财会英语词汇

expense支出fairmarketvalue公平市价fifo先进先出法fixedassets固定资产fobprice离岸价格footnotes表下注释foreignexchange外汇franchise特许权freight-in进货运费freight-out销货运费generaljournal普通日记帐generalledger总分类帐grossbookvalue帐面总值grossprofit毛利,总利润hedge套期交易incomestatement损益表incrementalcost增值成本installment分期付款instrument证券，票据intangibleassets无形资产interest利息inventory存货invoice发票issuedcapitalstock已发行股本journalentry日记帐,分录liability负债lifo后进先出法long-termdebt长期负债lowerofcostormarket成本市价孰低法lumpsum一次性付款marketvalue市场价值markup涨价mortgage抵押；债权netassets净资产obsoleteinventory作废存货partnership合伙企业parvalue面值patent专利权payroll工资；工资单pensionfund养老金基金pensionplan养老金计划physicalinventory实地盘存pledgedasset抵押资产posting过帐p,p&e固定资产preferenceshares优先股preferredstock优先股premium溢价presentvalue现值principal本金refinance再筹资refund退还；再筹资retainedearning留存收益revenue收入salvagevalue残值security证券，担保品segment分部servicelife使用年限stockholdersequity股东权益stockdiscount股票折价straightlinemethod直线法subsidiaryledger明细分类帐sum-of-the-years-digitsmethod年数总和法tangibleassets有形资产vouchercheck凭单支票withholding预扣worksheet工作底稿writedown减记writeoff转销，注销year-end-adjustment年终调整accelerateddepreciationmethod计算折旧时，初期所提的折旧大于后期各年。加速折旧法主要包括余额递减折旧法decliningbalancedepreciation，双倍余额递减折旧法doubledecliningbalancedepreciation，年限总额折旧法sumoftheyears'depreciationaccount科目，帐户accountformat帐户式accountpayable应付帐款accountreceivable应收帐款accountingcycle会计循环，指按顺序进行记录，归类，汇总和编表的全过程。在连续的会计期间周而复始的循环进行accountingequation会计等式：资产=负债+业主权益accountsreceivableturnover应收帐款周转率：一个时期的赊销净额/应收帐款平均余额accrualbasisaccounting应记制，债权发生制：以应收应付为计算基础，以确定本期收益与费用的一种方式。凡应属本期的收益于费用，不论其款项是否以收付，均作为本期收益和费用处理。accrueddividend应计股利accruedexpense应记费用：指本期已经发生而尚未支付的各项费用。accruedrevenue应记收入accumulateddepreciation累计折旧acid-testratio酸性试验比率，企业速动资产与流动负债的比率，又称quickratioacquisitioncost购置成本adjustedtrialbalance调整后试算表，指已作调整分录但尚未作结账分录的试算表。adjustingentry调整分录：在会计期末所做的分录，将会计期内因某些原因而未曾记录或未适当记录的会计事项予以记录入帐。adverse应收帐款的帐龄分类agingofaccountsreceivable应收帐款的帐龄allocable应分配的allowanceforbaddebts备抵坏帐allowancefordepreciation备抵折旧allowancefordoubtfulaccounts呆帐备抵allowanceforuncollectibleaccounts呆帐备抵allowancemethod备抵法：用备抵帐户作为各项资产帐户的抵销帐户，以使交易的费用与收入相互配合的方法。amortization摊销,清偿annuitydue期初年金annuitymethod年金法appraisalmethod估价法asset资产baddebt坏帐baddebtexpense坏帐费用：将坏帐传人费用帐户，冲销应收帐款balancesheet资产负债表bankdiscount银行贴现折价bankreconciliation银行往来调节：企业自身的存款帐户余额和银行对帐单的余额不符时，应对未达帐进行调节。bankstatement银行对帐单，银行每月寄给活期存款客户的对帐单，列明存款兑现支票和服务费用。barter易货交易benchmarking基准，用于比较分析的基期经济资料boardofdirectors董事会bond证券bondspayable应付债券，发行债券公司的一个负债帐户。bookvalue帐面价值bookkeeping簿记budget预算，政府或企业用于控制未来经济活动的财务计划。callablebonds可赎回债券，可以提前偿还的债券又称可赎回债券。redeemablebondscapital资金，资本，资方。capitalexpenditure资本支出，指购买固定资产的支出，或为了一项业务长远利益的支出。资本支出在当期应税所得中，一般不能扣除。但机器设备等价款，可以列支折旧。capitallease资本租赁，税款。又称筹资租赁financinglease.租赁的两种形式之一，另一种是经营租赁operatinglease.资本租赁是，承租人在借到资金的同时，又获得一项需要摊销的资产。由承租人负担维修，租金，保险费和capitalpaidin缴入资本capitalstock股本capitalize资本化。carryback抵前carryforward递延,结转cashbasisaccounting现收现付制会计，在会计核算中，以款项的实际收付为计算标准，以确定本期收益和费用的方法。这种方法不能正确反应各期损益，顾只适用于非营利单位。cashdisbursementsjournal现金支出簿。cashequivalents现金等价物cashflow现金流量表cashinhand库存现金cashreceiptsjournal现金收入日记帐chartofaccounts会计科目表classifiedbalancesheet分类资产负债表，按类别编制的资产负债表，将资产和负债按用途和来源划分为小类，对以清楚地表明资产与负债项目的典体构成情况。closingentries结帐分录，将收入和费用帐户结转于损益帐户的分录。closingtheaccounts结帐collateral抵押品common-sizestatement统一度量式财务报表，只有百分比而无金额的报表，将财务报表中的总数作为100%，并将各项目分别换算为百分比，以分析不同项目的变化和差异。commonstock普通股compoundinterest复利comprehensiveincome综合收入conservatism稳健主义，对会计事项的处理持稳健态度，不预计收益但预计损失，对资产估价要低，对负债的计算要高。如果没有确定的把握，在报表中所列的事项应使本期收益少计。consistencyprinciple一致性，指各个会计时期会计方法保持一致，以便于不同时期的财务报表进行比较。