany

farmanimalsontheland—meansthatgrassesandotherplantscannotrecover,

andscarcewatersuppliesareexhausted.Overcultivation—tryingtogrowtoomany

cropsonpoorland—resultsinthesoilbecomingevenlessfertileanddrier,and

beginningtobreakup.Soilerosion（侵蚀）follows,andthelandturnsintodesert.

Anothercauseofdesertificationislossoftreecover.Treesarecutdownforuse

asfuelandtoclearlandforagriculturaluse.Treerootshelptobindthesoil

together,toconservemoisture,andtoprovideahabitatforotherplantsand

animals.Whentreesarecutdown,thesoilbeginstodryandloosen,windandrain

erosionincrease,otherplantspeciesdie,andeventuallythefertiletopsoilmaybe

almostentirelylost,leavingonlybarerockanddust.

Theeffectsoflossoftopsoilandincreaseddroughtareirreversible.

Theyare,however,preventable.Carefulconservationoftreecoverand

sustainableagriculturallandusehavebeenshowntohaltdeteriorationofsoilsand

lessentheeffectsofshortageofrainfall.OneprojectinKitainsouth-west

MalifundedbyUNDPhasinvolvedlocalcommunitiesinsustainablemanagement

offorest,whileatthesametimeprovidingaviable（有）舌力的）agriculturaleconomy.

ThismaybeamodelforsimilarprojectsinotherWestAfricancountries.

35ordertopreventdesertificationztheauthorproposes

A.makinggooduseofinternationalaids

B.developingasustainableagriculturaleconomy

C.gaininginternationalsupport

D.convertingagriculturallandintoforest

答案：b

36.TheSahelzoneisanareawhich—.

A.iscoveredwithsadandgrass

B.hasalonghistory

C.occupiesmuchofSouthNigeria

D.belongstoSudan

答案：a

37.WhatisthesituationaboutthedesertificationinAfrica?

A.Thedesertsarereplacedwithgrasslands

B.Thedesertsareexpanding

C.thedesertsaremovingnorthwards

D.thedesertsarebeingdeserted

答案：b

38.Theword''deteriorated〃inparagraph2means

A.deepened

B.suffered

C.slipped

D.worsened

答案：d

39.Whatistherootcauseofdesertification?

A.poorfarming

B.overpopulation

C.radicalclimatechange

D.disappearanceofrareplantspecies

答案：a

40.Inordertopreventdesertification,theauthorproposes

A.makinggooduseofinternationalaids

B.developingasustainableagriculturaleconomy

C.gaininginternationalsupport

D.convertingagriculturallandintoforest

答案：b

第三篇

OlderVolcanicEruptions

Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywere

bigger,butbecausethecarbondioxide（二氧化碳）theyreleasedwipedoutlifewith

greaterease.

PaulWignailfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetween

volcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflarge

numbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyears

coincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthe

massivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.He

calculatedthe"killingefficiency"forthesevolcanoesbycomparingtheproportion

oflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflava（熔岩）thattheyproduced.Hefound

thatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlife

astheirmorerecentrivals

ThePermian（二叠纪）extinction,forexample,whichhappened250million

yearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughly

thesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout

lOgigatonnes（~H乙吨）ofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthat

followedwipedout80percentofallmarinegenera（种类）atthetime,andittook5

millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago,therewasanother

hugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextindtion.Some

animalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintensofthousandsof

years."Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall/'Wignailsays.Heignored

theextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs（恐龙）65millionyearsago,because

manyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid（小行星）.

Hethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecent

lifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.

VincentCourtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysicalInstituteinFrancezsays

thatWignall'sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesorts

ofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdepends

onhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehugeblastslasted

forthousands

ormillionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlava

prehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarily

correspondtocarbondioxideemissions.

41.0ldervolcaniceruptionsdidmoredamagethanmorerecentonesbecause

A.oldervolcanoeswerebrighter.

B.carbondioxidemadetheearthmuchwarmer

C.oldervolcanoeswerehotter

D.carbondioxidekilledofflifemoreeasily

答案：d

42.Wignailcalculatedthekillingpowerofthoseoldervolcaniceruptionsby

A.estimatinghowlongtheylasted

B.countingthedinosaurstheykilled

C.comparingtheproportionoflifekilledwiththevolumeoflavaproduced

D.studyingthechemicalcompositionoflava

答案：c

43.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?

A.300millionyearsago.

B.250millionyearsago

C.65millionyearsago

D.60millionyearsago

答案：c

44.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatthecauseofdinosaurextinction

is_______

A.apoliticalissue.

B.self-evident

C.quitecertain

D.controversial

答案：d

45.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?

A.Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.

B.Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.

C.Oldervolcaniceruptionsaremoredestructive

D.Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption

答案：c

完形填空

CellPhoneLetsYourSecretsOut

Yourcellphoneholdssecretsaboutyou.Besidesthenamesandnumbersthat

you'veprogrammedintoit,traces___(51)ofyourDNAlinger(遗留)on

thedeviceaccordingtoanewstudy

DNAisgenetic(遗传的)materialthat(52)appearsineverycell.Uke

yourfingerprint,yourDNAisunique(53)toyou------unlessyouhavean

identicaltwin.ScientiststodayanalyzeDNAinblood,saliva(唾液)，orhairleft

___behind(54)atthesceneofacrime.Theresultsoftenhelpdetectives

identify___criminals(55)andtheirvictims.Yourcellphonecanrevealmore

aboutyou___than(56)youmightthink.