consolidatedstatements汇总报表，包括子公司在内的母公司的财务报表。contingentliability或有负债contraaccount抵消帐户，用于抵减另一帐户余额而设置的帐户。例累积折旧是固定资产的抵消帐户。contractinterestrate约定利率contributedcapital缴入资本controlaccount控制帐户，总分类帐中的一个帐户，用于统驭几个辅助帐户的总额。辅助帐户的增减也反应在此帐户总额上。controlling（majority）interest控制股权权益。convertiblebond可转换债券convertiblepreferredstock可转换优先股copyright版权costofcapital资本成本，指企业所支付的债务利息和股等，它是决定资本预算的重要因素。costofgoodssold销售成本coupon息票credit信用，信贷，信用证，贷方cumulativepreferredstock累积优先股，指当年利润不足发放股息时，可积累至下一年发放的优先股。currentassets流动资产currentliability流动负债高频词汇：accountpayable应付帐款accountreceivable应收帐款accountofpayments支出表accountofreceipts收入表Accountingperiod会计期间accountingyear或financialyear会计年度accountantgenaral会计主任accountbalancde结平的帐户accountbill帐单accountbooks帐accountclassification帐户分类accountcurrent往来帐accountformofbalancesheet帐户式资产负债表accountformofprofitandlossstatement帐户式损益表accountpayable应付帐款accountreceivable应收帐款accountofpayments支出表accountofreceipts收入表accounttitle帐户名称，会计科目accountingyear或financialyear会计年度accountspayableledger应付款分类帐Accountingperiod（会计期间）arerelatedtospecifictimeperiods,typicallyoneyear（通常是一年)资产负债表：balancesheet可以不大写b利润表：incomestatements(orstatementsofincome)利润分配表：retainedearnings现金流量表：cashflows1、部门的称谓市场部Marketing销售部SalesDepartment（也有其它讲法，如宝洁公司销售部叫客户生意发展部CBD）客户服务CustomerService，例如客服员叫CSR，Rforrepresentative人事部HumanResource行政部Admin.财务部Finance&Accounting产品供应ProductSupply，例如产品调度员叫PSPlanner2、人员的称谓助理Assistant秘书secretary前台接待小姐Receptionist文员clerk，如会计文员为AccountingClerk主任supervisor经理Manager总经理GM，GeneralManager入场费admission运费freight小费tip学费tuition价格，代价charge制造费用Manufacturingoverhead材料费Materials管理人员工资ExecutiveSalaries奖金Wages退职金Retirementallowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcingfee福利费Employeebenefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Specialduties市内交通费Businesstraveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费WaterandSteam税费Taxesanddues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehiclesmaintenance油料费Vehiclesmaintenance培训费Educationandtraining接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Booksandprinting运费Transpotation保险费Insurancepremium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundrycharges折旧费Depreciationexpense机物料消耗Articleofconsumption劳动保护费Laborprotectionfees总监Director总会计师FinanceController高级Senior如高级经理为SeniorManager营业费用Operatingexpenses代销手续费Consignmentcommissioncharge运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurancepremium展览费Exhibitionfees广告费Advertisingfees管理费用Adminisstrativeexpenses职工工资StaffSalaries修理费Repaircharge低值易耗摊销Articleofconsumption办公费Officeallowance差旅费Travellingexpense工会经费Labourunionexpenditure研究与开发费Researchanddevelopmentexpense福利费Employeebenefits/welfare职工教育经费Personneleducation待业保险费Unemploymentinsurance劳动保险费Labourinsurance医疗保险费Medicalinsurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediaryorgans咨询费Consultfees诉讼费Legalcost业务招待费Businessentertainment技术转让费Technologytransferfees矿产资源补偿费Mineralresourcescompensationfees排污费Pollutiondischargefees房产税Housingpropertytax车船使用税Vehicleandvesselusagelicenseplatetax(VVULPT)土地使用税Tenuretax印花税Stamptax财务费用Financecharge利息支出Interestexchange汇兑损失Foreignexchangeloss各项手续费Chargefortrouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowingcost帐目名词一、资产类Assets流动资产Currentassets货币资金Cashandcashequivalents现金Cash银行存款Cashinbank其他货币资金Othercashandcashequivalents外埠存款OthercityCashinbank银行本票Cashier''scheque银行汇票Bankdraft信用卡Creditcard信用证保证金L/CGuaranteedeposits存出投资款Refundabledeposits短期投资Short-terminvestments股票Short-terminvestments-stock债券Short-terminvestments-corporatebonds基金Short-terminvestments-corporatefunds其他Short-terminvestments-other短期投资跌价准备Short-terminvestmentsfallingpricereserves应收款Accountreceivable应收票据Notereceivable银行承兑汇票Bankacceptance商业承兑汇票Tradeacceptance应收股利Dividendreceivable应收利息Interestreceivable应收账款Accountreceivable其他应收款Othernotesreceivable坏账准备Baddebtreserves预付账款Advancemoney应收补贴款Coverdeficitbystatesubsidiesofreceivable库存资产Inventories物资采购Suppliespurchasing原材料Rawmaterials包装物Wrappage低值易耗品Low-valueconsumptiongoods材料成本差异Materialscostvariance自制半成品Semi-Finishedgoods库存商品Finishedgoods商品进销差价Differencesbetweenpurchasingandsellingprice委托加工物资Workinprocess-outsourced委托代销商品Trusttoandsellthegoodsonacommissionbasis受托代销商品Commissionedandsellthegoodsonacommissionbasis存货跌价准备Inventoryfallingpricereserves分期收款发出商品Collectmoneyandsendoutthegoodsbystages待摊费用Deferredandprepaidexpenses长期投资Long-terminvestment长期股权投资Long-terminvestmentonstocks股票投资Investmentonstocks其他股权投资Otherinvestmentonstocks长期债权投资Long-terminvestmentonbonds债券投资Investmentonbonds其他债权投资Otherinvestmentonbonds长期投资减值准备Long-terminvestmentsdepreciationreserves股权投资减值准备Stockrightsinvestmentdepreciationreserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor''srightsinvestmentdepreciationreserves委托贷款Entrustloans本金Principal利息Interest减值准备Depreciationreserves固定资产Fixedassets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machineryequipment运输设备Transportationfacilities工具器具Instrumentsandimplement累计折旧Accumulateddepreciation固定资产减值准备Fixedassetsdepreciationreserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structuredepreciationreserves机器设备减值准备Machineryequipmentdepreciationreserves工程物资Projectgoodsandmaterial专用材料Special-purposematerial专用设备Special-purposeequipment预付大型设备款Prepaymentsforequipment为生产准备的工具及器具Preparativeinstrumentsandimplementforfabricate在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erectionworks在安装设备Erectingequipment-in-process技术改造工程Technicalinnovationproject大修理工程Generaloverhaulproject在建工程减值准备Construction-in-processdepreciationreserves固定资产清理Liquidationoffixedassets无形资产Intangibleassets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks,Tradenames著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill无形资产减值准备IntangibleAssetsdepreciationreserves专利权减值准备Patentrightsdepreciationreserves商标权减值准备trademarkrightsdepreciationreserves未确认融资费用Unacknowledgedfinancialcharges待处理财产损溢Waitdealassetslossorincome待处理财产损溢Waitdealassetslossorincome待处理流动资产损溢Waitdealintangibleassetslossorincome待处理固定资产损溢Waitdealfixedassetslossorincome二、负债类Liability短期负债Currentliability短期借款Short-termborrowing应付票据Notespayable银行承兑汇票Bankacceptance商业承兑汇票Tradeacceptance应付账款Accountpayable预收账款Depositreceived代销商品款Proxysalegoodsrevenue应付工资Accruedwages应付福利费Accruedwelfarism应付股利Dividendspayable应交税金Taxpayable应交增值税valueaddedtaxpayable进项税额WithholdingsonVAT已交税金Payingtax转出未交增值税UnpaidVATchangeover减免税款Taxdeduction销项税额SubstitutedmoneyonVAT出口退税Taxreimbursementforexport进项税额转出ChangeoverwithnoldingsonVAT出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Exportdeductdomesticsalesgoodstax转出多交增值税OverpaidVATchangeover未交增值税UnpaidVAT应交营业税Businesstaxpayable应交消费税Consumptiontaxpayable应交资源税Resourcestaxpayable应交所得税Incometaxpayable应交土地增值税Incrementtaxonlandvaluepayable应交城市维护建设税Taxformaintainingandbuildingcitiespayable应交房产税Housingpropertytaxpayable应交土地使用税Tenuretaxpayable应交车船使用税Vehicleandvesselusagelicenseplatetax(VVULPT)payable应交个人所得税Personalincometaxpayable其他应交款Otherfundinconformitywithpaying其他应付款Otherpayables预提费用Drawingexpenseinadvance其他负债Otherliabilities待转资产价值Pendingchangeroverassetsvalue预计负债Anticipationliabilities长期负债Long-termLiabilities长期借款Long-termloans一年内到期的长期借款Long-termloansduewithinoneyear一年后到期的长期借款Long-termloansdueoveroneyear应付债券Bondspayable债券面值Facevalue,Parvalue债券溢价Premiumonbonds债券折价Discountonbonds应计利息Accruedinterest长期应付款Long-termaccountpayable应付融资租赁款Accruedfinancialleaseoutlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-termaccountpayableduewithinoneyear一年后到期的长期应付Long-termaccountpayableoveroneyear专项应付款Specialpayable一年内到期的专项应付Long-termspecialpayableduewithinoneyear一年后到期的专项应付Long-termspecialpayableoveroneyear递延税款Deferraltaxes三、所有者权益类OWNERS''EQUITY资本Capita实收资本(或股本)Paid-upcapital(orstock)实收资本Paicl-upcapital实收股本Paid-upstock已归还投资InvestmentReturned公积资本公积Capitalreserve资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(orStock)premium接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receivenon-cashdonatereserve股权投资准备Stockrightinvestmentreserves拨款转入Allocatesumschangeoverin外币资本折算差额Foreigncurrencycapital其他资本公积Othercapitalreserve盈余公积Surplusreserves法定盈余公积Legalsurplus任意盈余公积Freesurplusreserves法定公益金Legalpublicwelfarefund储备基金Reservefund企业发展基金Enterpriseexpensionfund利润归还投资Profitscapitalizadonreturnofinvestment利润Profits本年利润Currentyearprofits利润分配Profitdistribution其他转入Otherchengeoverin提取法定盈余公积Withdrawallegalsurplus提取法定公益金Withdrawallegalpublicwelfarefunds提取储备基金Withdrawalreservefund提取企业发展基金Withdrawalreserveforbusinessexpansion提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawalstaffandworkers''bonusandwelfarefund利润归还投资Profitscapitalizadonreturnofinvestment应付优先股股利PreferredStockdividendspayable提取任意盈余公积Withdrawalothercommonaccumulationfund应付普通股股利CommonStockdividendspayable转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利CommonStockdividendschangetoassets(orstock)未分配利润Undistributedprofit四、成本类Cost生产成本Costofmanufacture基本生产成本Basecostofmanufacture辅助生产成本Auxiliarycostofmanufacture制造费用Manufacturingoverhead材料费Materials管理人员工资ExecutiveSalaries奖金Wages退职金Retirementallowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcingfee福利费Employeebenefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Specialduties市内交通费Businesstraveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费WaterandSteam税费Taxesanddues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费Vehiclesmaintenance油料费Vehiclesmaintenance培训费Educationandtraining接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Booksandprinting运费Transpotation保险费Insurancepremium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundrycharges折旧费Depreciationexpense机物料消耗Articleofconsumption劳动保护费Laborprotectionfees季节性停工损失Lossonseasonalitycessation劳务成本Servicecosts五、损益类Profitandloss收入Income业务收入OPERATINGINCOME主营业务收入Primeoperatingrevenue产品销售收入Salesrevenue服务收入Servicerevenue其他业务收入Otheroperatingrevenue材料销售Salesmaterials代购代售包装物出租Wrappagelease出让资产使用权收入Remiserightofassetsrevenue返还所得税Reimbursementofincometax其他收入Otherrevenue投资收益Investmentincome短期投资收益Currentinvestmentincome长期投资收益Long-terminvestmentincome计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawalofentrustloansreserves补贴收入Subsidizerevenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidizerevenuefromcountry其他补贴收入Othersubsidizerevenue营业外收入NON-OPERATINGINCOME非货币性交易收益Non-cashdealincome现金溢余Cashoverage处置固定资产净收益Netincomeondisposaloffixedassets出售无形资产收益Incomeonsalesofintangibleassets固定资产盘盈Fixedassetsinventoryprofit罚款净收入Netamercementincome支出Outlay业务支出Revenue